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Author : Amy Jo Marcano-Reik
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781634849593
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (495 download)
Download or read book Brain and Spinal Cord Plasticity written by Amy Jo Marcano-Reik and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael M. Patterson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461514371
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Spinal Cord Plasticity written by Michael M. Patterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of spinal cord plasticity has become a very actively researched field. The spinal cord has long been known to organize reflex patterns and serve as the major transmission pathway for sensory and motor nerve impulses. However, the role of the spinal cord in information processing and in experience driven alterations is generally not recognized. With recent advances in neural recording techniques, behavioral technologies and neural tracing and imaging methods has come the ability to better assess the role of the spinal cord in behavioral control and alteration. The discoveries in recent years have been revolutionary. Alterations due to nociceptive inputs, simple learning paradigms and repetitive inputs have now been documented and their mechanisms are being elucidated. These findings have important clinical implications. The development of pathological pain after a spinal cord injury likely depends on the sensitization of neurons within the spinal cord. The capacity of the spinal cord to change as a function of experience, and adapt to new environmental relations, also affects the recovery locomotive function after a spinal cord injury. Mechanisms within the spinal cord can support stepping and the capacity for this behavior depends on behavioral training. By taking advantage of the plasticity inherent within the spinal cord, rehabilitative procedures may foster the recovery of function.
Author : F.J. Seil
Publisher : Progress in Brain Research
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Regeneration written by F.J. Seil and published by Progress in Brain Research. This book was released on 2000-10-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While a cure for spinal cord injury remains elusive, the contents of this volume convey a sense of progress towards this goal. More has been learned about the primary and secondary consequences of spinal cord injury and more is being understood about recovery mechanisms that are intrinsic to the nervous system and that might be further encouraged. Expanding the control capacity of uninjured portions of the nervous system may be one approach to improving the functional capabilities of those afflicted with this disorder. New therapies in the form of transplantable cells that can encourage growth or myelination or prevent secondary damage or that can substitute for injured cells appear promising for future applications. Genetic and tissue engineering studies give us further hope, and under continuous development are novel drugs with greater specificity and fewer detrimental effects and improved delivery methods for such drugs. The volume is organized into six topic sections, including I) Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury Repair, II) Plasticity of the Injured Spinal Cord: Retraining Neural Circuits to Promote Motor Recovery, III) Impact of Neuroprosthetic Applications on Functional Recovery, IV) Neurotrophins and Activity-Dependent Plasticity, V) Candidate Cells for Transplantation into the Injured CNS and VI) New Directions in Regeneration Research. Both clinical and experimental animal studies are presented in the first three sections, while predominantly basic research is the focus of the second half of the book.
Author : Audrey N. Kusiak
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128077921
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Neurological Rehabilitation written by Audrey N. Kusiak and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once thought to be rigidly wired, the spinal cord now is understood to display significant plastic properties, which are manifest as both physiological and structural alterations in response to changes in patterns of use, disuse, and damage. Activity-dependent increases in responsiveness of spinal cord circuits are now thought to underlie or contribute importantly to the hyperalgesia that often follows neurological injuries, the physical therapy-induced improvement in walking and running seen in patients with stroke and spinal cord injury, skill acquisition in normal children, and several other phenomena. Physiological mechanisms underlying spinal cord plasticity include denervation supersensitivity, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and habituation. Anatomical plasticity seen in the spinal cord after partial injuries includes collateral sprouting of spared axons in response to injury of neighboring axons, and dendritic remodeling in response to loss of regionally segregated synaptic inputs. A form of neuroplasticity that is seen in the peripheral nerves and in the spinal cord of some cold-blooded animals, but not in the central nervous system of birds or mammals, is axon regeneration. It is often difficult to distinguish between regeneration of injured axons and collateral sprouting of neighboring uninjured axons, but the distinction could be very important, especially in the case of complete spinal cord injuries. Several instances of treatment-induced axonal changes that were originally thought to indicate regeneration have turned out to be collateral sprouting. There is reason to suspect that the molecular mechanisms that underlie these two phenomena are different, and, if so, therapeutic approaches to enhancing them may also prove to be very different.
Author : Lyandysha Viktorovna Zholudeva
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128192615
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Spinal Interneurons written by Lyandysha Viktorovna Zholudeva and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spinal cord is comprised of four types of neurons: motor neurons, pre-ganglionic neurons, ascending projection neurons, and spinal interneurons. Interneurons are neurons that process information within local circuits, and have an incredible ability for neuroplasticity, whether due to persistent activity, neural injury, or in response to disease. Although, by definition, their axons are restricted to the same structure as the soma (in this case the spinal cord), spinal interneurons are capable of sprouting and rewiring entire neural circuits, and contribute to some restoration of disrupted neural communication after injury to the spinal cord (i.e., “bypassing the lesion site). Spinal Interneurons provides a focused overview of how scientists classify interneurons in general, the techniques used to identify subsets of interneurons, their roles in specific neural circuits, and the scientific evidence for their neuroplasticity. Understanding the capacity for neuroplasticity and identity of specific spinal interneurons that are optimal for recovery, may help determine cellular candidates for developing therapies. Spinal Interneurons provides neuroscientists, clinicians, and trainees a reference book exclusively concentrating on spinal interneurons, the techniques and experiments employed to identify and study these cells as part of normal and compromised neural circuits, and highlights the therapeutic potential of these cells by presenting the relevant pre-clinical and clinical work to date. People in industry will also benefit from this book, which compiles the latest in therapeutic strategies for targeting spinal interneurons, what considerations there are for the development and use of treatments, and how such treatments can not only be translated to the clinic, but how existing treatments should be appropriately reverse-translated to the bench. Comprehensive overview of techniques used to identify, characterize, and classify spinal interneurons and their role in neural circuits Description of the role that spinal interneurons play in mediating plasticity after compromise to spinal neural networks In-depth discussion of therapeutic potential of spinal interneurons for spinal cord injury and/or disease
Author : Rommy von Bernhardi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319628178
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book The Plastic Brain written by Rommy von Bernhardi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the many factors that can influence brain plasticity throughout the lifespan. Addresses perinatal plasticity, functional state plasticity, injury-induced plasticity, and stressor-induced plasticity. Because it looks at so many aspects of the field, this volume will serve as a great resource for students as well as researchers interested in expanding their knowledge. The volume comes out as an integrated view based in the expertise of Ibero American neuroscientists working in the field.
Author : Lyandysha Viktorovna Zholudeva
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128192607
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Spinal Interneurons written by Lyandysha Viktorovna Zholudeva and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-15 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinal Interneurons: Plasticity after Spinal Cord Injury provides neuroscientists, clinicians and trainees a reference book exclusively concentrating on spinal interneurons and the techniques and experiments employed to identify and study these cells as part of normal, diseased and injured neural circuits. In addition, the book highlights the therapeutic potential of these cells by presenting relevant pre-clinical and clinical work that has been performed. The book's focus on the latest in therapeutic strategies for targeting spinal interneurons, considerations for the development and use of treatments, and how such treatments work make this a comprehensive source of information. Provides a comprehensive overview of the techniques used to identify, characterize and classify spinal interneurons and their role in neural circuits Presents an in-depth discussion of the therapeutic potential of spinal interneurons for SCI injury and/or disease Represents the first book to discuss spinal interneurons and translational research
Author : Jean-Didier Vincent
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231534213
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book The Custom-Made Brain written by Jean-Didier Vincent and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two leading neuroscientists examine how the brain is in flux and how this applies to addressing neurological, cognitive, and emotional health. Beginning with a survey of the fundamental scientific developments that led to our current understanding of the regenerative mind, the authors elucidate the breakthrough neurobiological studies that paved the way for our present understanding of the brain’s plasticity and regenerative capabilities. They then discuss the application of these findings to such issues as depression, dyslexia, schizophrenia, and cognitive therapy, incorporating the latest technologies in neuroimaging, optogenetics, and nanotechnology. Their work shows the brain is anything but a static organ, ceasing to grow as human beings become adults. Rather, the brain is dynamic, evolving organically in relation to physical, cultural, historical, and affective stimuli, a plasticity that provides early hope to survivors of trauma and degenerative disorders. “Highly informative, up to date, and entertaining, The Custom-Made Brain emphasizes that the brain is constantly being constructed during an individual’s lifetime, like a medieval cathedral that is never finished and yet ages without reaching ‘maturity.’ The brain, like the cathedral, is forever being repaired and restored. A stimulating read.” —Israel Rosenfield, City University of New York, author of The Invention of Memory: A New View of the Brain “This short account succeeds in an original and thought-provoking manner. It will become a valuable resource for clinicians who manage the care of those disabled by stroke, brain injury, or dementia. Many young scientists will be encouraged to take up the challenge of brain repair in the face of decades of therapeutic pessimism.” —Lawrence Whalley, University of Aberdeen, author of The Aging Brain
Author : Alexander Rabchevsky
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889193969
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Plasticity of primary afferent neurons and sensory processing after spinal cord injury written by Alexander Rabchevsky and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic injury of the spinal cord affects the entire organism directly and indirectly. Primary injury destroys neurons and severs axons which participate in neural circuits. Secondary injuries and pathologies arise from numerous sources including systemic inflammation, consequential damage of cutaneous, muscular, and visceral tissues, and dysregulation of autonomic, endocrine and sensory- motor functions. Evidence is mounting that spinal cord injury (SCI) affects regions of the nervous system spatially remote from the injury site, as well as peripheral tissues, and alters some basic characteristics of primary afferent cell biology and physiology (cell number, size/frequency, electrophysiology, other). The degree of afferent input and processing above the lesion is generally intact, while that in the peri-lesion area is highly variable, though pathologies emerge in both regions, including a variety of pain syndromes. Primary afferent input to spinal regions below the injury and the processing of this information becomes even more important in the face of complete or partial loss of descending input because such spared sensory processing can lead to both adaptive and pathological outcomes. This issue hosts review and research articles considering mechanisms of plasticity of primary afferent neurons and sensory processing after SCI, and how such plasticity contributes to sparing and/or recovery of functions, as well as exacerbation of existing and/or emergent pathologies. A critical issue for the majority of the SCI community is chronic above-, peri-, and below-level neuropathic pain, much of which may arise, at least in part, from plasticity of afferent fibers and nociceptive circuitry. For example, autonomic dysreflexia is common hypertensive syndrome that often develops after SCI that is highly reliant on maladaptive nociceptive sensory input and processing below the lesion. Moreover, the loss of descending input leaves the reflexive components of bladder/bowel/sexual function uncoordinated and susceptible to a variety of effects through afferent fiber plasticity. Finally, proper afferent feedback is vital for the effectiveness of activity-dependent rehabilitative therapies, but aberrant nociceptive input may interfere with these approaches since they are often unchecked due to loss of descending modulation.
Author : Aage R. Møller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139447998
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System written by Aage R. Møller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System provides comprehensive coverage of the pathophysiology of neurological disorders emphasising those disorders where expression of plasticity is evident. Including the basis for the expression of neural plasticity; how reorganisation of the nervous system can cause hyperactivity in sensory systems producing central neuropathic pain, tinnitus and paresthesia; the role of little-known non-classical pathways in pain and sensory disorders and their subcortical connections; hyper- and hypoactivity of motor systems after injury, and the role of spinal reflexes and internal processing in the spinal cord. Phantom symptoms and disorders of nerves and associated disorders are discussed, along with disorders that can be cured by microvascular decompression operations. A detailed and comprehensive description of the organisation of pain circuits and sensory and motor nervous systems is also included. This 2006 text is aimed at students and graduates of neuroscience and medicine.
Author : Hans Flohr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642738494
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Post-Lesion Neural Plasticity written by Hans Flohr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural networks are not rigidly wired but rather highly plastic structures, the functional architecture of which can be actively reorganized in response to external or internal events. Lesions of such networks induce plastic processes which in time may lead to a recovery of the initially disrupted function. This type of neural plasticity is the main focus of the book, which presents a broad spectrum of experimental paradigms for lesion-induced plasticity as in the spinal cord, the vestibular, oculomotor, visual and olfactory system, the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex, including recent methodological developments. Concepts and perspectives in understanding neural plasticity are reported in reviews and original research reports and are thoroughly discussed.
Author : Katinka Stecina
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889669165
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Propriospinal Neurons: Essential Elements in Locomotion, Autonomic Function and Plasticity after Spinal Cord Injury and Disease written by Katinka Stecina and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Donald G. Stein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461309271
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury written by Donald G. Stein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there are over 400,000 people each year in the United States alone who suffer from traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS), no phar macological treatment is currently available. Considering the enormity of the problem in terms of human tragedy as well as the economic burden to families and societies alike, it is surprising that so little effort is being made to develop treatments for these disorders. Although no one can become inured to the victims of brain or spinal cord injuries, one reason that insufficient time and effort have been devoted to research on recovery is that it is a generally held medical belief that nervous system injuries are simply not amenable to treatment. At best, current therapies are aimed at providing symptomatic relief or focus on re habilitative measures and the teaching of alternative behavioral strategies to help patients cope with their impairments, with only marginal results in many cases. Only within the last decade have neuroscientists begun to make serious inroads into understanding and examining the inherent "plasticity" found in the adult CNS. Ten years or so ago, very few researchers or clinicians would have thought that damaged central neurons could sprout new terminals or that intact nerve fibers in a damaged pathway could proliferate to replace inputs from neurons that died as a result of injury.
Author : H. Flohr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642680747
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Lesion-Induced Neuronal Plasticity in Sensorimotor Systems written by H. Flohr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensorimotor systems are not rigidly wired predetermined networks but rather highly plastic structures that learn and modify their entire performance in response to changes in external or internal conditions. Lesions or distortions of the system's input, which initially cause a functional disorganization, induce an active reorganization which often leads to a recovery of function. Examples of lesion-induced neural plasticity have been known for some hundred years; however, an awareness of their value as research tools is relatively new. This current interest is a consequence of rapid ly changing ideas concerning the nature of CNS organization. Out of these, concepts are emerging which describe neural nets as modifiable, highly dynamic, self-organizing structures. This trend is clearly reflected in this volume, which contains the proceedings of a symposium held in Bremen in July 1980 as a satellite meeting of the XXVIIIth International Congress of Physiological Sciences. The first part of this conference was devoted to some gen eral aspects of plasticity, discussing the current theories of functional recovery as well as morphological, neurochemical, physiological, molecular, and ontogenetic aspects. The second part dealt with lesion induced plasticity in specific sensorimotor systems of the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex.
Author : Christopher A. Shaw
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134949413
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)
Download or read book Toward a Theory of Neuroplasticity written by Christopher A. Shaw and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad survey of many of the major areas in neuroplasticity research by leading investigators in the field. The topics considered range across all levels of nervous system organization from the molecular to behavioral levels for species ranging from C. elegans to humans. In addition, the effects of development and neuropathological events are discussed. A final summary chapter synthesizes the data gathered in this volume in order to provide the basis for a general theory of neuroplasticity.
Author : Raymond D. Lund
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195023084
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (23 download)
Download or read book Development and Plasticity of the Brain written by Raymond D. Lund and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1978 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the development and maintenance of organization in the nervous system of vertebrates, emphasizing the dynamic properties of nerve cells.
Author : Paola S. Timiras
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468480472
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Plasticity and Regeneration of the Nervous System written by Paola S. Timiras and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Institute of Developmental Neuroscience and Aging, held in Torino, Italy, April 5-7, 1990
