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Author : Karl H. Frinkle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (621 download)
Download or read book Bose-Einstein Condensates in the Presence of an Optical Lattice and Magnetic Trap written by Karl H. Frinkle and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Russell Campbell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Localisation of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices written by Russell Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of Bose-Einstein condensates can be studied and controlled effectively when trapped in optical lattices formed by two counter-propagating laser beams. The dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices are well-described by a continuous model using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a modulated potential or, in the case of deep potentials, a discrete model using the Discrete Nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Spatially localised modes, known as lattice solitons in the continuous model, or discrete breathers in the discrete model, can occur and are the focus of this thesis. Theoretical and computational studies of these localised modes are investigated in three different situations. Firstly, a model of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a ring optical lattice with atomic dissipations applied at a stationary or at a moving location on the ring is presented in the continuous model. The localised dissipation is shown to generate and stabilise both stationary and traveling lattice solitons. The solutions generated include spatially stationary quasiperiodic lattice solitons and a family of traveling lattice solitons with two intensity peaks per potential well with no counterpart in the discrete case. Collisions between traveling and stationary lattice solitons as well as between two traveling lattice solitons display a dependence on the lattice depth. Then, collisions with a potential barrier of either travelling lattice solitons or travelling discrete breathers are investigated along with their dependence on the height of the barrier. Regions of complete reection or of partial reflection where the incoming soliton/breather is split in two, are observed and understood interms of the soliton properties. Partial trapping of the atoms in the barrier is observed for positive barrier heights due to the negative effective mass of the solitons/breathers. Finally, two coupled discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equations can describe the interaction and collisions of breathers in two-species Bose-Einstein condensates in deep optical lattices. This is done for two cases of experimental relevance: a mixture of two ytterbium isotopes and a mixture of Rubidium (87Rb) and Potassium(41K) atoms. Depending on their initial separation, interaction between stationary breathers of different species can lead to the formation of symbiotic localised structures or transform one of the breathers from a stationary one into a travelling one. Collisions between travelling and stationary discrete breathers composed of different species are separated in four distinct regimes ranging from totally elastic when the interspecies interaction is highly attractive to mutual destruction when the interaction is suffciently large and repulsive.
Author : S. Martellucci
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Bose-Einstein Condensates and Atom Lasers written by S. Martellucci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Physics researchers survey the methods used to produce, manipulate, and study the condensate in dilute atomic gases, which have generated a lot of excitement since their experimental demonstration in 1995. They emphasize the anticipated development of new types of sources for the novel macroscopic quantum system of coherent atoms. Such sources are looking more and more similar to the various types of lasers--pulsed, CW, mode locked--and likely to produce a revolution similar to that sparked by lasers four decades previously. The 23 papers comprise the proceedings of an international school of quantum electronics held in Erice, Italy in October 1999. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Author : Panayotis G. Kevrekidis
Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 1611973937
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (119 download)
Download or read book The Defocusing Nonlinear Schr?dinger Equation written by Panayotis G. Kevrekidis and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bose?Einstein condensation is a phase transition in which a fraction of particles of a boson gas condenses into the same quantum state known as the Bose?Einstein condensate (BEC). The aim of this book is to present a wide array of findings in the realm of BECs and on the nonlinear Schr?dinger-type models that arise therein. The Defocusing Nonlinear Schr?dinger Equation is a broad study of nonlinear excitations in self-defocusing nonlinear media. It summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge on the defocusing nonlinear Schr?dinger-type models in a single volume and contains a wealth of resources, including over 800 references to relevant articles and monographs and a meticulous index for ease of navigation.
Author : Società italiana di fisica
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614992258
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)
Download or read book Bose-Einstein Condensation in Atomic Gases written by Società italiana di fisica and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although first proposed by Einstein in 1924, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a gas was not achieved until 1995 when, using a combination of laser cooling and trapping, and magnetic trapping and evaporation, it was first observed in rubidium and then in lithium and sodium, cooled down to extremely low temperatures. This book brought together many leaders in both theory and experiment on Bose-Einstein condensation in gases. Their lectures provided a detailed coverage of the experimental techniques for the creation and study of BEC, as well as the theoretical foundation for understanding the properties of this novel system. This volume provides the first systematic review of the field and the many developments that have taken place in the past three years.
Author : C. J. Pethick
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139811088
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Bose–Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases written by C. J. Pethick and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-11 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate, predicted by Einstein in 1925, was first produced in the laboratory in 1995, the study of ultracold Bose and Fermi gases has become one of the most active areas in contemporary physics. This book explains phenomena in ultracold gases from basic principles, without assuming a detailed knowledge of atomic, condensed matter, and nuclear physics. This new edition has been revised and updated, and includes new chapters on optical lattices, low dimensions, and strongly-interacting Fermi systems. This book provides a unified introduction to the physics of ultracold atomic Bose and Fermi gases for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as experimentalists and theorists. Chapters cover the statistical physics of trapped gases, atomic properties, cooling and trapping atoms, interatomic interactions, structure of trapped condensates, collective modes, rotating condensates, superfluidity, interference phenomena, and trapped Fermi gases. Problems are included at the end of each chapter.
Author : Jongchul Mun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices written by Jongchul Mun and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 87Rb Bose Einstein Condensate in 3D optical lattice was studied in the regime of weak interaction(the superfluid phase) and strong interaction(the Mott insulating phase). The stability of superfluid currents was studied using a moving optical lattice. The critical momentum for stable superfluid current varies from 0.5 recoil momentum (shallow lattice) to 0 (the Mott insulator) as the system reaches the Mott insulator transition. The phase diagram for the disappearance of superfluidity was studied as a function of momentum and lattice depth. Our phase diagram boundary extrapolates to the critical lattice depth for the superfluid-to-MI transition. When a one-dimensional gas was loaded into a moving optical lattice a sudden broadening of the transition between stable and unstable phases was observed. A new auxiliary vacuum chamber, which is called the science chamber, was designed and installed to improve optical lattice experimental performance and imaging resolution power. Atoms are transported from the main chamber to the science chamber. By further evaporation cooling, BECs with N - 2-3 x 104 atoms are produced in a combination trap of two focused IR laser beams. High-resolution imaging was obtained with a 4-lens stack providing a resolution of - 2pm. The deep Mott insulator(MI) phase was studied using clock shift spectroscopy. Individual MI phases with integer occupation numbers could be addressed through their clock shifts, and their spatial density profile could be imaged ("shell structure"). With increasing trap depth, MI shells expanded from low to high density regions of the cloud.
Author : Panayotis G. Kevrekidis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540735917
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Emergent Nonlinear Phenomena in Bose-Einstein Condensates written by Panayotis G. Kevrekidis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by experts in the fields of atomic physics and nonlinear science, covers the important developments in a special aspect of Bose-Einstein condensation, namely nonlinear phenomena in condensates. Topics covered include bright, dark, gap and multidimensional solitons; vortices; vortex lattices; optical lattices; multicomponent condensates; mathematical methods/rigorous results; and the beyond-the-mean-field approach.
Author : Meret Krämer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Bose-Einstein Condensates in Rotating Traps and Optical Lattices written by Meret Krämer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Philip Brian Anderson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Bose-Einstein Condensation and Macroscopic Interference with Atomic Tunnel Arrays written by Philip Brian Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anna Louise Marchant
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)
Download or read book Formation of Bright Solitary Matter-waves written by Anna Louise Marchant and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract:This thesis presents the development of an experimental apparatus to produce Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with tunable interparticle interactions. The ability to precisely control the strength of these interactions, and even to switch them from repulsive to attractive, allows one to probe novel regimes of condensate physics, from the collapse of attractively interacting BECs and the formation of solitary matter-waves to the observation of beyond mean-field effects in strongly repulsive condensates. The construction and characterisation of both a single and crossed beam optical dipole trap is presented. In the single beam case we develop a technique allowing the guided transport of atoms along the beam and up to a room-temperature surface; a technique which can be used to evaporatively cool the trapped atomic cloud. We produce Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb in the F=1, mF=-1 state in this trap, comparing the effect of beam waist on the evaporation trajectory. In the crossed beam trap Bose-Einstein condensation of 87Rb is realised in three distinct trapping configurations, along with a 1D optical lattice formed by changing the polarisation of the beams. A method of direct cooling of 85Rb atoms in the crossed trap is developed using a magnetic Feshbach resonance to precisely tune both the elastic and inelastic scattering properties of the atoms. The resonance used for this work occurs at 155G in collisions between atoms in the F=2, mF=-2 state of 85Rb. Bose-Einstein condensates of up to 40,000 85Rb atoms are formed in this trap and we demonstrate the presence of tunable interatomic interactions, exploring the collapse phenomenon associated with attractive condensates. By loading the 85Rb condensate into a quasi-1D waveguide we show that stable attractive condensates can be created, taking the form of bright solitary matter-waves. We observe a solitary wave of ~2,000 atoms which propagates, without dispersion, along the waveguide over a distance of ~1.1mm. The particle-like nature of the solitary wave is demonstrated by classical reflection of the wavepacket from a repulsive Gaussian barrier.
Author : Lev Pitaevskii
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191076686
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity written by Lev Pitaevskii and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultracold atomic gases is a rapidly developing area of physics that attracts many young researchers around the world. Written by world renowned experts in the field, this book gives a comprehensive overview of exciting developments in Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity from a theoretical perspective. The authors also make sense of key experiments from the past twenty years with a special focus on the physics of ultracold atomic gases. These systems are characterized by a rich variety of features which make them similar to other important systems of condensed matter physics (like superconductors and superfluids). At the same time they exhibit very peculiar properties which are the result of their gaseous nature, the possibility of trapping in a variety of low dimensional and periodical configurations, and of manipulating the two-body interaction. The book presents a systematic theoretical description based on the most successful many-body approaches applied both to bosons and fermions, at equilibrium and out of equilibrium, at zero as well as at finite temperature. Both theorists and experimentalists will benefit from the book, which is mainly addressed to beginners in the field (master students, PhD students, young postdocs), but also to more experienced researchers who can find in the book novel inspirations and motivations as well as new insightful connections. Building on the authors' first book, Bose-Einstein Condensation (Oxford University Press, 2003), this text offers a more systematic description of Fermi gases, quantum mixtures, low dimensional systems and dipolar gases. It also gives further emphasis on the peculiar phenomenon of superfluidity and its key role in many observable properties of these ultracold quantum gases.
Author : Yichao Yu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation with Lithium-7 Atoms written by Yichao Yu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents our work on developing and improving the techniques of trapping and cooling an ultra-cold cloud of Lithium-7 atoms and the realization of the Bose- Einstein condensate as a first step to study quantum magnetism in optical lattice. The techniques used in this experiment include Zeeman slowing, magneto-optical trapping (MOT), gray molasses, static magnetic trapping, evaporative cooling, optical dipole trapping (ODT), etc. The apparatus has the capability of creating a Bose-Einstein condensate with almost 106 atoms in 10 seconds as well as tuning the interaction between atoms in a BEC using the Feshbach resonance with a magnetic bias field of up to ~~ 1000G.
Author : Fatkhulla Abdullaev
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402021909
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Nonlinear Waves: Classical and Quantum Aspects written by Fatkhulla Abdullaev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-02 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scientists discuss the most recent physical and experimental results in the physics of Bose-Einstein condensate theory, the theory of nonlinear lattices (including quantum and nonlinear lattices), and nonlinear optics and photonics. Classical and quantum aspects of the dynamics of nonlinear waves are considered. The contributions focus on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and on the quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Recent experimental results on atomic condensates and hydrogen bonded systems are reviewed. Particular attention is given to nonlinear matter waves in periodic potential.
Author : Arthur Ashkin
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814494348
Total Pages : 941 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)
Download or read book Optical Trapping And Manipulation Of Neutral Particles Using Lasers: A Reprint Volume With Commentaries written by Arthur Ashkin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-12-29 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important volume contains selected papers and extensive commentaries on laser trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using radiation pressure forces. Such techniques apply to a variety of small particles, such as atoms, molecules, macroscopic dielectric particles, living cells, and organelles within cells. These optical methods have had a revolutionary impact on the fields of atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, and many aspects of nanotechnology.In atomic physics, the trapping and cooling of atoms down to nanokelvins and even picokelvin temperatures are possible. These are the lowest temperatures in the universe. This made possible the first demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic and molecular vapors. Some of the applications are high precision atomic clocks, gyroscopes, the measurement of gravity, cryptology, atomic computers, cavity quantum electrodynamics and coherent atom lasers.A major application in biophysics is the study of the mechanical properties of the many types of motor molecules, mechanoenzymes, and other macromolecules responsible for the motion of organelles within cells and the locomotion of entire cells. Unique in vitro and in vivo assays study the driving forces, stepping motion, kinetics, and efficiency of these motors as they move along the cell's cytoskeleton. Positional and temporal resolutions have been achieved, making possible the study of RNA and DNA polymerases, as they undergo their various copying, backtracking, and error correcting functions on a single base pair basis.Many applications in nanotechnology involve particle and cell sorting, particle rotation, microfabrication of simple machines, microfluidics, and other micrometer devices. The number of applications continues to grow at a rapid rate.The author is the discoverer of optical trapping and optical tweezers. With his colleagues, he first demonstrated optical levitation, the trapping of atoms, and tweezer trapping and manipulation of living cells and biological particles.This is the only review volume covering the many fields of optical trapping and manipulation. The intention is to provide a selective guide to the literature and to teach how optical traps really work.
Author : Masahito Ueda
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9813107448
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals And New Frontiers Of Bose-einstein Condensation written by Masahito Ueda and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamentals of and new developments in gaseous Bose-Einstein condensation. It begins with a review of fundamental concepts and theorems, and introduces basic theories describing Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). It then discusses some recent topics such as fast-rotating BEC, spinor and dipolar BEC, low-dimensional BEC, balanced and imbalanced fermionic superfluidity including BCS-BEC crossover and unitary gas, and p-wave superfluidity.
Author : Maciej Lewenstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199573123
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)
Download or read book Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices written by Maciej Lewenstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the physics of atoms frozen to ultralow temperatures and trapped in periodic light structures. It introduces the reader to the spectacular progress achieved on the field of ultracold gases and describes present and future challenges in condensed matter physics, high energy physics, and quantum computation.
