Biomimetic Dicalcium Phosphate Cements For Improved Bone Regeneration

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Biomimetic Dicalcium Phosphate Cements for Improved Bone Regeneration

Author : Alaa Mansour
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomimetic Dicalcium Phosphate Cements for Improved Bone Regeneration by : Alaa Mansour

Download or read book Biomimetic Dicalcium Phosphate Cements for Improved Bone Regeneration written by Alaa Mansour and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Decellularized bone matrices (e.g. bone allografts) are excellent materials for bone regeneration; however, the reasons for their unique regenerative properties are still not well understood. Besides growth factors such as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), it seems that other bone extracellular matrix (ECM) components including trace metals and proteins have a role in stimulating bone regeneration. On the other hand, it remains unclear how these bone-derived materials promote regeneration without inducing unfavorable host immune reactions (i.e. foreign body response). Unveiling the mechanisms underlying these actions could help improve the regenerative performance of synthetic bone replacement materials. Synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics, especially dicalcium phosphates, are very useful for bone regeneration; however, their regenerative performance requires substantial improvement. It seems that mimicking the composition of bone ECM could be a promising strategy to achieve this target. We hypothesized that modifying the composition of synthetic CaP bioceramics with trace metals or proteins of bone ECM would improve their in vivo integration and regenerative performance. To test our hypothesis, we conducted two separate studies to assess the effect of incorporating these constituents on the bone regenerative functionality of CaP bioceramics. In the first study, we introduced, for the first time, a simple approach to fabricate CaP bioceramic cements containing a biomimetic elemental composition using a bovine bone-derived apatite material. We demonstrated the superior in vivo regenerative performance of these cements compared to control cements made from synthetic CaP reagents. This finding helps explain the reason behind the excellent regenerative properties of natural bone grafts in general, and inorganic bone xenografts (e.g. Bio-Oss) in particular. It also opens the door towards the possibility to fabricate customized 3D-printed xenografts for a wide range of bone regeneration applications. The second study presented a novel method to improve biomaterial/host integration and modulate the immune responses in a way that favors bone healing. We discovered that coating CaP bioceramics with bone ECM protein extracts, especially those rich in calcium binding proteins, modulated their interaction with plasma proteins in vitro by reducing the surface proteomic signature of the innate immune response proteins. In addition, this coating attenuated the inflammatory response upon in vivo implantation, which created an environment that favors osteoblastogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis, thus, resulting in increased new bone formation around the bioceramics. We also showed that those bone ECM proteins could be 3D-printed into customized hydrogel scaffolds with improved bone regeneration capabilities. According to our results, it can be concluded that bone ECM trace elements and specific proteins play an important role in presenting the excellent bone regeneration outcomes obtained with natural bone grafts. We believe that these findings pave the way to a new generation of synthetic biomaterials that would eventually be able to replicate bone-derived graft materials and offer potential clinical benefits for patients suffering from bone loss problems. " --

Bone Cement

Author : Hamid Reza Rezaie
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030397165
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Bone Cement by : Hamid Reza Rezaie

Download or read book Bone Cement written by Hamid Reza Rezaie and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the composition of polymeric and ceramic bone cements. It also discusses complex, biomimetic structures based on biomaterials, such as cells and bioactive molecules, which more closely resemble natural bone The first chapter describes the main concepts of the cementation process and the parameters affecting it, while the second chapter focuses on the composition and structure of candidate biomaterials. Lastly, the third and fourth chapters present recent research aimed at improving the ability of naked biomaterials to enhance bone healing by adding cells and bioactive agents.

Developments and Applications of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements

Author : Changsheng Liu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811059756
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Developments and Applications of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements by : Changsheng Liu

Download or read book Developments and Applications of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements written by Changsheng Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art review of the latest advances in developing calcium- phosphate bone cements and their applications. It covers the synthesis methods, characterization approaches, material modification and novel binders, as well as the fabrication technologies of calcium-phosphate-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine and their clinical applications. It also highlights methodologies for fabricating scaffolds, biofunctional surfaces/interfaces and subsequently modulating the host response to implantable/injectable materials, and integrates a series of discussions and insights into calcium-phosphate cements and constructs in bone regenerative medicine. As such, the book not only covers the fundamentals but also opens new avenues for meeting future challenges in research and clinical applications.

New Approaches in Calcium Phosphate Cements and Ceramics for Bone Regeneration

Author : Sara Gallinetti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis New Approaches in Calcium Phosphate Cements and Ceramics for Bone Regeneration by : Sara Gallinetti

Download or read book New Approaches in Calcium Phosphate Cements and Ceramics for Bone Regeneration written by Sara Gallinetti and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone is among the most frequently transplanted tissues in the body. In Europe, about one million patients encounter a surgical bone reconstruction annually. The worldwide market of bone replacement materials is currently estimated at 5 billion Euros, with a 10% growth due to the ageing of the population. Natural grafts present several drawbacks which pushed scientists to investigate synthetic biomaterials. Although most synthetic bone substitutes available possess some of the positive properties of autografts, none yet have all the benefits of one's own bone. Among the available biomaterials, Calcium Phosphates (CaPs) are of great interest. Nonetheless, these materials can still be improved in several respects. The main aim of this PhD Thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the properties of CaPs for bone regeneration with primary regard to Calcium Phosphate Cements (CPCs). The Thesis is divided in three main parts: i) Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Cements (BCPCs) with modified solubility and ion release; ii) Fibre Reinforced Calcium Phosphate cements (FRCPCs) with improved mechanical properties; iii) Macroporous CaP scaffolds for simvastatin acid release. In the first part novel biphasic CDHA/ß-TCP cements were obtained by mixing two Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) polymorphs with different solubility (a-TCP and ß-TCP) at different a-TCP/ß-TCP ratios, and characterised in terms of setting properties, mechanical properties, and degradation. In the second part of this manuscript, new FRCPCs were fabricated with a focus on improving the adhesion fibres/matrix, in order to enhance the load transfer and, thus, the toughness of the material and their physico-chemical properties were investigated. Different approaches were studied. The first approach was to increase the chemical affinity of the fibres towards the matrix, adding an element in the matrix with high affinity to the fibres. In the first approach, TryMethyl Chitosan (TMC) was introduced in the liquid phase of a matrix reinforced with chitosan fibres. In the same line, lactic acid (LA) was added in the liquid phase of cements reinforced with Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) yarns. The biological characterisation of FRCPCs was explored using human osteoblastic-like cells MG63 . Another approach was to investigate the potential of low temperature plasma surface modification of PLLA yarns for reinforcement of CPCs. Oxygen low pressure plasma was employed at different treatment times and the surface properties of the untreated and plasma-treated PLLA were evaluated. The third part of this Thesis consisted in producing low temperature (CDHA) or high temperature (ß-TCP) macroporous scaffolds as carriers for Simvastatin acid (SVA), an osteogenic and angiogenic promoter. In order to modulate the drug release beyond the intrinsic capacity of the material, plasma polymerisation with PCL:PEG copolymers was used to dry-coat the CaP scaffolds. The material properties, the plasma polymer layer and the drug release from the scaffold were characterised.

Calcium Phosphate Nanocoatings for Bone Regeneration

Author : Andy H. Choi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819955068
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Calcium Phosphate Nanocoatings for Bone Regeneration by : Andy H. Choi

Download or read book Calcium Phosphate Nanocoatings for Bone Regeneration written by Andy H. Choi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-11 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth assessment on the latest clinical advances in multifunctional calcium phosphate nanocoatings and its influence on bone regeneration and early healing following implantation. A greater emphasis will be placed on the use of nanocomposite coatings to deliver biological materials such as mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, bone morphogenetic and extracellular matrix proteins, and pharmaceutics such as simvastatin to improve and promote bone growth as well as reducing the timeframe needed for implant integration in both healthy and osteoporotic patients. The content of the book caters to clinical practitioners and researchers working in the field of biomaterials for bone regeneration.

Calcium Orthophosphates

Author : Sergey V. Dorozhkin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9814364177
Total Pages : 863 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Calcium Orthophosphates by : Sergey V. Dorozhkin

Download or read book Calcium Orthophosphates written by Sergey V. Dorozhkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-04 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium orthophospha

New Processing and Applications of Collagen Containing Calcium Phosphate Cements

Author : Román Pérez Antoñanzas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis New Processing and Applications of Collagen Containing Calcium Phosphate Cements by : Román Pérez Antoñanzas

Download or read book New Processing and Applications of Collagen Containing Calcium Phosphate Cements written by Román Pérez Antoñanzas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When bone regeneration is needed, natural bone grafts are widely used. They are the best option since they present the same composition to that of bone, contain living cells with osteogenic potential, growth factors that induce cell differentiation into osteoblasts and extracellular matrix proteins that facilitate bone healing. However, this system presents some drawbacks, such as pain, morbidity, possible transmission of diseases in some cases, as well as limited availability. That is why synthetic bone grafts are one of the main objectives of the research in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This new discipline is based on the development of new biomaterials and on the comprehension of the interactions between the cells and the material in order to enhance the bone healing response. The present thesis is focused on calcium phosphate cements-based materials. CPC have the ability to transform an injectable paste made of calcium phosphates, into a phase similar to that of bone, hydroxyapatite. The CPC are well known for their osteoconductive properties. Nevertheless, these may be improved from a biological point of view and can be further processed to obtain materials with new morphologies and different applications. Therefore, the incorporation of collagen in these CPC was though as a way to enhance their biological performance. Furthermore, new processing approaches were studied, as well as their applications in new fields. The thesis is divided in three main parts: i) injectable composite cements; ii) composite macroporous scaffolds for tissue engineering and iii) composite microcarriers. In the first part, the fabrication of injectable composite cements is described as well their physico-chemical and morphological features. It is observed that the setting reaction is delayed in the presence of collagen during the initial minutes of reaction. Already after 1 hour the kinetics are similar in the presence and absence of collagen, without affecting the final product of reaction. The presence of collagen increases the injectability of the cements, whereas the mechanical properties decrease as the collagen concentration increases. From a biological point of view, the addition of collagen results in an increase in the initial cell adhesion as well as an increase in the cell proliferation rates. In the second part, macroporous scaffolds made of collagen and CPC are fabricated. These scaffolds are prepared through the freeze-drying of a collagen-CPC slurry. Different amounts of CPC are incorporated in the scaffolds. When mesenchymal stem cells are cultured on these scaffolds, it is observed that as the CPC content increases in the scaffolds, the cell differentiation increases, whereas the proliferation decreases. Further improvement of the scaffolds can be achieved though the incorporation of a BMP-7 gene into the scaffolds, in order to stimulate their osteoinductivity. The results show that as the gene incorporated in the scaffolds increases, there is an increase in the BMP-7 production, although this increase is associated with an increase in cell proliferation. In the third and final part, spherical microcarriers containing either gelatin or collagen are produced through the setting reaction of the CPC in a water in oil emulsion. The emulsion and CPC compositions can be adjusted in order to control the final features of the microcarriers. The in vitro characterization of the microcarriers reveals that under static and dynamic culturing conditions, microcarrieres are able to support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation.

Advanced Synthesis and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphates

Author : S.S. Nanda
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040021263
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Synthesis and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphates by : S.S. Nanda

Download or read book Advanced Synthesis and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphates written by S.S. Nanda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-05-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium phosphate materials are used in many medical and dental applications. Advanced Synthesis and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphates covers the structure, chemistry, synthesis, and properties of both natural and synthetic calcium-based biomaterials and details a variety of medical applications. Depicts the latest advances in using calcium phosphates in bone regeneration and tissue engineering Includes the latest generation of regenerative biomaterials with an integrated perspective combining both research and clinical issues Provides an understanding of the clinical targets and requirements for regenerative medicine Detailing fundamentals through applications, this book helps biomaterials researchers to better understand the clinical targets and requirements for use of these materials for optimal synthesis and development.

Advanced Bioactive Inorganic Materials for Bone Regeneration and Drug Delivery

Author : Chengtie Wu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466551992
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Bioactive Inorganic Materials for Bone Regeneration and Drug Delivery by : Chengtie Wu

Download or read book Advanced Bioactive Inorganic Materials for Bone Regeneration and Drug Delivery written by Chengtie Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioceramics play an important role in repairing and regenerating defective or damaged bone. Annually, more than 500,000 bone graft procedures are performed in the United States and approximately 2.2 million are conducted worldwide. Advanced Bioactive Inorganic Materials for Bone Regeneration and Drug Delivery reviews the latest advances in the field of bioceramics. The book summarizes innovative concepts, bioceramic design, and methods for material synthesis and drug delivery. Offering guidance for biomedical engineering researchers and material scientists, the book explores: Novel mesoporous bioactive glasses and silicate-based ceramics for bone regeneration and drug delivery Bioactive silicate ceramics, including their mechanical properties, interaction with bone-forming cells, and in vivo osteogenesis and angiogenesis Silica nanospheres with a core-shell structure and their specific properties for controllable drug delivery The 3D-printing technique to prepare advanced bioceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications—including the preparation, mechanical strength, and biological properties of 3D-printed porous scaffolds of calcium phosphate cement and silicate bioceramics Biomimetic preparation and controllable crystal growth and biomineralization of bioceramics Inorganic and organic composite materials and their unique biological, electrical, and mechanical properties that enable the design of excellent bone regeneration and gene delivery systems A comprehensive survey of the research progress of bioceramics and their applications in bone repair and regeneration, this volume is designed to enhance study and career development for those in this field and to facilitate further research and opportunities for new solutions.

Calcium Orthophosphates

Author : Sergey V. Dorozhkin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9814316628
Total Pages : 872 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Calcium Orthophosphates by : Sergey V. Dorozhkin

Download or read book Calcium Orthophosphates written by Sergey V. Dorozhkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-04 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium orthophosphates. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. A comprehensive overview of calcium orthophosphates, this book highlights their importance and biomedical uses.

Orthopaedic Bone Cements

Author : S Deb
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845695178
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Orthopaedic Bone Cements by : S Deb

Download or read book Orthopaedic Bone Cements written by S Deb and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone cements are widely used in orthopaedic applications to anchor implants to existing bone, reconstruct bone and deliver bioactive agents to the body. With an increasing number of bone cements available, it is vital that the correct material is selected for specific clinical procedures. Orthopaedic bone cements reviews the most recent research in this field. Part one discusses the current uses of orthopaedic bone cements with chapters on such topics as hip replacements, verteboplasty and wear particles and osteolysis. Part two reviews materials and types of cement such as acrylic, polymethylmethacrylate and calcium phosphate cements. Chapters in Part three address the mechanical properties of bone cements such as fracture toughness and dynamic creep. The final section examines methods to enhance the properties of bone cements with coverage of themes such as antibiotic loaded bone cements and bioactive cements. With its eminent editor and multidisciplinary team of international contributors, Orthopaedic bone cements is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, medical researchers and all those involved in the development of bone cements for orthopaedic applications and joint replacement. Provides a review of recent research focussing on improving the mechanical and biological performance of bone cements Discusses the current applications of bone cements particularly in hip replacement, verteboplasty and wear particles Reviews types of materials and acrylic, polymethlymethacrylate and calcium phosphate as types of cements

Calcium Phosphate-based Resorbable Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Author : Daniel O. Costa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Calcium Phosphate-based Resorbable Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration by : Daniel O. Costa

Download or read book Calcium Phosphate-based Resorbable Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration written by Daniel O. Costa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone defects are a prevalent problem in orthopedics and dentistry. Calcium phosphate-based coatings and nanocomposites offer unique solutions towards producing scaffolds with suitable physical, mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration. We developed a novel method to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HA) particles with high aspect ratio using sol-gel chemistry and hydrothermal treatment. We obtained tunable pure-phase carbonated-HA in the form of micro/nanorods and nanowires (diameters 25-800 nm). To mimic the structure of bone, HA nanowires were homogenously mixed within poly( -caprolactone) (PCL) to produce nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties as determined by uniaxial tensile testing. Surface chemistry and topography of biomaterials play prominent roles in regulating cell adhesion and differentiation. Bone-like apatite coatings, produced by incubating materials in a simulated body fluid (SBF), improve the osteoconductivity of scaffold materials. However, few studies have controlled the surface topography of biomimetic HA. We assessed the effect of SBF ion concentration and soaking time on the surface properties of apatite coatings. Calcium phosphates such as carbonated-HA with similar chemical composition and stiffness were deposited onto PCL films. Characterization of these coatings revealed an increase in topographical complexity and surface roughness with increasing ion concentration of SBF and soaking time. To investigate their potential application in bone regeneration, we studied the influence of topography of biomimetic HA coatings on the behavior of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. Osteoblast attachment and differentiation were significantly greater iv when cultured on rougher HA surfaces (Ra 2̃ m) than on smoother topographies (Ra 1̃ m). In contrast, activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (an osteoclast marker) was greater on smoother than on rougher HA surfaces. Furthermore, osteoclastic resorption lacunae were found exclusively on smoother HA coatings. Inhibition of resorption on rougher HA surfaces was associated with disruption of filamentous actin sealing zones. In conclusion, HA coatings can be prepared with different topographies, which regulate responses of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Thus, it may be possible to design HA-polymer composites and HA-coated polymers with physical, mechanical and biological properties suitable for tissue engineering. By modulating topography, rates of bone formation and biodegradation could be tailored for specific applications in orthopedics and dentistry.

Synthesis, Characterisation and Performance of Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes

Author : Zeeshan Sheikh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthesis, Characterisation and Performance of Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes by : Zeeshan Sheikh

Download or read book Synthesis, Characterisation and Performance of Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes written by Zeeshan Sheikh and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Synthetic bone graft substitutes are frequently used to fill defects with significant bone loss to prevent fibrous tissue ingrowth and loss of function. Bone grafts are often used to augment deficient alveolar ridges allowing placement of dental implants subsequent to prior bone loss. Although autografts, allografts and xenografts have been used and researched extensively, they have inherent limitations. To overcome these, synthetic alternatives, such as calcium phosphate cement-based biomaterials are being developed. Brushite and monetite are acidic calcium phosphates having similar chemical composition. However, their in vivo behavior differs in terms of resorption and bone response. Although brushite and monetite have been shown to resorb faster in vivo than hydroxyapatite (HA), a significant reduction in the rate of resorption occurs following phase conversion of brushite to insoluble HA. As such differences between bone grafts are attributed to material composition even though physical properties such as surface area and porosity invariably differ. This thesis focuses on determining the factors and mechanisms that makes these chemically similar materials behave differently in vivo. We produced brushite cement grafts and converted them to two types of monetite by using wet (autoclaving) and dry heat (under vacuum) dehydration which resulted in materials with differing physicochemical properties. These grafts were then aged in vitro using bovine serum and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, implanted subcutaneously, in femoral condyles and onlay grafted on calvaria. The dissolution, resorption and bone formation potential of these dicalcium phosphate cement grafts was assessed and compared. Also, we developed a new alkali ion (sodium and potassium) substituted calcium phosphate cement, reinforced with silica and set using phytic acid. The set cement blocks were aged in PBS solutions and their in vitro dissolution and degradation along with other physico-chemical properties was assessed.Results presented in this Ph.D thesis discuss and shed light on the fundamental yet not understood questions regarding the relative contributions from chemico- vs physico-biomaterial properties in graft resorption and bone regeneration. This will allow in future the preparation of improved calcium phosphate-based bone substitute grafts with potential to achieve higher clinical efficiency. " --

High Toughness Biocompatible Resorbable Bone Cements

Author : Hanan Moussa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis High Toughness Biocompatible Resorbable Bone Cements by : Hanan Moussa

Download or read book High Toughness Biocompatible Resorbable Bone Cements written by Hanan Moussa and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Bone substitutes need to be tough and bioresorbable in many clinical applications, especially in load-bearing areas. However, the available biomaterials are either too brittle or do not resorb upon implantation, which a critical characteristic for optimal bone regeneration. Accordingly, the goal of this thesis is to create high-toughness biocompatible bone substitutes with a resorption rate matching bone formation rate. Calcium- phosphates dihydrate (brushite) and calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) are very promising bone substitute biomaterials because of their high calcium content, biocompatibility, and bioresorbability. However, the incompatible resorption rate and brittleness of these materials limit their use, especially in load-bearing areas. Unlike brittle synthetic bone cements/ ceramics, natural biominerals such as bone and teeth have remarkable mechanical properties resulting from the controlled size, shape, and organization of their inorganic crystals. This is achieved by biomineralization proteins that are homochiral, composed of L-amino acids. In addition to crystal structure organization, the toughening mechanisms in these biological mineralized tissues include promoting crack deflection and grain bridging also achieved through the action of organic fibers, such as mineralized collagen. In this thesis, we hypothesized that tough, resorbable bone cements could be produced using a biomimetic approach in which the crystallographic structure of inorganic cements is controlled by chiral biomolecules and reinforced with functionalized organic fibers. In the first study, we assessed the impact of chiral biomolecules on the crystal structure and the mechanical properties of brushite cements. We show that the addition of homochiral L-(+)-tartaric acid improved the mechanical properties of brushite cements by decreasing their crystal size, following the classic Hall-Petch strengthening effect; D-( - )-tartaric acid had the opposite effect. Characterization of brushite crystals from the macro- to the atomic-level revealed that this regulation is attributable to a stereochemical matching between L-(+)-tartaric acid and the chiral steps of brushite crystals, which results in inhibition of brushite crystallization. In the second study, we studied the effect of various chiral [alpha]-hydroxycarboxylic acids on the properties of gypsum cements. This study demonstrates that chiral L-(+)-hydroxycarboxylic acids can effectively improve the mechanical properties of gypsum cements by controlling crystal size and morphology. In contrast, D-enantiomer had a weak effect. Thus, these results prove the generalizability of this approach and help to fabricate high strength cements. These results could also help develop mechanically strong biomaterials and shed light on the role of chiral molecules in the biomineralization process. In the third study, we used chiral biomolecules to develop brushite-gypsum composites with optimized mechanical properties and resorption rates and reinforcing them with resorbable functionalized polyglactin fibers. By combining brushite and gypsum, we were able to fabricate biocompatible composite with high fracture toughness, and a resorption rate that matched the rate of new bone formation. Adding functionalized polyglactin fibers to this composite cement further improved the fracture toughness of this composites. XPS and SEM revealed that the improvement in fracture toughness is attributed to the strong interfacial bonding between the functionalized fibers and the cement matrix. This study showed that adding gypsum and functionalized polyglactin fibers to brushite cements result in composite biomaterials that combine high fracture toughness, resorbability, and biocompatibility, and have great potential for bone regeneration"--

Cement Based Materials

Author : Hosam El-Din M. Saleh
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789841534
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Cement Based Materials by : Hosam El-Din M. Saleh

Download or read book Cement Based Materials written by Hosam El-Din M. Saleh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cement-based materials have been used by humans nearly since the dawn of civilization. The Egyptians used lime and gypsum cement to bind their aggregate materials, mud and straw, resulting in bricks that are used for building their famous Egyptian pyramids (between 3000 and 2500 BC). Hydrated cement is a cement material bonded together with water and used for building construction; it is characterized by acceptable chemical, physical, thermal, mechanical, and structural stability. It plays a main role in the creation of vessels for storage, roads to travel on, weather-resistant structure for protection, inert hard stabilizer for hazardous wastes, and so on. Due to the composition of these materials and their advantages, it has been practiced in different applications. Cement is an essential component of making concrete, the single most prevalent building material used worldwide for construction, skyscrapers, highways, tunnels, bridges, hydraulic dams, and railway ties. Besides their numerous desired properties, there are some undesirable features. To overcome these disadvantages, several studies were established to prepare, improve, and evaluate innovative cement-based materials. Despite its oldness and deep research, every year several methods and materials evolve and so do cement technology. This book intends to provide a comprehensive overview on recent advances in the evaluation of these materials.

A Study of the Rheological Properties and Injectability of Calcium Phosphate Cements : Application to Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures and Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering Through Rapid Prototyping

Download A Study of the Rheological Properties and Injectability of Calcium Phosphate Cements : Application to Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures and Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering Through Rapid Prototyping PDF Online Free

Author : Yassine Maazouz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis A Study of the Rheological Properties and Injectability of Calcium Phosphate Cements : Application to Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures and Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering Through Rapid Prototyping by : Yassine Maazouz

Download or read book A Study of the Rheological Properties and Injectability of Calcium Phosphate Cements : Application to Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures and Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering Through Rapid Prototyping written by Yassine Maazouz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work addresses two different applications enabled by a specific and useful property of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs): injectability. On the one hand minimally invasive procedures involving the use of CPCs are based on the injectability of such biomaterials, and on the other hand extrusion-based additive manufacturing processes such as robocasting rely on this property to correctly manufacture personalized 3D-printed scaffolds for the treatment of large bone defects. The present thesis is divided in three different sections. The first one consists in a study of the differences of injectability of aqueous pastes of the two allotropic forms of tricalcium phosphate, namely a- and ß-TCP. The reactivity of the powder was shown to play a significant role in the injectability of TCP pastes. Significant differences were observed between the injection behaviour of non-hardening ß-TCP pastes and that of selfhardening a-TCP pastes. The differences were more marked at low liquid-to-powder ratios, using fine powders and injecting through thin needles. Although, as a general trend, faster-setting pastes were less injectable, some exceptions to this rule were found. For example, whereas in the absence of setting accelerants fine TCP powders were more injectable than the coarse ones, in spite of their shorter setting times, this trend was inverted when setting accelerants were added, and coarse powders were more injectable than the fine ones. In the second section thermoresponsive pastes are developed through the combination of CPCs with an inversethermoresponsive hydrogel. Although calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are used for bone regeneration in a wide range of clinical applications, various physicochemical phenomena are known to hinder their potential use in minimally invasive surgery or in highly vascularized surgical sites, mainly because of their lack of injectability or their low washout resistance. The proposed strategy allowed to finely tune the cohesive and rheological properties of CPCs to achieve clinical acceptable injectability. It avoided phase separation during implantation and improved cohesion, avoiding washout of the paste. Using the knowledge acquired about the injectability behaviour of TCP pastes, the additive manufacturing of 3D printed scaffolds is studied in the last section. More precisely, this study dealt with the robocasting of alpha-tricalcium phosphate/gelatine reactive slurries as a bioinspired self-setting ink for the production of biomimetic hydroxyapatite/gelatine scaffolds. A controlled and totally interconnected pore network of approximately 300 μm was obtained after ink printing and setting, with the struts consisting of a micro/nanoporous matrix of needle-shaped calcium deficient hydroxyapatite crystals, with a high specific surface area. Gelatine was effectively retained by chemical crosslinking. The setting reaction of the ink resulted in a significant increase of both the elastic modulus and the compressive strength of the scaffolds, which were within the range of the human trabecular bone. In addition to delaying the onset of the setting reaction, thus providing enough time for printing, gelatine provided the viscoelastic properties to the strands to support their own weight, and additionally enhanced mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and proliferation on the surface of the scaffold. Altogether this new processing approach opens good perspectives for the design of hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering with enhanced reactivity and resorption rate.

Mineralized Collagen Bone Graft Substitutes

Author : Xiu-Mei Wang
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081027397
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Mineralized Collagen Bone Graft Substitutes by : Xiu-Mei Wang

Download or read book Mineralized Collagen Bone Graft Substitutes written by Xiu-Mei Wang and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineralized Collagen Bone Graft Substitutes presents a comprehensive study of biomimetic mineralized collagen, synthesized in vitro, a next generation biomaterial for bone regeneration. By focusing both on fundamental research and the clinical use of this novel material, the book provides a complete examination, from bench to bedside. Chapters discuss natural bone and familiar biomaterials for bone repair, the preparation and safety of mineralized collagen, products made of mineralized collagen, and present clinical case studies. This book is an invaluable and unique resource for researchers, clinicians, students and industrialists in the area of orthopedics and dentistry. Provides a deep analysis of synthetic collagen, from bench to bedside Systematically examines the structure, principles, properties, biomimetic synthesis and characterization of mineralized collagen for bone repair Includes case studies that look at a range of clinical bone repair applications of Mineralized collagen and their clinical results