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Birmingham Jfk And The Civil Rights Act Of 1963
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Author :John Walton Cotman Publisher :Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers ISBN 13 : Total Pages :232 pages Book Rating :4.X/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis Birmingham, JFK, and the Civil Rights Act of 1963 by : John Walton Cotman
Download or read book Birmingham, JFK, and the Civil Rights Act of 1963 written by John Walton Cotman and published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1989 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President John F. Kennedy's response to the national political crisis precipitated by the nonviolent campaign to desegregate Birmingham, Alabama launched by Black civil rights activists in April 1963 is the centerpiece of this analysis of the genesis of the Civil Rights Bill of 1963. This bill was the prototype of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Published here for the first time are transcripts of previously secret tape recordings of meetings of President Kennedy's inner circle that mapped out a response to the «Battle of Birmingham».
Book Synopsis Letter from a Birmingham Jail by : Dr Martin Luther King
Download or read book Letter from a Birmingham Jail written by Dr Martin Luther King and published by HarperOne. This book was released on 2025-01-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, 1963 by : Kennedy, John F.
Download or read book Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, 1963 written by Kennedy, John F. and published by Best Books on. This book was released on 1964-01-01 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States
Book Synopsis Kennedy and King by : Steven Levingston
Download or read book Kennedy and King written by Steven Levingston and published by Hachette Books. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Editors' Choice Pick "Kennedy and King is an unqualified masterpiece of historical narrative.... A landmark achievement."---Douglas Brinkley, New York Times bestselling author of Rosa Parks Kennedy and King traces the emergence of two of the twentieth century's greatest leaders, their powerful impact on each other and on the shape of the civil rights battle between 1960 and 1963. These two men from starkly different worlds profoundly influenced each other's personal development. Kennedy's hesitation on civil rights spurred King to greater acts of courage, and King inspired Kennedy to finally make a moral commitment to equality. As America still grapples with the legacy of slavery and the persistence of discrimination, Kennedy and King is a vital, vivid contribution to the literature of the Civil Rights Movement.
Book Synopsis Why We Can't Wait by : Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Download or read book Why We Can't Wait written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. King’s best-selling account of the civil rights movement in Birmingham during the spring and summer of 1963 On April 16, 1963, as the violent events of the Birmingham campaign unfolded in the city’s streets, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., composed a letter from his prison cell in response to local religious leaders’ criticism of the campaign. The resulting piece of extraordinary protest writing, “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” was widely circulated and published in numerous periodicals. After the conclusion of the campaign and the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, King further developed the ideas introduced in the letter in Why We Can’t Wait, which tells the story of African American activism in the spring and summer of 1963. During this time, Birmingham, Alabama, was perhaps the most racially segregated city in the United States, but the campaign launched by King, Fred Shuttlesworth, and others demonstrated to the world the power of nonviolent direct action. Often applauded as King’s most incisive and eloquent book, Why We Can’t Wait recounts the Birmingham campaign in vivid detail, while underscoring why 1963 was such a crucial year for the civil rights movement. Disappointed by the slow pace of school desegregation and civil rights legislation, King observed that by 1963—during which the country celebrated the one-hundredth anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation—Asia and Africa were “moving with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence but we still creep at a horse-and-buggy pace.” King examines the history of the civil rights struggle, noting tasks that future generations must accomplish to bring about full equality, and asserts that African Americans have already waited over three centuries for civil rights and that it is time to be proactive: “For years now, I have heard the word ‘Wait!’ It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This ‘Wait’ has almost always meant ‘Never.’ We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that ‘justice too long delayed is justice denied.’”
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Companion to John F. Kennedy by : Andrew Hoberek
Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to John F. Kennedy written by Andrew Hoberek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Companion to John F. Kennedy explores the creation, and afterlife, of an American icon.
Book Synopsis Never Been a Time by : Harper Barnes
Download or read book Never Been a Time written by Harper Barnes and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1910s, half a million African Americans moved from the impoverished rural South to booming industrial cities of the North in search of jobs and freedom from Jim Crow laws. But Northern whites responded with rage, attacking blacks in the streets and laying waste to black neighborhoods in a horrific series of deadly race riots that broke out in dozens of cities across the nation, including Philadelphia, Chicago, Tulsa, Houston, and Washington, D.C. In East St. Louis, Illinois, corrupt city officials and industrialists had openly courted Southern blacks, luring them North to replace striking white laborers. This tinderbox erupted on July 2, 1917 into what would become one of the bloodiest American riots of the World War era. Its impact was enormous. "There has never been a time when the riot was not alive in the oral tradition," remarks Professor Eugene Redmond. Indeed, prominent blacks like W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, and Josephine Baker were forever influenced by it. Celebrated St. Louis journalist Harper Barnes has written the first full account of this dramatic turning point in American history, decisively placing it in the continuum of racial tensions flowing from Reconstruction and as a catalyst of civil rights action in the decades to come. Drawing from accounts and sources never before utilized, Harper Barnes has crafted a compelling and definitive story that enshrines the riot as an historical rallying cry for all who deplore racial violence.
Book Synopsis Robert F. Kennedy and the Shaping of Civil Rights, 1960-1964 by : Philip A. Goduti, Jr.
Download or read book Robert F. Kennedy and the Shaping of Civil Rights, 1960-1964 written by Philip A. Goduti, Jr. and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the 1960 John F. Kennedy presidential campaign to the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and the Department of Justice worked tirelessly to change the climate of civil rights in the nation. This book explores how the Kennedy brothers and leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr., John Lewis and James Meredith, among others, pushed for change at a critical time. Through an analysis of White House memoranda, speeches, telephone conversations and recorded discussions as well as secondary sources, this study explores Robert Kennedy's role in key events of the civil rights movement, which include the Freedom Rides in 1961, the Ole Miss crisis in 1962 and the Birmingham campaign and March on Washington in 1963. The combined efforts of the Kennedys and these leaders helped change the atmosphere in the nation to one of acceptance and opportunity for African Americans and other minorities.
Book Synopsis While the World Watched by : Carolyn McKinstry
Download or read book While the World Watched written by Carolyn McKinstry and published by Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On September 15, 1963, a Klan-planted bomb went off in the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Fourteen-year-old Carolyn Maull was just a few feet away when the bomb exploded, killing four of her friends in the girl’s restroom she had just exited. It was one of the seminal moments in the Civil Rights movement, a sad day in American history . . . and the turning point in a young girl’s life. While the World Watched is a poignant and gripping eyewitness account of life in the Jim Crow South: from the bombings, riots, and assassinations to the historic marches and triumphs that characterized the Civil Rights movement. A uniquely moving exploration of how racial relations have evolved over the past 5 decades, While the World Watched is an incredible testament to how far we’ve come and how far we have yet to go.
Book Synopsis Justice Rising by : Patricia Sullivan
Download or read book Justice Rising written by Patricia Sullivan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading civil rights historian places Robert Kennedy for the first time at the center of the movement for racial justice of the 1960sÑand shows how many of todayÕs issues can be traced back to that pivotal time. History, race, and politics converged in the 1960s in ways that indelibly changed America. In Justice Rising, a landmark reconsideration of Robert KennedyÕs life and legacy, Patricia Sullivan draws on government files, personal papers, and oral interviews to reveal how he grasped the moment to emerge as a transformational leader. When protests broke out across the South, the young attorney general confronted escalating demands for racial justice. What began as a political problem soon became a moral one. In the face of vehement pushback from Southern Democrats bent on massive resistance, he put the weight of the federal government behind school desegregation and voter registration. Bobby KennedyÕs youthful energy, moral vision, and capacity to lead created a momentum for change. He helped shape the 1964 Civil Rights Act but knew no law would end racism. When the Watts uprising brought calls for more aggressive policing, he pushed back, pointing to the root causes of urban unrest: entrenched poverty, substandard schools, and few job opportunities. RFK strongly opposed the military buildup in Vietnam, but nothing was more important to him than Òthe revolution within our gates, the struggle of the American Negro for full equality and full freedom.Ó On the night of Martin Luther KingÕs assassination, KennedyÕs anguished appeal captured the hopes of a turbulent decade: ÒIn this difficult time for the United States it is perhaps well to ask what kind of nation we are and what direction we want to move in.Ó It is a question that remains urgent and unanswered.
Download or read book The Bystander written by Nick Bryant and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2007-09-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this, the first comprehensive history of Kennedy's civil rights record over the course of his entire political career, Nick Bryant shows that Kennedy's shrewd handling of the race issue in his early congressional campaigns blinded him as President to the intractability of the simmering racial crisis in America. By focusing on mainly symbolic gestures, Kennedy missed crucial opportunities to confront the obstructionist Southern bloc and to enact genuine reform, his inertia emboldening white supremacists and forced black activists to adopt increasingly militant tactics.
Book Synopsis To End All Segregation by : Robert D. Loevy
Download or read book To End All Segregation written by Robert D. Loevy and published by University Press of Amer. This book was released on 1990 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the early history of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, showing how brutal police treatment of civil rights demonstrators in Birmingham, Alabama, forced President Kennedy to send a strong civil rights bill to Congress in June of 1963. The various legislative strategies used to get the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through Congress are detailed. The study relies on original sources (letters, memoranda, oral histories, daily notes and diaries) in presidential and congressional libraries. These materials are supported by an extensive series of personal interviews by the author. Contents: The Civil Rights Act of 1964; John F. Kennedy, 'The Fires of Discord'; Writing the Administration Bill; Subcommittee No. 5 'Out of Control' for Civil Rights; Lyndon B. Johnson, 'To Write It in The Books of Law'; 'Vultures' in the Galleries/'Miracles' On the Floor; Mike Mansfield and Hubert Humphrey, 'Conditioning for the Long Ordeal'; Richard Russel, The Defending Champion; Filibuster #1-The Motion to Consider; Filibuster #2-The Bill Itself; Everett M. Dirksen, The Great Amender; The Drive for Cloture, 'An Idea Whose Time Has Come'; 'To Die On The Barricades'/To Earn 'A Place of Honor'.
Download or read book Carry Me Home written by Diane McWhorter and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2001-06-29 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now with a new afterword, the Pulitzer Prize-winning dramatic account of the civil rights era’s climactic battle in Birmingham as the movement, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., brought down the institutions of segregation. "The Year of Birmingham," 1963, was a cataclysmic turning point in America’s long civil rights struggle. Child demonstrators faced down police dogs and fire hoses in huge nonviolent marches against segregation. Ku Klux Klansmen retaliated by bombing the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, killing four young black girls. Diane McWhorter, daughter of a prominent Birmingham family, weaves together police and FBI records, archival documents, interviews with black activists and Klansmen, and personal memories into an extraordinary narrative of the personalities and events that brought about America’s second emancipation. In a new afterword—reporting last encounters with hero Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and describing the current drastic anti-immigration laws in Alabama—the author demonstrates that Alabama remains a civil rights crucible.
Book Synopsis I Have a Dream by : Martin Luther King, Jr.
Download or read book I Have a Dream written by Martin Luther King, Jr. and published by HarperOne. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing the Martin Luther King Jr Library With a New Foreword by Amanda Gorman A beautiful collectible edition of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr's legendary speech at the March on Washington, laid out to follow the cadence of his oration--part of Dr. King's archives published exclusively by HarperCollins. On August 28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. stood before thousands of Americans who had gathered at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. in the name of civil rights. Including the immortal words, "I have a dream," Dr. King's keynote speech would energize a movement and change the course of history. With references to the Gettysburg Address, the Emancipation Proclamation, the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, Shakespeare, and the Bible, Dr. King's March on Washington address has long been hailed as one of the greatest pieces of writing and oration in history. Profound and deeply moving, it is as relevant today as it was nearly sixty years earlier. This beautifully designed hardcover edition presents Dr. King's speech in its entirety, paying tribute to this extraordinary leader and his immeasurable contribution, and inspiring a new generation of activists dedicated to carrying on the fight for justice and equality.
Book Synopsis An Idea Whose Time Has Come by : Todd S. Purdum
Download or read book An Idea Whose Time Has Come written by Todd S. Purdum and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A top Washington journalist recounts the dramatic political battle to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the law that created modern America, on the fiftieth anniversary of its passage It was a turbulent time in America—a time of sit-ins, freedom rides, a March on Washington and a governor standing in the schoolhouse door—when John F. Kennedy sent Congress a bill to bar racial discrimination in employment, education, and public accommodations. Countless civil rights measures had died on Capitol Hill in the past. But this one was different because, as one influential senator put it, it was "an idea whose time has come." In a powerful narrative layered with revealing detail, Todd S. Purdum tells the story of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, recreating the legislative maneuvering and the larger-than-life characters who made its passage possible. From the Kennedy brothers to Lyndon Johnson, from Martin Luther King Jr. to Hubert Humphrey and Everett Dirksen, Purdum shows how these all-too-human figures managed, in just over a year, to create a bill that prompted the longest filibuster in the history of the U.S. Senate yet was ultimately adopted with overwhelming bipartisan support. He evokes the high purpose and low dealings that marked the creation of this monumental law, drawing on extensive archival research and dozens of new interviews that bring to life this signal achievement in American history. Often hailed as the most important law of the past century, the Civil Rights Act stands as a lesson for our own troubled times about what is possible when patience, bipartisanship, and decency rule the day.
Book Synopsis Kennedy Tapes Concise Edition by : Ernest R May
Download or read book Kennedy Tapes Concise Edition written by Ernest R May and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2002-02-05 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1962: the United States and the Soviet Union stood eyeball to eyeball, each brandishing enough nuclear weapons to obliterate civilization in the Northern Hemisphere. It was one of the most dangerous moments in world history. Day by day, for two weeks, the inner circle of President Kennedy's National Security Council debated what to do, twice coming to the brink of attacking Soviet military units in Cuba -- units equipped for nuclear retaliation. And through it all, unbeknownst to any of the participants except the President himself, tape was rolling, capturing for posterity the deliberations that might have ended the world as we know it. Now available in this new concise edition, The Kennedy Tapes retains its gripping sense of history in the making. Book jacket.
Download or read book Nine Days written by Paul Kendrick and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[A] masterly and often riveting account of King’s ordeal and the 1960 'October Surprise' that may have altered the course of modern American political history." —Raymond Arsenault, The New York Times Book Review (Editors' Choice) The authors of Douglass and Lincoln present fully for the first time the story of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s imprisonment in the days leading up to the 1960 presidential election and the efforts of three of John F. Kennedy’s civil rights staffers who went rogue to free him—a move that changed the face of the Democratic Party and propelled Kennedy to the White House. Less than three weeks before the 1960 presidential election, thirty-one-year-old Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested at a sit-in at Rich’s Department Store in Atlanta. That day would lead to the first night King had ever spent in jail—and the time that King’s family most feared for his life. An earlier, minor traffic ticket served as a pretext for keeping King locked up, and later for a harrowing nighttime transfer to Reidsville, the notorious Georgia state prison where Black inmates worked on chain gangs overseen by violent white guards. While King’s imprisonment was decried as a moral scandal in some quarters and celebrated in others, for the two presidential candidates—John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon—it was the ultimate October surprise: an emerging and controversial civil rights leader was languishing behind bars, and the two campaigns raced to decide whether, and how, to respond. Stephen and Paul Kendrick’s Nine Days tells the incredible story of what happened next. In 1960, the Civil Rights Movement was growing increasingly inventive and energized while white politicians favored the corrosive tactics of silence and stalling—but an audacious team in the Kennedy campaign’s Civil Rights Section (CRS) decided to act. In an election when Black voters seemed poised to split their votes between the candidates, the CRS convinced Kennedy to agitate for King’s release, sometimes even going behind his back in their quest to secure his freedom. Over the course of nine extraordinary October days, the leaders of the CRS—pioneering Black journalist Louis Martin, future Pennsylvania senator Harris Wofford, and Sargent Shriver, the founder of the Peace Corps—worked to tilt a tight election in Kennedy’s favor and bring about a revolution in party affiliation whose consequences are still integral to the practice of politics today. Based on fresh interviews, newspaper accounts, and extensive archival research, Nine Days is the first full recounting of an event that changed the course of one of the closest elections in American history. Much more than a political thriller, it is also the story of the first time King refused bail and came to terms with the dangerous course of his mission to change a nation. At once a story of electoral machinations, moral courage, and, ultimately, the triumph of a future president’s better angels, Nine Days is a gripping tale with important lessons for our own time.
