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Brazilian Labor Markets In The 90s
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Book Synopsis Brazilian Labor Markets in the 90s by : Lauro Ramos
Download or read book Brazilian Labor Markets in the 90s written by Lauro Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents an overview of the metropolitan labor markets performance in Brazil along the 1990s, including the years of 2001 and 2002. The importance of that period in the evolution of the Brazilian job market is due to the decisive transformations that took place in the Brazilian economy - trade liberalization and the implementation of the stabilization being the most important ones - as well as in the international economic scenario. The introduction attempts to place the decade in this context. The second section presents the evolution of the five main labor market indicators, based upon the information disclosed by the monthly employment survey - PME/IBGE. - throughout those years. The third section relates these indicators to the specific economic contexts within that period. In the fourth section a more disaggregated inspection is carried out, mainly in terms of age, gender and education. Overall remarks are presented in the final sections.
Book Synopsis Migration and Human Capital in Brazil During the 1990s by : Norbert M. Fiess
Download or read book Migration and Human Capital in Brazil During the 1990s written by Norbert M. Fiess and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Brazilian Labour Market in the 1990s by : Leonardo Trevisan
Download or read book The Brazilian Labour Market in the 1990s written by Leonardo Trevisan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial Dynamics of Labor Markets in Brazil by : Kenneth M. Chomitz
Download or read book Spatial Dynamics of Labor Markets in Brazil written by Kenneth M. Chomitz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There was substantial spatial variation in labor market outcomes in Brazil over the 1990s. In 2000, about one-fifth of workers lived in apparently economically stagnant municipios where real wages declined but employment increased faster than the national population growth rate. More than one-third lived in apparently dynamic municipios, experiencing both real wage growth and faster-than-average employment growth. These areas absorbed more than half of net employment growth over the period. To elucidate this spatial variation, the authors estimate spatial labor supply and demand equations describing wage and employment changes of Brazilian municipios. They use Conley's spatial GMM technique to allow for instrumental variable estimation in the presence of spatially autocorrelated errors. The main findings include: (1) a very strong influence of initial workforce educational levels on subsequent wage growth (controlling for possibly confounding variables such as remoteness and climate); (2) evidence of positive spillover effects of own-municipio growth onto neighbors' wage and employment levels; (3) an exodus from farming areas; (4) relatively elastic response of wages to an increase in labor supply; and (5) evidence of a local multiplier effect from government transfers.
Book Synopsis Spatial Dynamics of Labor Markets in Brazil by :
Download or read book Spatial Dynamics of Labor Markets in Brazil written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There was substantial spatial variation in labor market outcomes in Brazil over the 1990s. In 2000, about one-fifth of workers lived in apparently economically stagnant municipios where real wages declined but employment increased faster than the national population growth rate. More than one-third lived in apparently dynamic municipios, experiencing both real wage growth and faster-than-average employment growth. These areas absorbed more than half of net employment growth over the period. To elucidate this spatial variation, the authors estimate spatial labor supply and demand equations describing wage and employment changes of Brazilian municipios. They use Conley's spatial GMM technique to allow for instrumental variable estimation in the presence of spatially autocorrelated errors. The main findings include: (1) a very strong influence of initial workforce educational levels on subsequent wage growth (controlling for possibly confounding variables such as remoteness and climate); (2) evidence of positive spillover effects of own-municipio growth onto neighbors' wage and employment levels; (3) an exodus from farming areas; (4) relatively elastic response of wages to an increase in labor supply; and (5) evidence of a local multiplier effect from government transfers.
Book Synopsis Migration and Human Capital in Brazil During the 1990s by : Norbert M. Fiess
Download or read book Migration and Human Capital in Brazil During the 1990s written by Norbert M. Fiess and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brazil written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, conducted jointly by researchers in Brazil and at the World Bank, aims to address the debate on how the Brazilian labor market functions. It does so not by focusing on labor market functioning but on its outcomes. What is central are labor market outcomes, such as adequate employment growth so that job-seekers can find gainful employment, acceptable worker productivity levels that are fairly compensated, and reasonable income security for workers and their households. This report is structured as follows: Chapter 1 argues that labor laws have begun to show signs of obsolescence. Chapter 2 shows this is reflected in deteriorating outcomes. Key indicators--employment growth, labor force participation, unemployment rates, and income security--all point to worsening labor market functioning since the mid-1990s. The report then examines how changed macroeconomic circumstances call for changes in labor market institutions, regulations, and interventions. Using a characterization of the economy in which informality has a central role, Chapter 3 illustrates the correspondence between the three main macroeconomic phenomena of the 1990s--greater openness, stabilization, and fiscal adjustment--and Brazil's labor market priorities. Chapter 4 concludes that the labor market has signaled the shortage of educated workers since the 1990s, and the onus is now on the education and training systems to respond. Analysis of how Brazil's labor market functions in Chapter 5 points to evidence that indicates that Brazil's poorer workers and smaller firms are especially disadvantaged by how the labor market functions. The report identifies three sets of priorities for reform: changes in mandated non-wage benefits and minimum wage setting to price labor correctly and encourage empoloyment growth (Chapter 6), changes in severance legislation and functioning of labor courts to better align incentives and increase productivity (Chapter 7), and improvements in interventions to increase income security for all workers (Chapter 8). Chapter 9 summarizes and highlights the main policy implications. Volume 2 contains in-depth examination of the issues of interest in Brazil and the relevant international experience, on which Chapters 1 through 8 of the first volume are based.
Book Synopsis Trade Reform and Regional Dynamics by : Rafael Dix-Carneiro
Download or read book Trade Reform and Regional Dynamics written by Rafael Dix-Carneiro and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper empirically studies the dynamics of labor market adjustment following the Brazilian trade reform of the 1990s. The paper uses variation in industry-specific tariffcuts interacted with initial regional industry mix to measure trade-induced local labor demand shocks and examines regional and individual labor market responses to those one-time shocks over two decades. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the analysis does not find that the impact of local shocks is dissipated over time through wage-equalizing migration. Instead, it finds steadily growing effects of local shocks on regional formal sector wages and employment for 20 years. This finding can be rationalized in a simple equilibrium model with two complementary factors of production, labor and industry-specific factors such as capital, that adjust slowly and imperfectly to shocks. Next, the paper documents rich margins of adjustment induced by the trade reform at the regional and individual levels. Workers initially employed in harder hit regions face continuously deteriorating formal labor market outcomes relative to workers employed in less affcted regions, and this gap persists even 20 years after the beginning of trade liberalization. Negative local trade shocks induce workers to shift out of the formal tradable sector and into the formal nontradable sector. Non-employment strongly increases in harder hit regions in the medium run, but in the longer run, non-employed workers eventually find re-employment in the informal sector. Working age population does not react to these local shocks, but formal sector net migration does, consistent with the relative decline of the formal sector and growth of the informal sector in adversely affected regions.
Download or read book Brazil written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, conducted jointly by researchers in Brazil and at the World Bank, aims to address the debate on how the Brazilian labor market functions. It does so not by focusing on labor market functioning but on its outcomes. What is central are labor market outcomes, such as adequate employment growth so that job-seekers can find gainful employment, acceptable worker productivity levels that are fairly compensated, and reasonable income security for workers and their households. This report is structured as follows: Chapter 1 argues that labor laws have begun to show signs of obsolescence. Chapter 2 shows this is reflected in deteriorating outcomes. Key indicators--employment growth, labor force participation, unemployment rates, and income security--all point to worsening labor market functioning since the mid-1990s. The report then examines how changed macroeconomic circumstances call for changes in labor market institutions, regulations, and interventions. Using a characterization of the economy in which informality has a central role, Chapter 3 illustrates the correspondence between the three main macroeconomic phenomena of the 1990s--greater openness, stabilization, and fiscal adjustment--and Brazil's labor market priorities. Chapter 4 concludes that the labor market has signaled the shortage of educated workers since the 1990s, and the onus is now on the education and training systems to respond. Analysis of how Brazil's labor market functions in Chapter 5 points to evidence that indicates that Brazil's poorer workers and smaller firms are especially disadvantaged by how the labor market functions. The report identifies three sets of priorities for reform: changes in mandated non-wage benefits and minimum wage setting to price labor correctly and encourage empoloyment growth (Chapter 6), changes in severance legislation and functioning of labor courts to better align incentives and increase productivity (Chapter 7), and improvements in interventions to increase income security for all workers (Chapter 8). Chapter 9 summarizes and highlights the main policy implications. Volume 2 contains in-depth examination of the issues of interest in Brazil and the relevant international experience, on which Chapters 1 through 8 of the first volume are based.
Book Synopsis Spartial dynamics of labor markets in Brazil by :
Download or read book Spartial dynamics of labor markets in Brazil written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Crises, Policies, and Growth in Brazil, 1964-90 by : Donald V. Coes
Download or read book Macroeconomic Crises, Policies, and Growth in Brazil, 1964-90 written by Donald V. Coes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 269. Water problems are emerging as the most compelling set of issues facing agricultural production in the 1990s. To address the policy challenges posed by this dilemma, this study focuses on the experience of the European Community (now the European Union, or EU) where high levels of nitrate, phosphate, and pesticides in surface and groundwater are a source of increasing concern. The author examines agricultural and water quality-related environmental policies at the EU and national levels, and discusses new policy approaches that attempt to integrate agricultural and environmental considerations. This study thus provides insights into policy options for controlling agricultural water pollution that might be useful in other parts of the world.
Book Synopsis The Third Dimension of Labor Markets by : Francisco Galrão Carneiro
Download or read book The Third Dimension of Labor Markets written by Francisco Galrão Carneiro and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the relationship between labour market institutions, its functioning and outcomes.
Book Synopsis Capitalist Control and Workers' Struggle in the Brazilian Auto Industry by : John Humphrey
Download or read book Capitalist Control and Workers' Struggle in the Brazilian Auto Industry written by John Humphrey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A case study of the largest industrial concentration in Latin America, this work shows how the unique situation of auto workers led them to articulate demands relevant for the whole working class. By exploring a concrete situation in two specific plants, the author clarifies the nature of work in modern industry. Originally published in 1982. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Labor Contestation at Walmart Brazil by : Scott B. Martin
Download or read book Labor Contestation at Walmart Brazil written by Scott B. Martin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how and why the labor practices of the world’s largest employer, supermarket giant Walmart, were contested by unions and government regulators as it expanded to Latin America starting in the 1990s. With an in-depth case study of Brazil, and a comparative chapter examining Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, this book analyzes the problematic encounter between diffusion of home-office anti-labor practices and evolving national institutional contexts that are quite varied and in some cases enable considerable resistance by unions and/or regulators. Walmart’s “repressive familial” and “anti-union” model is found to generate costs and conflicts that contributed to its unprofitability and ultimate exit from Brazil in 2018. This experience, contrasted with country situations where Walmart’s overall competitive and labor and human resource practices “fit” better with national markets and institutions, underlines the brittle, problematic nature of diffusionist corporate models lacking adaptive capacity to significant cross-national variations across host countries.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Globalization on Brazilian Labor Market During the 1990's by : Fernando Coelho Neto
Download or read book The Effects of Globalization on Brazilian Labor Market During the 1990's written by Fernando Coelho Neto and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Local Labor Market Conditions and Crime by : Rafael Dix-Carneiro
Download or read book Local Labor Market Conditions and Crime written by Rafael Dix-Carneiro and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the effect of local labor market conditions on crime in a developing country with high crime rates. Contrary to the previous literature, which has focused exclusively on developed countries with relatively low crime rates, we find that labor market conditions have a strong effect on homicides. We exploit the 1990s trade liberalization in Brazil as a natural experiment generating exogenous shocks to local labor demand. Regions facing more negative shocks experience large relative increases in crime rates in the medium term, but these effects virtually disappear in the long term. This pattern mirrors the labor market responses to the trade shocks. Using the trade liberalization episode to design an instrumental variables strategy, we find that a 10% reduction in expected labor market earnings (employment rate × earnings) leads to a 39% increase in homicide rates. Our results highlight an additional dimension of adjustment costs following trade shocks that has so far been overlooked in the literature.
Book Synopsis Reforming the Labor Market in a Liberalized Economy by : Gustavo Márquez
Download or read book Reforming the Labor Market in a Liberalized Economy written by Gustavo Márquez and published by IDB. This book was released on 1995 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition, countries must produce a transparent atmosphere that depoliticizes contract disputes and negotiations. Finally, they must reform and strengthen institutions responsible for labor policies.
