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Bioremediation Of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Sediments Augmented With A Dehalococcoides Consortia
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Book Synopsis Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Sediments Augmented with a Dehalococcoides Consortia by : P. C. McKinsey
Download or read book Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Sediments Augmented with a Dehalococcoides Consortia written by P. C. McKinsey and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, SC there are a number of sites contaminated with Chlorinated Ethenes (CE) due to past disposal practices. Sediments from two CE contaminated SRS locations were evaluated for trichloroethylene (TCE) biodegradation through anaerobic laboratory microcosms. The testing included addition of amendments and bioaugmentation of sediments. The anaerobic microcosms were first amended with substrates including acetate, lactate, molasses, soybean oil, methanol, sulfate, yeast extract, Regenesis HRC(R), and MEAL (methanol, ethanol, acetate, lactate mixture). Microcosms were analyzed after biostimulation for 9 months and no significant TCE biodegradation was observed. At 10 months, additional TCE, fresh amendments, and a mixed culture containing Dehalococcoides ethenogenes were added to active microcosms. A significant decrease in TCE concentrations and an increase in biodegradation products cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) were noted within 2 weeks of bioaugmentation. Microcosms amended with lactate and sulfate showed complete transformation of TCE (3 ppm) to ethene within 40 days after bioaugmentation. Microcosms amended with other substrates - soybean oil, acetate, yeast extract, and methanol - also show enhanced biodegradation of TCE to ethene. Microcosms amended with molasses and Regenesis HRC showed limited TCE transformation. No TCE transformation was seen in killed control microcosms. On the basis of these successful results, plans are underway for field-scale in-situ deployment of biostimulation/bioaugmentation at SRS.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of TCE and TCFE in TCE Contaminated Sediments by : Jae-Hyuk Lee
Download or read book Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of TCE and TCFE in TCE Contaminated Sediments written by Jae-Hyuk Lee and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focused on the enhanced reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) and its surrogate, trichlorofluoroethene (TCFE), using two bioremediation methods in anaerobic conditions. Two anaerobic bioremediation studies were conducted to investigate the effects of microbial communities in the presence of different electron acceptors and donors during anaerobic reductive dechlorination of TCE and TCFE. The first study was conducted in the groundwater microcosm bottles, filled with groundwater and sediments collected from Richmond site, CA. Parallel reductive dechlorination of TCE and TCFE was evaluated in the presence of fumarate and its product, succinate, while active reduction of high background concentrations of sulfate (2.5 mM) occurred. Because sulfate was assumed as a favorable electron acceptor during reductive dechlorination of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), all microcosms receiving TCE and TCFE with substrates showed enhanced reductive dechlorination activity and even no substrate addition microcosms generated biotransformation products. From the electron mass balance calculations, more than 87.5% of electrons went to sulfate reduction and less than 10% of available electrons involved in dechlorination after sulfate reductions. After amending varying concentrations of sulfate (0 2.5 mM), no inhibition was found between reductive dechlorination of TCE and sulfate reduction. The result indicated that reductive dechlorination could be directly competed with sulfate reduction for available electrons. The second study investigated the effectiveness of in situ push-pull tests to evaluate bioaugmentation in physical aquifer models (PAMs) using dehalogenating strains to reductively dechlorinate TCE to ethene and TCFE to FE in the TCE contaminated sediments. Complete reduction of TCE to ethene occurred in less than 14 days with repeated additions of TCE (13.0 to 46.0 mg/L) and TCFE (15.0 mg/L) was completely transformed to FE in under 24 days. Increased rate and extent of dechlorination in the bioaugmented PAM compared to the nonaugmented control PAM indicated successful transport of the bioaugmented culture through the PAM. Similar transformation rates and time course of TCE and TCFE also indicated that TCFE was a bioprobe for reductive dechlorination of TCE. TCE and TCFE were transformed to cisdichloroethene (c-DCE) and cis-dichlorofluoroethene (c-DCFE) respectively at two of the three sampling ports after 50 days of incubation in the nonaugmented PAM indicating reductive dechlorination activity of indigenous microorganisms. The results showed that it is possible to increase the rate and extent of reductive dechlorination of TCE and TCFE by bioaugmentation and that push-pull tests are effective tools for detecting and quantifying these processes in situ. The third study focused on numerical modeling of the second study. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate a simplified method for estimating retardation factors for injected solutes and bioaugmented microorganisms using "pushpull" test injection phase breakthrough curves, (2) to identify whether bioaugmented microorganisms have kept the same transformation capacity of Evanite culture using Michaelis-Menten kinetics by the values provided by Yu et al. (2005) and to verify in situ rates of TCFE reductive dechlorination rates of push-pull tests by numerical modeling, and (3) to investigate a reasonable answer for the nonuniform recovery of ethene and FE during the activity test and the push-pull test. The bioaugmented microorganisms were effectively transported through Hanford sediment. The estimated retardation factor was 1.33. A numerical simulation predicted cell transport in the PAM as far as port 5. This was qualitatively confirmed by cell counts obtained during bioaugmentation but, cells were distributed nonuniformly. The transport test indicated that TCE and TCFE transport was relatively retarded compared to coinjected bromide tracer (retardation factors ranged from 1.33-1.62 for TCE and from 1.44-1.70 for TCFE). The modeling simulation of Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the activity test was well matched for reductive dechlorination rates for TCE and less dechlorinated ethenes using the previous published values of kmax and Ks of chlorinated ethenes by Yu et al. (2005); the model match indicated that the bioaugmented microorganisms kept the same transformation capacity as the original source, Evanite culture (Yu et al., 2005) over 4 months in the PAM. A numerical simulation resulted in the simple first order FE production rate of 1 day' using STOMP code (2002) and the value of FE production rate was in the range of the transformation rates of TCFE during the activity test. The bioaugmented PAM has caused slow loss of injected CAHs during the activity test and the push-pull test.
Book Synopsis Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents by : Robert E. Hinchee
Download or read book Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Robert E. Hinchee and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and groundwater contamination stemming from the release of various chlorinated compounds into the environment is a significant and difficult site remediation challenge. The articles in this collection discuss the use of aerobic and anaerobic biological degradation to dehalogenate sites contaminated with pesticides and chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethene, tetrachloromethene, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, pentachlorophenol, and chlorinated benzene. Bench- and field-scale studies of the biological processes associated with in situ dechlorination of soil and aquifers are described. Discussed are the uses of microcosm studies and numerical simulation of dechlorination to manage system operation. Site characteristics (e.g., hydraulic properties, temperature, nitrogen availability) and their effect on the stability of the methanotrophic community are examined. Methods discussed include the use of air venting, alternative electron donors, biofilm reactors, surfactants, municipal digester sludge, iron enhancement, and sulfate reduction to improve conditions for the microbial consortia that effect dechlorination.
Book Synopsis In Situ Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Using Burkholderia Cepacia G4 PR1 by : Richard A. Snyder
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Using Burkholderia Cepacia G4 PR1 written by Richard A. Snyder and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Field Application Vectors for Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soils by : Keun-Chan Oh
Download or read book Development of Field Application Vectors for Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soils written by Keun-Chan Oh and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbial Community Structure in a Trichloroethylene Contaminated Aquifer During Toluene Stimulated Bioremediation by : Elica Monique Moss
Download or read book Microbial Community Structure in a Trichloroethylene Contaminated Aquifer During Toluene Stimulated Bioremediation written by Elica Monique Moss and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intrinsic Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-contaminated Groundwater at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska by : Kyle A. Gorder
Download or read book Intrinsic Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-contaminated Groundwater at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska written by Kyle A. Gorder and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds by : Jeffrey Talley
Download or read book Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds written by Jeffrey Talley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative text addresses the latest in bioremediation technologies for three difficult-to-treat contaminant groups: chlorinated solvents, PCBs, and PAHs - one of the most complex and expensive areas of applied remediation engineering. Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds assesses innovative R&D projects developed for each contam
Book Synopsis Surfactant Assisted Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soil by : Margaret Ewube Egbe
Download or read book Surfactant Assisted Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soil written by Margaret Ewube Egbe and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soil Clean-up Using Surfactant-based Separation Technology and Bioremediation by : Sasikarn Chuahom
Download or read book Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soil Clean-up Using Surfactant-based Separation Technology and Bioremediation written by Sasikarn Chuahom and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactant-based separation technology and bioremediation was integrated to enhance the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) from soil. In this system, cloud point extraction by non-ionic surfactant was conducted to separate high amount of TCE into the surfactant-rich phase and then bioremediation was integrated into the system by adding bacteria to co-metabolize the remaining TCE. Six surfactant systems including SURFONIC TDA-5, SURFONIC TDA-6, SURFONIC L24-7, NEODOL 91-5, NEODOL 91-6 without electrolyte addition and DTAB/DOWFAX (2:1 molar ratio) with 0.8 M NaCI were studied. These surfactants induced a phase separation with the surfactant-rich phase presented on top of the solution thus preventing the accumulation of surfactant on soil particles. The results found that SURFONIC TDA-6, SURFONIC L24-7, an NEODOL 91-6 did not inhibit TCE degradability of either Rhodococcus sp. L4 or Phodococcus sp. P3 bacteria while others killed the bacteria. Rhodococcus sp. L4 degraded TCE effectively in the presence of SURFONIC TDA-6, in which more than 58% of 10 ppm TCE was reduced within 24 hours compared to only 30% of TCE removal in control treatment (without the bacteria), SURFONIC TDA-6 was then selected for determining the optimal condition for TCE extraction consisting of equilibrium time, contact time between surfactant solution and soil and initial concentration of surfactant. The optimal condition for TCE extraction by cloud point technique were as followed; 72 hours of equilibrium time, 1 lour of contact time between soil and surfactant solution, and 70 mM of initial concentration of surfactant. These acquired conditions were later applied to compare the effectiveness of three TCE treatment processes including: (1) bioremediation, (2) surfactant extraction and (3) integrated technique. TCE removal efficiency was determined from the remaining TCE concentration in soil after treatment. The TCE removal efficiency of 100 ppm TCE contaminated soil by bioremediation, surfactant extraction and integrated technique were about 74%, 74% and 94%, respectively. Morever, TCE was mineralized as showed by the increase of chloride ions after remediation by bioremediation and integrated technique. When increased the amount of initial TCE to 300 ppm, the removal efficiency of the integrated technique was about 94% which was around 30% higher than either technique alone. The result found that soil remediation by the integrated technique had the highest TCE removal efficiency.
Book Synopsis In Situ Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-contaminated Water by a Resting-cell Methanotrophic Microbial Filter by :
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-contaminated Water by a Resting-cell Methanotrophic Microbial Filter written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is testing and developing an in situ microbial filter technology for remediating migrating subsurface plumes contaminated with low concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE). Their current focus is the establishment of a replenishable bioactive zone (catalytic filter) along expanding plume boundaries by the Injection of a representative methanotrophic bacterium, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. We have successfully demonstrated this microbial filter strategy using emplaced, attached resting cells (no methane additions) in a 1.1-m flow-through test bed loaded with water-saturated sand. Two separate 24 h pulses of TCE (109 ppb and 85 ppb), one week apart, were pumped through the system at a flow velocity of 1.5 cm/h; no TCE (
Book Synopsis Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene by Use of Polymer Bio-beads and Quantification of Diffusion of Trichloroethylene Through Various Polymer Membranes by : Kirsten E. Hillyer
Download or read book Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene by Use of Polymer Bio-beads and Quantification of Diffusion of Trichloroethylene Through Various Polymer Membranes written by Kirsten E. Hillyer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trichloroethylene is a wide spread carcinogenic contaminate in groundwater, present in roughly 60% America's Superfund sites. Beginning in the early 1900's, TCE was commonly used as an anesthetic, food processing agent, industrial degreaser, and dry cleaning agent. In 1989 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented a maximum contaminate level (MCL) on chlorinated solvents such as TCE. Although TCE usage is strictly regulated now, the previous 100+ years of usage has left a significant amount of contamination in the environment worldwide. TCE is a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL), making it particularly difficult to remediate. TCE travels down through groundwater until it reaches a confining layer, resulting in a persistent contamination problem for decades. Bioremediation has moved to the forefront as cost effective treatment technology for the remediation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), but many of these methods are still in the research phase due to the struggles the environment presents. Elevated dissolved oxygen, low pH, and high concentration of contaminates contribute to the inability of unprotected microorganisms to effectively reduce TCE. Encapsulation of microorganisms into "bio-beads" presents an opportunity to address each of these environmental challenges. For this thesis bio-beads, were developed utilizing biodegradable polymer and a reductive dechlorinating bacterium consortia known as KB-1, were subjected to various concentrations of TCE. The TCE rate of degradation was monitored to assess the kinetics of TCE reduction and organism viability. To better understand the mass transfer of TCE through the bio-beads, the diffusion coefficient of TCE through the various polymers used to create the beads was quantified. The quantification was completed by casting the polymers in membranes. With the quantification of the diffusion coefficient of TCE through various polymer membranes, development of the bio-beads can be modified in the future to improve the reaction kinetics of the bioremediation of TCE.
Book Synopsis Reductive Dechlorination and Enhanced Bioremediation of Herbicide/pesticide Contaminated Soils and Sediments by : Canada. Technology Development Directorate
Download or read book Reductive Dechlorination and Enhanced Bioremediation of Herbicide/pesticide Contaminated Soils and Sediments written by Canada. Technology Development Directorate and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria by : Lorenz Adrian
Download or read book Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria written by Lorenz Adrian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning bacteria that use halogenated organic compounds as respiratory electron acceptors. The discovery of organohalide-respiring bacteria has expanded the range of electron acceptors used for energy conservation, and serves as a prime example of how scientific discoveries are enabling innovative engineering solutions that have transformed remediation practice. Individual chapters provide in-depth background information on the discovery, isolation, phylogeny, biochemistry, genomic features, and ecology of individual organohalide-respiring genera, including Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum, as well as organohalide-respiring members of the Deltaproteobacteria. The book introduces readers to the fascinating biology of organohalide-respiring bacteria, offering a valuable resource for students, engineers and practitioners alike.
Book Synopsis Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation by : Hans F. Stroo
Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites by : National Research Council
Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Book Synopsis Contaminants in the Subsurface by : National Research Council
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
