Budget Performance for the Biennium 2010-2011 as at 30 June 2010

Download Budget Performance for the Biennium 2010-2011 as at 30 June 2010 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Budget Performance for the Biennium 2010-2011 as at 30 June 2010 by : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Organization)

Download or read book Budget Performance for the Biennium 2010-2011 as at 30 June 2010 written by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Organization) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary : The budget performance for the first six months of the biennium 2010- 2011 of the trust funds administrated by the secretariat is presented. The aim is to inform Parties of income and expenditure and the results achieved by 30 June 2010.

International Public Administrations in Environmental Governance

Download International Public Administrations in Environmental Governance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009383469
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Public Administrations in Environmental Governance by : Helge Jörgens

Download or read book International Public Administrations in Environmental Governance written by Helge Jörgens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-29 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the influence of international public administrations on global politics in the Anthropocene. Combining theoretical and empirical methods, it is an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and practitioners in environmental policy and politics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Municipal Benchmarks

Download Municipal Benchmarks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131746432X
Total Pages : 1004 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Municipal Benchmarks by : David Ammons

Download or read book Municipal Benchmarks written by David Ammons and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely updated with new listings and statistics throughout, this comprehensive resource goes beyond the current literature on local government performance measurement and provides benchmarks on more than 40 key topics against which performance can be assessed in all areas of operation. "Ammons has assembled a remarkable volume of benchmark data for a comprehensive range of municipal government services. Municipal Benchmarks will be of considerable help for municipalities in laying the groundwork for an accountable government." - Harry Hatry, The Urban Institute "I am delighted to see that ideas for advancing our industry are alive and thriving. Ammons's collection does an incredible service to every municipal manager in the country, and perhaps the world. These benchmarks clearly set standardized ways of looking at measuring the performance of municipal service delivery." - Ted Gaebler, City Manager, Rancho Cordoba, CA (co-author of Reinventing Government)

Municipal Benchmarks

Download Municipal Benchmarks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
ISBN 13 : 0765634570
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (656 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Municipal Benchmarks by : David N. Ammons

Download or read book Municipal Benchmarks written by David N. Ammons and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely updated with new listings and statistics throughout, this comprehensive resource goes beyond the current literature on local government performance measurement and provides benchmarks on more than 40 key topics against which performance can be assessed in all areas of operation. "Ammons has assembled a remarkable volume of benchmark data for a comprehensive range of municipal government services. Municipal Benchmarks will be of considerable help for municipalities in laying the groundwork for an accountable government." - Harry Hatry, The Urban Institute "I am delighted to see that ideas for advancing our industry are alive and thriving. Ammons's collection does an incredible service to every municipal manager in the country, and perhaps the world. These benchmarks clearly set standardized ways of looking at measuring the performance of municipal service delivery." - Ted Gaebler, City Manager, Rancho Cordoba, CA (co-author of Reinventing Government)

Biennial Programme Budget 2010-2011 of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Download Biennial Programme Budget 2010-2011 of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biennial Programme Budget 2010-2011 of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees by : Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme

Download or read book Biennial Programme Budget 2010-2011 of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees written by Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Biennial Programme Budget 2010-2011 (revised) of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) presents consolidated revised budgetary requirements for the years 2010-2011."--(Source: page 2).

Annual Review of United Nations Affairs 2009/2010 VOLUME III

Download Annual Review of United Nations Affairs 2009/2010 VOLUME III PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 019975909X
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Annual Review of United Nations Affairs 2009/2010 VOLUME III by : Joachim Muller

Download or read book Annual Review of United Nations Affairs 2009/2010 VOLUME III written by Joachim Muller and published by . This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: a. The set generally Since the publication of its first edition in 1950, the Annual Review of United Nations Affairs has stood as the authoritative resource for scholars, students, and practitioners researching the latest developments of that august body. From the insightful introduction, prepared each year by a distinguished expert on UN affairs, to the full-text presentation of reports and resolutions and the helpful subject index, ARUNA provides a practical tour of each year's U.N.actions and debates. The expert selection of documents by Joachim Muller and Karl Sauvant and the topic-based organization of those documents make any researcher's task much easier than the vast searching, sorting, and pruning required by the U.N.'s website. The series' topic-based organization of the materials and subject index lend invaluable guidance to all researchers. ARUNA presents comprehensive documentation of the work of the UN on an annual basis, starting in September of each yearwith the beginning of the regular sessions of the General Assembly. Coverage of the UN's key organs is provided, including the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat. In addition, selected reports of intergovernmental bodies and expert groups are included. Solely official UN documentation is used. ARUNA occupies a special place in the publications on the work of the UN, as it allows readers toobtain an overview of the principal developments in its key organs. This makes it an important reference source for policy-makers and academic researchers. b. The 2009-2010 volumes This year's edition continues to focus on the world financial crisis and the reaction of the United Nations and the international financial system to that crisis. The Overview to this year's edition, written by Joachim Muller and Karl Sauvant, examines the changing role of the United Nations and explores waysin which the management of the financial crisis has impacted that role. The Introduction to this year's edition also examines the effects of this crisis; this Introduction is drawn from the "Report of the Commission of Experts of the President of the United Nations General Assembly on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System," as well as a slightly edited version of a Preface to that report written by Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz. The Introduction discusses the findings ofthe Commission and proposes the creation of a new institution, a Global Economic Coordination Council, which would be supported by an International Panel of Experts with a geographically diverse membership that would represent the interests of emerging and developing countries as well as those of developed countries. Dr. Joseph E. Stiglitz, who served as Chairman of the Commission and wrote the Preface to the Commission's Report, holds joint professorships at Columbia University's EconomicsDepartment and its Business School. He is also Co-founder and Co-President of the Initiative for Policy Dialogue. From 1997 to 2000 he was the World Bank's Senior Vice President for Development Economics and Chief Economist. From 1995 to 1997 he served as Chairman of the U.S. Council of Economic Advisers and as a member of President Clinton's cabinet. From 1993 to 1995 he was a member of the Council of Economic Advisers. He was previously a professor of economics at Stanford, Princeton, Yale,and All Souls College. Dr. Stiglitz is also a leading scholar of the economics of the public sector and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2001 in addition to the American Economic Association's biennial John Bates Clark Award in 1979. His recent publications include Freefall: America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy (2010), Making Globalization Work (2006), Fair Trade for All (2005), and Globalization and its Discontents (2002). The 2009-2010 volumes of ARUNA therefore also devote considerable attention to the financial crisis as well as other international crises. Among the documents in the 2009-2010 volumes are the complete General Assembly resolutions, as well as the Report and Resolutions of the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Annual Reports of note include reports of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the UN Development Programme and UN Population Fund, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the UN HighCommissioner for Refugees, the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, and the World Food Programme. Mr. Muller and Dr. Sauvant have also selected progress reports on key peacekeeping, peace-building, and political missions, including those for Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Iraq, the Middle East, Sudan, and West Africa. c. Volume III (this volume) This volume contains the following: Chapter 1: General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session (continued) 3. Resolutions Adopted by the General Assembly at Its Sixty-fourth Session (continued) (Resolutions 64/104 through 64/199) d. Guest Authors of previous years' editions Each annual edition of ARUNA is introduced by a Guest Author, a distinguished expert on UN affairs, who highlights the outstanding themes of the year in review. Together with an overview provided by the editors, this introduction is intended to facilitate access to the material and, above all, to make it easer for users of ARUNA to "see the forest for the trees." This year's ARUNA includes excerpts from the "Report of the Commission of Experts of the President of the United Nations General Assembly on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System" (21 Sept. 2009), and from a slightly edited version of a Preface to that report written by Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz. However, the roster of distinguished experts who have contributed this introduction in the past is also worthy of mention: Jose Antonio Ocampo: ARUNA 2008/2009 edition Professor Jose Antonio Ocampo is Co-President of the Initiative for Policy Dialogue. He is also Professor in the School of International and Public Affairs and Fellow of the Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University. Professor Ocampo previously held the positions of Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations for Economic and Social Affairs, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and Minister of Finance, Agriculture, and Planning of Colombia. In 2009, he was a member of the Commission of Experts of the President of the United Nations General Assembly on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System. Professor Ocampo is also the author of numerous books and articles on macroeconomics policy and theory, economic development, international trade, and economic history. His recent publications include Stability with Growth: Macroeconomics, Liberalization and Development, with Joseph E. Stiglitz, Shari Spiegel, Ricardo Ffrench-Davis and Deepak Nayyar (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006). Jeffrey D. Sachs: ARUNA 2007/2008 edition Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs is Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University and Special Advisor to the Secretary-General of the UN on the Millennium Development Goals. Professor Sachs's introduction to ARUNA 2007/2008 was titled "Towards a New Global Protocol on Climate Change," in which he arguedthat solving the climate change problem will demand four steps: scientific consensus, public awareness, the development of alternative technologies, and a global framework for action. He dealt, in particular, with the science underpinning the negotiations for a new global protocol on climate change, as a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. Professor Sachs argued that climate change crises can only be solved through the goals, leadership, and treaty mechanisms of the UN. Edward C. Luck: ARUNA 2006/2007 edition Professor Edward C. Luck is UN Special Advisor on the Responsibility to Protect and Vice President and Director of Studies at the International Peace Academy. From 1984 to 1994, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the UN Association of the USA (UNA-USA). Professor Luck's introduction to ARUNA 2006/2007 covered "The responsible sovereign and the responsibility to protect," in which he addressed the scope and content of what was agreed at the 2005 World Summit, the implications of the responsibility to protect (RtoP) for notions of state sovereignty, and some of the conceptual, architectural, and policy challenges then facing UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's commitment to "operationalizing" the responsibility to protect and translating it "from words to deeds." Louise Frechette: ARUNA 2005/2006 edition Ms Louise Frechette is Distinguished Fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario. Until March 2006, shewas the first Deputy Secretary-General of the UN; before that, she was Permanent Representative of Canada to the UN. Ms Frechette's introduction to ARUNA 2005/2006 covered "United Nations reform: an unfinished story." As the first Deputy Secretary-General of the UN, Ms Frechette was uniquely positioned to undertake a personal assessment of what has changed and what has not changed in the past decade at the UN and why. She examined if the UN is functioning better than it was 15 years ago, why reform is so difficult to achieve and what the future holds for the institutions. Rubens Ricupero: ARUNA 2004/2005 edition Mr Rubens Ricupero is Dean of the Fundacno Armando Alvares Penteado (FAAP), Sao Paulo and was formerly Secretary-General of UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and Minister of Finance of Brazil. Mr Ricupero's introduction to ARUNA 2004/2005 covered "The difficulty of building consensus in an age of extremes" and examined the mysteries of the negotiating process leading to the outcome of the 2005 World Summit. Rather than a "Grand Bargain" of a comprehensive UN reform in the areas of development, security and human rights, it is argued that the Summit ended more on a note of lamentation and regret over a missed opportunity. Mr Ricupero concludes that contrary to the daring proclamation at the outset by the Secretary-General, the conditions indispensable to succeed were not in place. Indeed, it was hard to imagine that an ambitious and balanced reform package for the UN could have had any real chance of succeeding.

The UN Secretariat's Influence on the Evolution of Peacekeeping

Download The UN Secretariat's Influence on the Evolution of Peacekeeping PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137309350
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The UN Secretariat's Influence on the Evolution of Peacekeeping by : S. Weinlich

Download or read book The UN Secretariat's Influence on the Evolution of Peacekeeping written by S. Weinlich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a unique analytical framework, the UN Secretariat's Influence on the Evolution of Peacekeeping reveals deep insights in the UN's peacekeeping decision-making and shows that even international bureaucracies with limited autonomy can shape international politics.

Annual Review of United Nations Affairs

Download Annual Review of United Nations Affairs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Annual Review of United Nations Affairs by : Clyde Eagleton

Download or read book Annual Review of United Nations Affairs written by Clyde Eagleton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains the proceedings of the 1st- Institute for Annual Review of United Nations Affairs, New York University, 1949-

Index to Proceedings of the General Assembly 2009/2010

Download Index to Proceedings of the General Assembly 2009/2010 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UN
ISBN 13 : 9789211012392
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (123 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Index to Proceedings of the General Assembly 2009/2010 by : United Nations

Download or read book Index to Proceedings of the General Assembly 2009/2010 written by United Nations and published by UN. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Subject Index is a valuable guide for anyone interested in the work of the General Assembly. It offers sessional information; a check-list of meetings; information on pricipal organs and subsidiary bodies to which members were elected or appointed; a subject list of documents; reports of the main and procedural committees; resolutions and decisions adopted; and a voting chart.

Advocacy and Change in International Organizations

Download Advocacy and Change in International Organizations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192671987
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advocacy and Change in International Organizations by : Kseniya Oksamytna

Download or read book Advocacy and Change in International Organizations written by Kseniya Oksamytna and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-09 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do international organizations change? Many organizations expand into new areas or abandon programmes of work. Advocacy and Change in International Organizations argues that they do so not only at the collective direction of member states. Advocacy is a crucial but overlooked source of change in international organizations. Different actors can advocate for change: national diplomats, international bureaucrats, external experts, or civil society activists. They can use one of three advocacy strategies: social pressure, persuasion, and 'authority talk'. The success of each strategy depends on the presence of favourable conditions related to characteristics of advocates, targets, issues, and context. Institutionalization of new issues in international organizations as a multi-stage process, often accompanied by contestation. This book demonstrates how the advocacy-focused framework explains the origins of three workstreams of contemporary UN peacekeeping operations: communication, protection, and reconstruction. The issue of strategic communications was promoted by UN officials through the strategy of persuasion. Protection of civilians emerged due to a partially successful social influence campaign by a coalition of elected Security Council members and a subsequent (and successful) persuasion efforts by Canada. Quick impact projects entered peacekeepers' practice as the result of 'authority talk' by an expert panel. The three issues illustrate the diversity of pathways to change in international organizations, representing the top-down, bottom-up, and outside-in pathways. Moreover, they have achieved different degrees of institutionalization in UN's policies, structures, and frameworks: protection of civilians is the most institutionalized, as evidenced by measures to hold peacekeepers accountable for non-implementation, while quick impact projects are the least institutionalized.

Report of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation on Its Thirty-fifth Session, Held in Durban from 28 November to 3 December 2011

Download Report of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation on Its Thirty-fifth Session, Held in Durban from 28 November to 3 December 2011 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Report of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation on Its Thirty-fifth Session, Held in Durban from 28 November to 3 December 2011 by : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Organization)

Download or read book Report of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation on Its Thirty-fifth Session, Held in Durban from 28 November to 3 December 2011 written by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Organization) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Financial Services and General Government Appropriations for 2011, Part 4, February 2010, 111-2 Hearings

Download Financial Services and General Government Appropriations for 2011, Part 4, February 2010, 111-2 Hearings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1932 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Financial Services and General Government Appropriations for 2011, Part 4, February 2010, 111-2 Hearings by :

Download or read book Financial Services and General Government Appropriations for 2011, Part 4, February 2010, 111-2 Hearings written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 1932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Journal of the Assembly, Legislature of the State of California

Download Journal of the Assembly, Legislature of the State of California PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1180 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Journal of the Assembly, Legislature of the State of California by : California. Legislature. Assembly

Download or read book Journal of the Assembly, Legislature of the State of California written by California. Legislature. Assembly and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Report of the Director General to the 2010 WIPO Assemblies

Download Report of the Director General to the 2010 WIPO Assemblies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : WIPO
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Report of the Director General to the 2010 WIPO Assemblies by : World Intellectual Property Organization

Download or read book Report of the Director General to the 2010 WIPO Assemblies written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2010-09-26 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report of the Director General to the 2010 WIPO Assemblies

Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly During Its Sixty-Sixth Session

Download Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly During Its Sixty-Sixth Session PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : General Assembly Official Reco
ISBN 13 : 9789218202703
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (27 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly During Its Sixty-Sixth Session by : United Nations

Download or read book Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly During Its Sixty-Sixth Session written by United Nations and published by General Assembly Official Reco. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents the resolutions and decisions adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations during its sessions. The report indicates the allocation of agenda items; contains a list of principal and subsidiary organs with reference to their composition; and includes a list of conventions, declarations, and other instruments.

Public Budgeting Systems

Download Public Budgeting Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1449627900
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (496 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Public Budgeting Systems by : Robert D. Lee

Download or read book Public Budgeting Systems written by Robert D. Lee and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its Ninth Edition, Public Budgeting Systems is a complete and balanced reference that surveys the current state of budgeting throughout all levels of the United States government. The text emphasizes methods by which financial decisions are reached within a system as well as ways in which different types of information are used in budgetary decision-making. It also stresses the use of program information, since, for decades, budget reforms have sought to introduce greater program considerations into financial decisions. The Ninth Edition has been updated to give particular attention to several recent developments in public budgeting and finance including: - Steps that have been taken by governments to battle the effects of the "Great Recession" and to enhance economic recovery. In the US, this includes the actions of the Federal Reserve as well as legislative efforts, such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. - Significant increase in use of fiscal policy tools to stimulate economic recovery, in contrast to most recent previous 20 year period. - The federal government's direct role in the operations of the private sector will be explored. The government has become a major stockholder and therefore has a financial stake in seeing that corporations succeed. - Unprecedented federal deficits, as well as extreme budgetary challenges at the state and local level, including a discussion of causes and possible solutions. - Other changes during the Obama presidency, including the passage of comprehensive health care reform and changes in the management agenda. - Continued developments in financial and debt management, including additional GASB requirements and the effects of the recent economic contraction on the borrowing prospects for state and local governments. - Additional recognition of the effects of the global economy, resulting in an increase in the pages devoted to discussing international examples.

From Stimulus to Consolidation

Download From Stimulus to Consolidation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1455217611
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (552 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis From Stimulus to Consolidation by : Juan Toro R.

Download or read book From Stimulus to Consolidation written by Juan Toro R. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-10-06 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper identifies policy tools that could be used for fiscal consolidation in advanced and emerging economies in the years ahead. The consolidation strategy, particularly in advanced countries, should aim to stabilize age-related spending in relation to GDP, reduce non-age-related expenditure ratios, and increase revenues. Bold reforms are needed to offset projected increases in age-related spending, particularly health care. On the revenue side, measures could include improving tax compliance, for example through better international cooperation, as well as increasing the yield from VAT by eliminating exemptions and reduced rates, further developing property taxes, and increasing excise rates within the range of rates already applicable in comparable countries.