Biological Soil Crusts An Organizing Principle In Drylands

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Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands

Author : Bettina Weber
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319302140
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands by : Bettina Weber

Download or read book Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands written by Bettina Weber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes our current understanding of biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which are omnipresent in dryland regions. Since they cover the soil surface, they influence, or even control, all surface exchange processes. Being one of the oldest terrestrial communities, biocrusts comprise a high diversity of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and bryophytes together with uncounted bacteria, and fungi. The authors show that biocrusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems, stabilizing soils, influencing plant germination and growth, and playing a key role in carbon, nitrogen and water cycling. Initial attempts have been made to use biocrusts as models in ecological theory. On the other hand, biocrusts are endangered by local disruptions and global change, highlighting the need for enhanced recovery methods. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the fascinating field of biocrust research, making it indispensable not only for scientists in this area, but also for land managers, policy makers, and anyone interested in the environment.

Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management

Author : Jayne Belnap
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642564755
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management by : Jayne Belnap

Download or read book Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management written by Jayne Belnap and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In arid lands, where vegetation is sparse or absent, the open ground is not bare but generally covered by a community of small, highly specialized organisms. Cyanobacteria, algae, microfungi, lichens, and bryophytes aggregate soil particles to form a coherent skin - the biological soil crust. It stabilizes and protects the soil surface from erosion by wind and water, influences water runoff and infiltration, and contributes nitrogen and carbon to desert soils. Soil surface disturbance, such as heavy livestock grazing, human trampling or off-road vehicles, breaks up the fragile soil crust, thus compromising its stability, structure, and productivity. This book is the first synthesis of the biology of soil crusts and their importance as an ecosystem component. Composition and functioning of different soil-crust types are discussed, and case studies are used to show the impact of crusts on landscape hydrology, soil stability, nutrient cycles, and land management.

Biological Soil Crusts: Spatio-temporal Development and Ecological Functions of Soil Surface Microbial Communities across Different Scales

Download Biological Soil Crusts: Spatio-temporal Development and Ecological Functions of Soil Surface Microbial Communities across Different Scales PDF Online Free

Author : Shubin Lan
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832553028
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Soil Crusts: Spatio-temporal Development and Ecological Functions of Soil Surface Microbial Communities across Different Scales by : Shubin Lan

Download or read book Biological Soil Crusts: Spatio-temporal Development and Ecological Functions of Soil Surface Microbial Communities across Different Scales written by Shubin Lan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-09 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are widely distributed throughout the world, and cover approximately 12% of the terrestrial surface. Biocrusts are composed of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, mosses, and a great diversity of other microorganisms, which bind soil particles together to form a layer of biological-soil matrix on the soil surface typically of several millimetres thickness. They are important sites of regional and global microbial diversity and perform multiple ecological functions (multifunctionality). During the evolution of terrestrial life on earth, biocrusts are regarded as the main colonising photosynthetic organisms before the advent of vascular vegetation. They not only represent the early stages of terrestrial ecosystems, but also facilitate the ecosystem’s development and succession. Therefore, biocrusts are recognised as ecological engineers in the natural development of ecosystems and for the restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems. The development of biocrusts is highly heterogeneous, which is reflected on both temporal and spatial scales, and this heterogeneity is still clearly visible even in a small scale. However, up to now, only limited knowledge is acquired on biocrust temporal and spatial organisation. In particular there still is a large knowledge gap regarding the various biocrust communities under different developmental states and their related physiological metabolisms and ecological functions. Therefore, in-depth studies of these issues will undoubtedly further promote our understanding of the heterogeneous development of biocrusts, as well as their ecological multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. The relevant contributions are expected to provide a scientific basis for the management of biocrusts and technology development (e.g. cyanobacteria-induced biocrust technology) for ecological restoration and the promotion of soil health.

Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances

Author : Vincent John Martin Noah Linus Felde
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889712559
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances by : Vincent John Martin Noah Linus Felde

Download or read book Ecological Development and Functioning of Biological Soil Crusts After Natural and Human Disturbances written by Vincent John Martin Noah Linus Felde and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Building Resilience to Climate Change

Author : Angela Andrade Pérez
Publisher : IUCN
ISBN 13 : 2831712904
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Resilience to Climate Change by : Angela Andrade Pérez

Download or read book Building Resilience to Climate Change written by Angela Andrade Pérez and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2010 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With climate change now a certainty, the question is how much change there will be and what can be done about it. One of the answers is through adaptation. Many of the lessons that are being learned in adaptation are from success stories from the field. This publication contains eleven case studies covering different ecosystems and regions around the world. Its aim is to summarize some current applications of the Ecosystem-Based Adaptation concept and its tools used around the world, and also draw lessons from experiences in conservation adaptation.

Biocrust-forming cyanobacteria inoculation to restore degraded soils from dryland ecosystems

Author : José Raúl Román Fernández
Publisher : Universidad Almería
ISBN 13 : 8413510554
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Biocrust-forming cyanobacteria inoculation to restore degraded soils from dryland ecosystems by : José Raúl Román Fernández

Download or read book Biocrust-forming cyanobacteria inoculation to restore degraded soils from dryland ecosystems written by José Raúl Román Fernández and published by Universidad Almería. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En las zonas áridas, la acción combinada del cambio climático y el aumento de la presión humana están causando una degradación acelerada de los ecosistemas. En este contexto, es necesario investigar nuevas estrategias de restauración que nos permitan mejorar las acciones de restauración en estas zonas. Para ello, en esta tesis se exploró el uso de biocostras, comunidades de organismos que colonizan los primeros centímetros del suelo y que viven en estrecha asociación con las partículas del suelo, para la recuperación de suelos degradados en ecosistemas áridos. De entre todos sus componentes, se investigó el potencial uso restaurador de la inoculación con especies de cianobacterias formadoras de biocostras, pues son los organismos que más potencial presentan para restaurar zonas áridas debido a sus condiciones fisiológicas adaptadas a ambientes extremos y su facilidad para ser aisladas y cultivadas ex situ. En concreto, se evaluó la viabilidad de diferentes especies nativas de cianobacterias para promover el desarrollo de una nueva biocostra que mejore las condiciones de los suelos degradados de zonas áridas, así como estrategias para la reducción del estrés ambiental en condiciones de campo. Los resultados de esta tesis constituyen un avance significativo en el uso de esta tecnología para recuperar suelos afectados por la degradación en ecosistemas áridos.

The Fungal Community

Author : John Dighton
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498706673
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fungal Community by : John Dighton

Download or read book The Fungal Community written by John Dighton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "...a number of chapters provide excellent summaries of the modern methods available for studying fungal ecology, along with those more traditional methods that are still extremely valuable...overall it is a hugely valuable compendium of fungal ecology research. It is a must for the library shelf." -Lynne Boddy, Cardiff University, UK, Mycological Research, 2006 "These 44 chapters are an excellent starting point for anyone interested in fungal communities, in the broadest sense of the term. It is a book for dipping into...may be the last comprehensive treatment of fungal communities before the molecular revolution." -Meriel Jones, University of Liverpool, UK, Microbiology Today "... the scope of the work is tremendous. ... Excellent chapters providing overviews of methods ... provide a snap shot of the current approaches used to understand fungal communities at several levels of organization. This book should probably be on the shelf of every student of mycology, and many ecologists too. For all students, this book should be a valuable resource and source of inspiration." -Daniel Henk, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, in Inoculum, Vol. 59, No. 3, May 2008 "Thorough taxonomic and subject indices further aid the reader in navigating through multiple authors’ treatments of subjects of interest." - Anthony Amend, Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa in Economic Botany, V. 61 In all subjects in science, new findings and the use of new technologies allow us to develop an ever-greater understanding of our world. Expanded and updated coverage in the fourth edition includes: Adds new sections on Integrating Genomics and Metagenomics into Community Analysis, Recent Advances in Fungal Endophyte Research, Fungi in the Built Environment, and Fungal Signaling and Communication Includes a broader treatment of fungal communities in natural ecosystems with in-depth coverage of fungal adaptations to stress and conservation Expands coverage of the influence of climate change on fungi and the role of fungi in organically polluted ecosystems Includes contributions from scientists from 20 nations to illustrate a true global approach for bridging gaps between ecological concepts and mycology

Soil and Drought

Author : Rattan Lal
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000960064
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil and Drought by : Rattan Lal

Download or read book Soil and Drought written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-01-02 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought, a serious global issue, is being aggravated by climate change. Both pedological and agronomic droughts are a major risk factor with adverse effects on agronomic productivity, food and nutritional security, and human wellbeing. This volume in the Advances in Soil Sciences series: Considers processes, factors, and causes of pedological/agronomic droughts. Discusses effects of global warming on soil drought Describes management options to enhance drought resilience of agricultural soils Presents soil moisture management options to mitigate drought Includes information on soil health and its effects on drought Explains innovative options in measurement of soil moisture content

Abiotic stress mechanisms and enhancement in crops: Physiological and biochemical approaches

Author : Arpna Kumari
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832552242
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Abiotic stress mechanisms and enhancement in crops: Physiological and biochemical approaches by : Arpna Kumari

Download or read book Abiotic stress mechanisms and enhancement in crops: Physiological and biochemical approaches written by Arpna Kumari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in natural ecosystems can affect biodiversity on a global scale, which in turn affects global food production. Climate change develops under different environmental conditions such as high CO2 concentration, ultraviolet radiation, temperature, salinity, rainfall intensity, etc., causing an increase in the growth of new weeds and pathogens. All these factors alone and in complex can reduce growth, complicate photosynthesis, and reduce the physiological and biochemical responses of plants. On the other hand, studies in recent years have shown that the development of a dual strategy of breeding for stress tolerance and introducing stress tolerant plants into production systems to increase their resistance to various stresses is particularly relevant today. Therefore, research related to physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of plants is of paramount importance to authorize the effects of climate-induced stresses and the likely mechanisms of resistance and/or factors mitigating these stresses in crop plants. Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of modifications to environmental conditions that include abiotic and biotic factors in the world. Therefore, rapid development of studies on the integration between physiological, biochemical and molecular responses that can admit a systems analysis of plants is important, and knowledge of molecular mechanisms will provide breeding programs with relevance to obtaining cultivars tolerant to abiotic stresses with increased productivity. Under this research topic, reviews, new methods and scientific articles will be selected for publication based on applications to agriculture under climate change. This research topic will cover the following themes: - Adaptive capacity of plants to withstand climate change - The role of biodiversity in sustainable agriculture - Manipulation of microclimate for plant productivity - Role of plant extracts in plant stress mitigation - Phytoremediation and bioremediation factors for crop improvement - Perspective of underutilized crops under climate change - Contribution of plant secondary metabolism to stress tolerance - Plant tissue culture and crop improvement - The role of nanotechnology for climate-resilient agriculture - Pre-breeding and germplasm characterization for the development of agronomically relevant crop traits

Restoration and Development of the Degraded Loess Plateau, China

Author : Atsushi Tsunekawa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 443154481X
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Restoration and Development of the Degraded Loess Plateau, China by : Atsushi Tsunekawa

Download or read book Restoration and Development of the Degraded Loess Plateau, China written by Atsushi Tsunekawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents state-of-the-art scientific evidence and technological innovations to restore lands on the Loess Plateau of China, known worldwide for its serious land degradation and desertification problems. Supported by a rapidly developing Chinese economy and the dissemination of effective technology, the Grain-for-Green Project and Western Development Action launched by the Chinese government have resulted in successful ecological restoration and protection over the past 30 years. These programs have contributed not only to conservation of soil and water, but also to economic development. At the same time, however, these developmental interventions have brought new challenges that have not yet been fully addressed. The book describes (1) case studies of success and failure in practice, including rare success stories of combating desertification; (2) technical issues such as erosion control and breeding of stress-tolerant plant species, and socioeconomic measures taken by the Chinese government and lending policies with support from the World Bank; and (3) comprehensive measures against desertification, such as water and wind erosion, salinization, and deforestation. This volume is recommended for researchers and students above the undergraduate level in diverse fields including soil science, rural engineering, social technology and civil engineering, biology, ecology, climatology, physical and human geography, and developmental economics, among others. It also serves as a valuable resource for engineers, government officials, and NPOs and NGOs involved in afforestation, ecological restoration, combating desertification, disaster prevention, and sustainable rural development.

Microbiology of Hot Deserts

Author : Jean-Baptiste Ramond
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303098415X
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiology of Hot Deserts by : Jean-Baptiste Ramond

Download or read book Microbiology of Hot Deserts written by Jean-Baptiste Ramond and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the wider aspects of the microbiology of hot desert soil ecosystems, compiling disparate information from a range of relevant desert soil microbial fields. The reader learns about microbial ecology of the more dominant and possibly most important desert habitats, detailing the phylogenetic and functional diversity of these different habitats as well as their potential role in desert ecosystem ecology. Particular attention is also given to microbial stress adaptation in hot desert soils. Furthermore, it is the first volume in this particular field to cover modern metagenomics technologies that can be applied to studies of all aspects of desert microbial communities. Additionally, the book explores viruses and viral communities, which are among the least studied (and little understood) components of desert soil microbial communities. Particular attention is also given to the roles of desert microbial communities in biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Through this book the reader discovers how desert microbiology has been at the forefront of Astrobiology and how it may be used conceptually in future terraforming strategies. Desert ecosystems are increasingly coming into focus given the impacts of climate change and desertification trends, making this volume particularly timely. Each of the chapters is authored by leading international researchers and is a must-read for microbial ecologists.

Biology of Algae, Lichens and Bryophytes

Author : Burkhard Büdel
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3662657120
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology of Algae, Lichens and Bryophytes by : Burkhard Büdel

Download or read book Biology of Algae, Lichens and Bryophytes written by Burkhard Büdel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Microbial Polymers

Author : Anukool Vaishnav
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811600457
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Polymers by : Anukool Vaishnav

Download or read book Microbial Polymers written by Anukool Vaishnav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-03 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book cover all types of microbe based polymers and their application in diverse sectors with special emphasis on agriculture. It collates latest research, methods, opinion, perspectives, and reviews dissecting the microbial origins of polymers, their production, design, and processing at industrial level, as well as improvements for specific industrial applications. Book also discusses recent advances in biopolymer production and their modification for amplifying the value. In addition, understanding of the microbial physiology and optimal conditions for polymer production are also explained. This compilation of scientific chapters on principles and practices of microbial polymers fosters the knowledge transfer among scientific communities, industries, and microbiologist and serves students, academicians, researchers for a better understanding of the nature of microbial polymers and application procedure for sustainable ecosystem

Ecological Distribution, Functional Diversity, and the Biogeochemical Cycle of Microorganisms in Karst

Author : Hongchen Jiang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832533507
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Distribution, Functional Diversity, and the Biogeochemical Cycle of Microorganisms in Karst by : Hongchen Jiang

Download or read book Ecological Distribution, Functional Diversity, and the Biogeochemical Cycle of Microorganisms in Karst written by Hongchen Jiang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Microbiome Under Changing Climate

Author : Ajay Kumar
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0323906974
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiome Under Changing Climate by : Ajay Kumar

Download or read book Microbiome Under Changing Climate written by Ajay Kumar and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbiome Under Changing Climate: Implications and Solutions presents the latest biotechnological interventions for the judicious use of microbes to ensure optimal agricultural yield. Summarizing aspects of vulnerability, adaptation and amelioration of climate impact, this book provides an important resource for understanding microbes, plants and soil in pursuit of sustainable agriculture and improved food security. It emphasizes the interaction between climate and soil microbes and their potential role in promoting advanced sustainable agricultural solutions, focusing on current research designed to use beneficial microbes such as plant growth promoting microorganisms, fungi, endophytic microbes, and more. Changes in climatic conditions influence all factors of the agricultural ecosystem, including adversely impacting yield both in terms of quantity and nutritional quality. In order to develop resilience against climatic changes, it is increasingly important to understand the effect on the native micro-flora, including the distribution of methanogens and methanotrophs, nutrient content and microbial biomass, among others. - Demonstrates the impact of climate change on secondary metabolites of plants and potential responses - Incorporates insights on microflora of inhabitant soil - Explores mitigation processes and their modulation by sustainable methods - Highlights the role of microbial technologies in agricultural sustainability

Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China

Author : Xuejun Liu
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811385149
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China by : Xuejun Liu

Download or read book Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China written by Xuejun Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) emissions, as an important component of global N cycle, have been significantly altered by anthropogenic activities, and consequently have had a global impact on air pollution and ecosystem services. Due to rapid agricultural, industrial, and urban development, China has been experiencing an increase in reactive N emissions and deposition since the late 1970s. Based on a literature review, this book summarizes recent research on: 1) atmospheric reactive N in China from a global perspective (Chapter 1); 2) atmospheric reactive N emissions, deposition and budget in China (Chapters 2-5); 3) the contribution of atmospheric reactive N to air pollution (e.g., haze, surface O3, and acid deposition) (Chapters 6-8); 4) the impacts of N deposition on sensitive ecosystems (e.g., forests, grasslands, deserts and lakes) (Chapters 9-12); and 5) the regulatory strategies for mitigation of atmospheric reactive N pollution from agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in China (Chapters 13-14). As such it offers graduate students, researchers, educators in agricultural, ecological and environmental sciences, and policy makers a glimpse of the environmental issues related to reactive N in China .

Climate Change and the Microbiome

Author : D. K. Choudhary
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030768635
Total Pages : 737 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change and the Microbiome by : D. K. Choudhary

Download or read book Climate Change and the Microbiome written by D. K. Choudhary and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the impact of climate change on the soil microbiome and its subsequent effects on plant health, soil-plant dynamics, and the ecosphere. It also discusses emerging ideas to counteract these effects, e.g., through agricultural applications of functional microbes, to ensure a sustainable ecosystem. Climate change is altering the soil microbiome distributions and thus the interactions in microbiome and plant‐soil microorganism. Improvement of our understanding of microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interaction under changing climatic conditions is essential, because the overall impact of these interactions under varying adverse environmental conditions is lacking. This book has been designed to understand the impact of climate change, i.e., mainly salt and drought stress, on the soil microbiome and its impact on plant, yield, and the ecosphere. The book is organized into four parts: The first part reviews the impact of climate change on the diversity and richness of the soil microbiome. The second part addresses effects of climate change on plant health. The third part discusses effects on soil-plant dynamics and functionality, e.g., soil productivity. The final part deals with the effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning and also discusses potential solutions. The book will appeal to students and researchers working in the area of soil science, agriculture, molecular biology, plant physiology, and biotechnology.