Biomass To Ethanol Pathways

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Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels

Author : Abu Yousuf
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128162805
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels by : Abu Yousuf

Download or read book Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels written by Abu Yousuf and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels explores the existing technologies and most recent developments for the production of second generation liquid biofuels, providing an introduction to lignocellulosic biomass and the processes for its conversion into biofuels. The book demonstrates biorefinery concepts compared with petro refinery, as well as the challenges of second generation biofuels processing. In addition to current pre-treatment techniques and their technical, environmental and economic implications, chapters included also further examine the particularities of conversion processes for bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel through chemical, biochemical and combined approaches. Finally, the book looks into concepts and tools for techno-economic and environmental analysis, which include supply chain assessment, by-products, zero-waste techniques and process evaluation and optimization. Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels is particularly useful for researchers in the field of liquid biofuels seeking alternative chemical and biochemical pathways or those interested advanced methods to calculate maximum yield for each process and methods to simulate the implications and costs of scaling up. Furthermore, with the introduction provided by this volume, researchers and graduate students entering the field will be able to quickly get up to speed and identify knowledge gaps in existing and upcoming technology the book's comprehensive overview. - Examines the state-of-the-art technology for liquid biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass - Provides a comprehensive overview of the existing chemical and biochemical processes for second generation biofuel conversion - Presents tools for the techno-economic and environmental analysis of technologies, as well as for the scale-up simulation of conversion processes

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309484529
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Transportation Biofuels

Author : Alwin Hoogendoorn
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849730431
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Transportation Biofuels by : Alwin Hoogendoorn

Download or read book Transportation Biofuels written by Alwin Hoogendoorn and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current world fossil oil production is struggling to meet demand and may even show a decline after 2010. It is therefore necessary to develop new energy-efficient production pathways for transportation biofuels. This book offers an insight into three promising and innovative pathways for the biological production of ethanol, biogas and biodiesel. These unconventional methods should provide higher product yields, less stringent feedstock specifications, lower chemical additive demand, reduced waste production and much better energy balances when compared to more traditional methods. One pathway concerns the enzymatic production of a new kind of biodiesel where no glycerol waste is produced and an up to twenty percent higher product yield is obtained. The other two pathways are based on the biological conversion of syngas into ethanol or methane using various kinds of lignocellulosic biomass as the starting point. For each of the three pathways a comparison will be made with competing production methods. The contents reflect extended desktop research and show practical experimental results. Government scientists, academics and biofuel producers with an interest in novel transportation fuels will all find this book to be essential reading.

Biomass Utilization

Author : Wilfred Cote
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475708335
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass Utilization by : Wilfred Cote

Download or read book Biomass Utilization written by Wilfred Cote and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume represents the culmination of nearly three years of planning, organizing and carrying out of a NATO Ad vanced Study Institute on Biomass Utilization. The effort was initi ated by Dr. Harry Sobel, then Editor of Biosources Digest, and a steering committee representing the many disciplines that this field brings together. . When the fiscal and logistical details of the original plan could not be worked out, the idea was temporarily suspended. In the spring of 1982, the Renewable Materials Institute of the State University of New York at the College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, New York revived the plan. A number of modifications had to be made, including the venue which was changed from the U.S.A. to Portugal. Additional funding beyond the basic support provided by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO had to be obtained. Ul timately there were supplementary grants from the Foundation for Microbiology and the Anne S. Richardson Fund to assist student participants. The New York State College of Forestry Foundation, Inc. provided major support through the Renewable Ma terials Institute. The ASI was held in Alcabideche, Portugal from September 26 to October 9, 1982. Eighty participants including fifteen principal lecturers were assembled at the Hotel Sintra Estoril for the program that was organized as a comprehensive course on biomass utilization. The main lectures were supplemented by relevant short papers offered by the participants.

Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass)

Author : Martin Kaltschmitt
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781493978120
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (781 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass) by : Martin Kaltschmitt

Download or read book Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass) written by Martin Kaltschmitt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference is a state-of-the-art survey of biomass as an energy carrier for the provision of heat, electricity, and transportation fuel, considering technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects. On a global scale, biomass contributes roughly 12 to 16 % of the energy needed to cover the overall primary energy consumption. Thus far, it is humanity’s most important source of renewable energy, used on practically all continents and growing in importance even in industrialized nations. With detailed coverage of the production of solid, gaseous and liquid fuels, as well as a final energy provision, this volume serves as an introduction for readers just entering the field, but also offers new insights, up-to-date information, as well as latest findings for advanced researchers, industry experts, and decision makers.

Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes

Author : Jay Cheng
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439882495
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes by : Jay Cheng

Download or read book Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes written by Jay Cheng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuously increased consumption of fossil fuels, decreased availability of easily accessible fossil fuels, significant contributions to climate change and wildly fluctuating fuels prices have combine to challenge the reliability and sustainability of our current energy supply. A possible solution to this energy challenge, biomass energy producti

Biomass Recalcitrance

Author : Michael Himmel
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass Recalcitrance by : Michael Himmel

Download or read book Biomass Recalcitrance written by Michael Himmel and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2008-06-23 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the connection between biomass structure, ultrastructure, and composition, to resistance to enzymatic deconstruction, with the aim of discovering new cost-effective technologies for biorefineries. It contains chapters on topics extending from the highest levels of biorefinery design and biomass life-cycle analysis, to detailed aspects of plant cell wall structure, chemical treatments, enzymatic hydrolysis, and product fermentation options."--Pub. desc.

Bioenergy and Biofuel from Biowastes and Biomass

Author : Samir Kumar Khanal
Publisher : Amer Society of Civil Engineers
ISBN 13 : 9780784410899
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioenergy and Biofuel from Biowastes and Biomass by : Samir Kumar Khanal

Download or read book Bioenergy and Biofuel from Biowastes and Biomass written by Samir Kumar Khanal and published by Amer Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuel and bioenergy produced from biowastes and biomass is a clean energy source which can be produced renewably. The 21 chapters of this book provide state-of-the-art reviews, current research, and technology developments with respect to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation biofuels and bioenergy. The book focuses on the biological/ biochemical pathway, as this option has been reported to be the most cost-effective method for biofuel/bioenergy production. The opening chapter covers the overview of the current status of biofuel and bioenergy production. The rest of the chapters are grouped into seven categories; they cover biomethane production, microbial fuel cells, feedstock production, preprocessing, biomass pretreatment, enzyme hydrolysis, and syngas fermentation. Algal processes for biofuel production, biobutanol production, bioreactor systems, and value-added processing of biofuel residues are included. This book addresses life cycle analyses (LCA) of 1st and 2nd generation biofuels (from corn, soybean, jatropha, and cellulosic biomass) and the emerging applications of nanotechnology in biofuel/bioenergy production. The book is organized in such a way that each preceding chapter builds a foundation for the following one. At the end of each chapter, current research trends and further research needs are outlined. This is one of the first books in this emerging field of biofuel/bioenergy that provides in-depth technical information on the broad topics of biofuel and bioenergy with extensive illustrations, case studies, summary tables, and up-to-date references. This book will be valuable to researchers, instructors, senior undergraduate and graduate students, decision-makers, professionals, and others interested in the field of biofuel/bioenergy.

Bioenergy

Author : Anju Dahiya
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128154985
Total Pages : 892 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioenergy by : Anju Dahiya

Download or read book Bioenergy written by Anju Dahiya and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy: Biomass to Biofuels and Waste to Energy, Second Edition presents a complete overview of the bioenergy value chain, from feedstock to end products. It examines current and emerging feedstocks and advanced processes and technologies enabling the development of all possible alternative energy sources. Divided into seven parts, bioenergy gives thorough consideration to topics such as feedstocks, biomass production and utilization, life-cycle analysis, energy return on invested, integrated sustainability assessments, conversions technologies, biofuels economics, business, and policy. In addition, contributions from leading industry professionals and academics, augmented by related service-learning case studies and quizzes, provide readers with a comprehensive resource that connect theory to real-world implementation.Bioenergy: Biomass to Biofuels and Waste to Energy, Second Edition provides engineers, researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, and business professionals in the bioenergy field with valuable, practical information that can be applied to implementing renewable energy projects, choosing among competing feedstocks, technologies, and products. It also serves as a basic resource for civic leaders, economic development professionals, farmers, investors, fleet managers, and reporters interested in an organized introduction to the language, feedstocks, technologies, and products in the biobased renewable energy world. - Includes current and renewed subject matter, project case studies from real world, and topic-specific sections on the impacts of biomass use for energy production from all sorts of biomass feedstocks including organic waste of all kinds - Provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical information of all possible bioenergy resources: solid (wood energy, grass energy, waste, and other biomass), liquid (biodiesel, algae biofuel, ethanol, waste to oils, etc.), and gaseous/electric (biogas, syngas, biopower, RNG), and cutting-edge topics such as advanced fuels - Integrates current state of art coverage on feedstocks, cost-effective conversion processes, biofuels economic analysis, environmental policy, and triple bottom line - Features quizzes for each section derived from the implementation of actual hands-on biofuel projects as part of service learning

Review of the Department of Energy's Genomics: GTL Program

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309180716
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Review of the Department of Energy's Genomics: GTL Program by : National Research Council

Download or read book Review of the Department of Energy's Genomics: GTL Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-04-19 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) promotes scientific and technological innovation to advance the national, economic, and energy security of the United States. Recognizing the potential of microorganisms to offer new energy alternatives and remediate environmental contamination, DOE initiated the Genomes to Life program, now called Genomics: GTL, in 2000. The program aims to develop a predictive understanding of microbial systems that can be used to engineer systems for bioenergy production and environmental remediation, and to understand carbon cycling and sequestration. This report provides an evaluation of the program and its infrastructure plan. Overall, the report finds that GTL's research has resulted in and promises to deliver many more scientific advancements that contribute to the achievement of DOE's goals. However, the DOE's current plan for building four independent facilities for protein production, molecular imaging, proteome analysis, and systems biology sequentially may not be the most cost-effective, efficient, and scientifically optimal way to provide this infrastructure. As an alternative, the report suggests constructing up to four institute-like facilities, each of which integrates the capabilities of all four of the originally planned facility types and focuses on one or two of DOE's mission goals. The alternative infrastructure plan could have an especially high ratio of scientific benefit to cost because the need for technology will be directly tied to the biology goals of the program.

Biomass, Bioproducts and Biofuels

Author : Jorge M.T.B. Varejão
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000580768
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass, Bioproducts and Biofuels by : Jorge M.T.B. Varejão

Download or read book Biomass, Bioproducts and Biofuels written by Jorge M.T.B. Varejão and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-14 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its depletion and the environmental damage it causes, hydrocarbons are being replaced by energy from renewable sources. One such form of energy source is Biomass. Biomass is a renewable raw material generated by living organisms and found in agricultural waste in large quantities. The three main components of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The first two components are sugar polymers, being cellulosic ethanol a desirable goal for converting those. The truth is that the production of cellulosic ethanol has never passed the pilot unit phase, due to the lack of economic competitiveness. New ways must be found to make this viable. From the latest finding of the biomass structure, new biomass processing pathways are being advanced, constituting new biorefinery models, which will make it possible to obtain cellulosic ethanol concomitant with the production of different bioproducts such as xylitol, oligosaccharides, antioxidants and analogues to carbon fiber, etc. Lipid rich biomass is the source of foods oils. With population growth, the amounts of waste volume will increase. It is important to improve the processes of valorization of these residues, through their conversion into alcoholic esters of fatty acids, which can be used as fuel or in other domestic and industrial applications. This volume reviews advances and innovative applications in this field. It will encourage the use of new works and even unpublished works to use biomass or its components for the production of bioproducts and biofuels.

Technological Learning in the Energy Sector

Author : Martin Junginger
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849806845
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis Technological Learning in the Energy Sector by : Martin Junginger

Download or read book Technological Learning in the Energy Sector written by Martin Junginger and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This expert analysis provides an important contribution to understanding the technicalities of energy technology cost dynamics. Given the urgent need for delivery of low-cost renewable energy technologies in particular, it is vital to understand how to accelerate this process of technological learning.' - Miguel Mendonca, World Future Council, Germany

Energy

Author : Pardeep Singh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119741556
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy by : Pardeep Singh

Download or read book Energy written by Pardeep Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Global energy demand has more than doubled since 1970. The use of energy is strongly related to almost every conceivable aspect of development: wealth, health, nutrition, water, infrastructure, education and even life expectancy itself are strongly and significantly related to the consumption of energy per capita. Many development indicators are strongly related to per-capita energy consumption. Fossil fuel is the most conventional source of energy but also increases greenhouse gas emissions. The economic development of many countries has come at the cost of the environment. However, it should not be presumed that a reconciliation of the two is not possible. The nexus concept is the interconnection between the resource energy, water, food, land, and climate. Such interconnections enable us to address trade-offs and seek synergies among them. Energy, water, food, land, and climate are essential resources of our natural environment and support our quality of life. Competition between these resources is increasing globally and is exacerbated by climate change. Improving resilience and securing resource availability would require improving resource efficiency. Many policies and programs are announced nationally and internationally for replacing the conventional mode and also emphasizing on conservation of fossil fuels and reuse of exhausted energy, so a gap in implications and outcomes can be broadly traced by comparing the data. This book aims to highlight problems and solutions related to conventional energy utilization, formation, and multitudes of ecological impacts and tools for the conservation of fossil fuels. The book also discusses modern energy services as one of the sustainable development goals and how the pressure on resource energy disturbs the natural flows. The recent advances in alternative energy sources and their possible future growth are discussed and on how conventional energy leads to greenhouse gas formation, which reduces energy use efficiency. The different policies and models operating is also addressed, and the gaps that remained between them. Climate change poses a challenge for renewable energy, and thus it is essential to identify the factors that would reduce the possibility of relying on sustainable energy sources. This book will be of interest to researchers and stakeholders, students, industries, NGOs, and governmental agencies directly or indirectly associated with energy research.

Handbook of Cellulosic Ethanol

Author : Ananda S. Amarasekara
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118878426
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Cellulosic Ethanol by : Ananda S. Amarasekara

Download or read book Handbook of Cellulosic Ethanol written by Ananda S. Amarasekara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-17 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive coverage on the growing science and technologyof producing ethanol from the world's abundant cellulosicbiomass The inevitable decline in petroleum reserves and its impact ongasoline prices, combined with climate change concerns, havecontributed to current interest in renewable fuels. Bioethanol isthe most successful renewable transport fuel—with corn andsugarcane ethanol currently in wide use as blend-in fuels in theUnited States, Brazil, and a few other countries. However, thereare a number of major drawbacks in these first-generation biofuels,such as their effect on food prices, net energy balance, and poorgreenhouse gas mitigation. Alternatively, cellulosic ethanol can beproduced from abundant lignocellulosic biomass forms such asagricultural or municipal wastes, forest residues, fast growingtrees, or grasses grown in marginal lands, and should be produciblein substantial amounts to meet growing global energy demand. The Handbook of Cellulosic Ethanol covers all aspects ofthis new and vital alternative fuel source, providing readers withthe background, scientific theory, and recent research progress inproducing cellulosic ethanol via different biochemical routes, aswell as future directions. The seventeen chapters includeinformation on: Advantages of cellulosic ethanol over first-generation ethanolas a transportation fuel Various biomass feedstocks that can be used to make cellulosicethanol Details of the aqueous phase or cellulolysis route,pretreatment, enzyme or acid saccharification, fermentation,simultaneous saccharification fermentation, consolidatedbioprocessing, genetically modified microorganisms, and yeasts Details of the syngas fermentation or thermochemical route,gasifiers, syngas cleaning, microorganisms for syngas fermentation,and chemical catalysts for syngas-to-ethanol conversion Distillation and dehydration to fuel-grade ethanol Techno-economical aspects and the future of cellulosicethanol Readership Chemical engineers, chemists, and technicians working onrenewable energy and fuels in industry, research institutions, anduniversities. The Handbook can also be used by studentsinterested in biofuels and renewable energy issues.

Integrated Biorefineries

Author : Paul R. Stuart
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439803471
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Biorefineries by : Paul R. Stuart

Download or read book Integrated Biorefineries written by Paul R. Stuart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Biorefineries: Design, Analysis, and Optimization examines how to create a competitive edge in biorefinery innovation through integration into existing processes and infrastructure. Leading experts from around the world working in design, synthesis, and optimization of integrated biorefineries present the various aspects of this complex

Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass

Author : Badal C. Saha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass by : Badal C. Saha

Download or read book Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass written by Badal C. Saha and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for a wide variety of biotechnologists, this book provides a major review of the state-of-the-art in bioethanol production technologies, enzymatic biomass conversion, and biodiesel. It also provides a detailed explanation of a breakthrough in photosynthetic water splitting which could result in a doubling of the efficiency of solar energy conversion by green plants. The book covers production of lactic acid, succinic acid, 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and polyhydroxybutyrate and xylitol. It also includes a chapter on synthesis-gas fermentation.

Lignocellulose Conversion

Author : Vincenza Faraco
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642378617
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Lignocellulose Conversion by : Vincenza Faraco

Download or read book Lignocellulose Conversion written by Vincenza Faraco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Even if cellulosic biomass is less expensive than corn and sugarcane, the higher costs for its conversion make the near-term price of cellulosic ethanol higher than that of corn ethanol and even more than that of sugarcane ethanol. Conventional process for bioethanol production from lignocellulose includes a chemical/physical pre-treatment of lignocellulose for lignin removal, mostly based on auto hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, followed by saccharification of the free accessible cellulose portions of the biomass. The highest yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose portion are achieved by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, currently carried out using a mix of cellulases from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Reduction of (hemi)cellulases production costs is strongly required to increase competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production. The final step is the fermentation of sugars obtained from saccharification, typically performed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current process is optimized for 6-carbon sugars fermentation, since most of yeasts cannot ferment 5-carbon sugars. Thus, research is aimed at exploring new engineered yeasts abilities to co-ferment 5- and 6-carbon sugars. Among the main routes to advance cellulosic ethanol, consolidate bio-processing, namely direct conversion of biomass into ethanol by a genetically modified microbes, holds tremendous potential to reduce ethanol production costs. Finally, the use of all the components of lignocellulose to produce a large spectra of biobased products is another challenge for further improving competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production, developing a biorefinery.