Biological Essentialism

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Biological Essentialism

Author : Michael Devitt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198840284
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Essentialism by : Michael Devitt

Download or read book Biological Essentialism written by Michael Devitt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-02 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Essentialism addresses three main issues. The first concerns the essences (natures, identities) of biological taxa, particularly species. Kripke and other metaphysicians hold that these essences are (at least partly) intrinsic, underlying, probably largely genetic properties. This view, based largely on intuitions, is dismissed by the consensus in the philosophy of biology as being incompatible with Darwinism and reflecting ignorance of biology. Biological Essentalism argues that the demands of biological explanation show that the metaphysicians are right. The positive view of the consensus is that the essences are wholly relational: taxa must have certain histories. Biological Essentialism argues that there is indeed an historical component to the essence, but this component presupposes an intrinsic component. Its second issue concerns the essences of biological individuals. Metaphysicians have had much to say about this, again on the basis of intuitions. Many hold that an individual is essentially a member of its species. This has recently been unequivocally rejected by philosophers of biology. Biological Essentialism appeals to biological explanation again to argue for essential membership; furthermore, to argue for the Kripkean view that an organism's essence is partly intrinsic and partly relational (a matter of origin). Finally, the book addresses the lively contemporary issue of whether race is biologically "real". From the perspective developed earlier, the book argues that there are indeed racial kinds, in some sense, that are "in the realm of the biological". These kinds also have partly historical and partly intrinsic underlying essences.

The Lenses of Gender

Author : Sandra Lipsitz Bem
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300154259
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lenses of Gender by : Sandra Lipsitz Bem

Download or read book The Lenses of Gender written by Sandra Lipsitz Bem and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation A leading theorist on sex and gender discusses how hidden assumptions embedded in our culture, social institutions, and individual psyches perpetuate male power and oppress women and sexual minorities. Illustrated.

Companion to Feminist Studies

Author : Nancy A. Naples
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9781119314943
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis Companion to Feminist Studies by : Nancy A. Naples

Download or read book Companion to Feminist Studies written by Nancy A. Naples and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of feminist scholarship edited by an internationally recognized and leading figure in the field Companion to Feminist Studies provides a broad overview of the rich history and the multitude of approaches, theories, concepts, and debates central to this dynamic interdisciplinary field. Comprehensive yet accessible, this edited volume offers expert insights from contributors of diverse academic, national, and activist backgrounds—discussing contemporary research and themes while offering international, postcolonial, and intersectional perspectives on social, political, cultural, and economic institutions, social media, social justice movements, everyday discourse, and more. Organized around three different dimensions of Feminist Studies, the Companion begins by exploring ten theoretical frameworks, including feminist epistemologies examining Marxist and Socialist Feminism, the activism of radical feminists, the contributions of Black feminist thought, and interrelated approaches to the fluidity of gender and sexuality. The second section focuses on methodologies and analytical frameworks developed by feminist scholars, including empiricists, economists, ethnographers, cultural analysts, and historiographers. The volume concludes with detailed discussion of the many ways in which pedagogy, political ecology, social justice, globalization, and other areas within Feminist Studies are shaped by feminism in practice. A major contribution to scholarship on both the theoretical foundations and contemporary debates in the field, this volume: Provides an international and interdisciplinary range of the essays of high relevance to scholars, students, and practitioners alike Examines various historical and modern approaches to the analysis of gender and sexual differences Addresses timely issues such as the difference between radical and cultural feminism, the lack of women working as scientists in academia and other research positions, and how activism continues to reformulate feminist approaches Draws insight from the positionality of postcolonial, comparative and transnational feminists Explores how gender, class, and race intersect to shape women’s experiences and inform their perspectives Companion to Feminist Studies is an essential resource for students and faculty in Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Feminist Studies programs, and related disciplines including anthropology, psychology, history, political science, and sociology, and for researchers, scholars, practitioners, policymakers, activists, and advocates working on issues related to gender, sexuality, and social justice.

Encyclopedia of Queer Studies in Education

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004506721
Total Pages : 834 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Queer Studies in Education by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Queer Studies in Education written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice Award 2022: Outstanding Academic Title Queer studies is an extensive field that spans a range of disciplines. This volume focuses on education and educational research and examines and expounds upon queer studies particular to education fields. It works to examine concepts, theories, and methods related to queer studies across PK-12, higher education, adult education, and informal learning. The volume takes an intentionally intersectional approach, with particular attention to the intersections of white supremacist cisheteropatriachy. It includes well-established concepts with accessible and entry-level explanations, as well as emerging and cutting-edge concepts in the field. It is designed to be used by those new to queer studies as well as those with established expertise in the field.

What's Left of Human Nature?

Author : Maria Kronfeldner
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262549689
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis What's Left of Human Nature? by : Maria Kronfeldner

Download or read book What's Left of Human Nature? written by Maria Kronfeldner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A philosophical account of human nature that defends the concept against dehumanization, Darwinian, and developmentalist challenges. Human nature has always been a foundational issue for philosophy. What does it mean to have a human nature? Is the concept the relic of a bygone age? What is the use of such a concept? What are the epistemic and ontological commitments people make when they use the concept? In What's Left of Human Nature? Maria Kronfeldner offers a philosophical account of human nature that defends the concept against contemporary criticism. In particular, she takes on challenges related to social misuse of the concept that dehumanizes those regarded as lacking human nature (the dehumanization challenge); the conflict between Darwinian thinking and essentialist concepts of human nature (the Darwinian challenge); and the consensus that evolution, heredity, and ontogenetic development result from nurture and nature. After answering each of these challenges, Kronfeldner presents a revisionist account of human nature that minimizes dehumanization and does not fall back on outdated biological ideas. Her account is post-essentialist because it eliminates the concept of an essence of being human; pluralist in that it argues that there are different things in the world that correspond to three different post-essentialist concepts of human nature; and interactive because it understands nature and nurture as interacting at the developmental, epigenetic, and evolutionary levels. On the basis of this, she introduces a dialectical concept of an ever-changing and “looping” human nature. Finally, noting the essentially contested character of the concept and the ambiguity and redundancy of the terminology, she wonders if we should simply eliminate the term “human nature” altogether.

The Essential Child

Author : Susan A. Gelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195154061
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis The Essential Child by : Susan A. Gelman

Download or read book The Essential Child written by Susan A. Gelman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text synthesizes 15 years of empirical research on essentialism into a coherent framework, examining children's thinking and ways in which language influences thought. It shows that children do not come into the world as passive recipients of data.

Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference

Author : Cordelia Fine
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393340244
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference by : Cordelia Fine

Download or read book Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference written by Cordelia Fine and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-08-08 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex discrimination is supposedly a distant memory. Yet popular books, magazines and even scientific articles defend inequalities by citing immutable biological differences between the male and female brain. Why are there so few women in science and engineering, so few men in the laundry room? Well, they say, it's our brains.

Real Essentialism

Author : David S. Oderberg
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134348851
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (343 download)

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Book Synopsis Real Essentialism by : David S. Oderberg

Download or read book Real Essentialism written by David S. Oderberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-11-13 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real Essentialism presents a comprehensive defence of neo-Aristotelian essentialism. Do objects have essences? Must they be the kinds of things they are in spite of the changes they undergo? Can we know what things are really like – can we define and classify reality? Many if not most philosophers doubt this, influenced by centuries of empiricism, and by the anti-essentialism of Wittgenstein, Quine, Popper, and other thinkers. Real Essentialism reinvigorates the tradition of realist, essentialist metaphysics, defending the reality and knowability of essence, the possibility of objective, immutable definition, and its relevance to contemporary scientific and metaphysical issues such as whether essence transcends physics and chemistry, the essence of life, the nature of biological species, and the nature of the person.

Excluded

Author : Julia Serano
Publisher : Seal Press
ISBN 13 : 1580055052
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Excluded by : Julia Serano

Download or read book Excluded written by Julia Serano and published by Seal Press. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While many feminist and queer movements are designed to challenge sexism, they often simultaneously police gender and sexuality—sometimes just as fiercely as the straight, male-centric mainstream does. Among LGBTQ activists, there is a long history of lesbians and gay men dismissing bisexuals, transgender people, and other gender and sexual minorities. In each case, exclusion is based on the premise that certain ways of being gendered or sexual are more legitimate, natural, or righteous than others. As a trans woman, bisexual, and femme activist, Julia Serano has spent much of the last ten years challenging various forms of exclusion within feminist and queer/LGBTQ movements. In Excluded, she chronicles many of these instances of exclusion and argues that marginalizing others often stems from a handful of assumptions that are routinely made about gender and sexuality. These false assumptions infect theories, activism, organizations, and communities—and worse, they enable people to vigorously protest certain forms of sexism while simultaneously ignoring and even perpetuating others. Serano advocates for a new approach to fighting sexism that avoids these pitfalls and offers new ways of thinking about gender, sexuality, and sexism that foster inclusivity rather than exclusivity.

Is Biology Woman's Destiny?

Author : Evelyn Reed
Publisher : Pathfinder
ISBN 13 : 9780873482585
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (825 download)

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Book Synopsis Is Biology Woman's Destiny? by : Evelyn Reed

Download or read book Is Biology Woman's Destiny? written by Evelyn Reed and published by Pathfinder. This book was released on 1985 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an answer to one of the fundamental arguments underlying all of the sexist propaganda--that biology is woman's destiny. Reissued from a 1972 pamphlet by Reed as a tool to help all those who are fighting against the forces in opposition to women's rights.

The Lenses of Gender

Author : Sandra L. Bem
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300061635
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (616 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lenses of Gender by : Sandra L. Bem

Download or read book The Lenses of Gender written by Sandra L. Bem and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On gender and sexual inequality

APA Handbook of the Psychology of Women

Author : Cheryl Brown Travis
Publisher : APA Handbooks in Psychology(r)
ISBN 13 : 9781433827921
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (279 download)

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Book Synopsis APA Handbook of the Psychology of Women by : Cheryl Brown Travis

Download or read book APA Handbook of the Psychology of Women written by Cheryl Brown Travis and published by APA Handbooks in Psychology(r). This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a formal field of study, the psychology of women has pushed the boundaries of traditional theory, produced breakthroughs in methodology, and built links to some of the most challenging problems of our time. It remains an intellectually vibrant and socially relevant area, including initiatives that not only have changed the epistemology of knowledge but also have expanded our understanding of ourselves and of the world. Across this two-volume set, chapter authors provide scholarly reviews and in-depth analyses of subjects within their areas of expertise. Themes of status and power inform many chapters. Volume 1 begins by outlining the emergence of the psychology of women and its connections with the women's movement. This is followed by feminist critiques of theory, descriptions of innovative methodologies, and discussions of difference and similarity, both between women and men and between gender and sexuality. The social and economic contexts surrounding these issues are reviewed, as are dichotomies sustained by sexism, stereotypes, and prejudice. Volume 1 concludes with chapters that address the uniquely intersecting components of individual experience. Volume 2 focuses on applied subjects. It begins with a section on psychological well-being, including therapeutic models of gender, feminist goals of empowerment, multicultural feminism, and the borderlands of gender identity. Following is a discussion of close relationships, including issues of intimacy, equity, and changing models of family. Victimization and narratives of victimhood are described next, as are leadership, community, politics, and women in the workplace. The volume concludes with a discussion of women's roles and agency throughout the world, with special attention given to human rights and reproductive justice.

The Nature of Race

Author : Ann Morning
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520270312
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nature of Race by : Ann Morning

Download or read book The Nature of Race written by Ann Morning and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-303) and index.

Young Children's Thinking about Biological World

Author : Giyoo Hatano
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134949979
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Young Children's Thinking about Biological World by : Giyoo Hatano

Download or read book Young Children's Thinking about Biological World written by Giyoo Hatano and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents research on the topic of young children's naive biology, examining such theoretical issues as processes, conditions and mechanisms in conceptual development using the development of biological understanding as the target case.

Line Drawings

Author : Cressida Heyes
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501725629
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Line Drawings by : Cressida Heyes

Download or read book Line Drawings written by Cressida Heyes and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the heart of feminist theory lies the seemingly intractable issue of essentialism. Feminism has thus far failed to transcend critiques of essentialism and currently offers only two inadequate positions against it. One response reifies the category "women," representing the experience of oppression of privileged women as archetypal for feminism, and the other denies the category because it unjustly overgeneralizes, thus undercutting the possibility of a robust theory of gender oppression. To spur anti-essentialist methods and practice around such issues as sexual violence, feminist theory crucially needs a constructive and politically powerful strategy for defining women.Cressida J. Heyes deftly elucidates and then travels beyond the essentialism debates to rescue the efficacy of feminist theory for activism and research. She offers a genealogy of essentialism, specifically as it applies to the work of Carol Gilligan and Catharine MacKinnon, and employs a Wittgensteinian approach to feminism that understands similarities between women as family resemblances and political decisions about inclusion and exclusion as contextual and purposive. Line Drawings argues for an anti-essentialist method that enables generalizing feminist discourse but insists on paying close attention to the operations of power in constructing claims about women. This is a fresh and vitally important step past stymied debate on what is arguably the most pressing issue in cross-disciplinary feminist theory.

Essence in the Age of Evolution

Author : Christopher J. Austin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351240838
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Essence in the Age of Evolution by : Christopher J. Austin

Download or read book Essence in the Age of Evolution written by Christopher J. Austin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a novel defence of a highly contested philosophical position: biological natural kind essentialism. This theory is routinely and explicitly rejected for its purported inability to be explicated in the context of contemporary biological science, and its supposed incompatibility with the process and progress of evolution by natural selection. Christopher J. Austin challenges these objections, and in conjunction with contemporary scientific advancements within the field of evolutionary-developmental biology, the book utilises a contemporary neo-Aristotelian metaphysics of "dispositional properties", or causal powers, to provide a theory of essentialism centred on the developmental architecture of organisms and its role in the evolutionary process. By defending a novel theory of Aristotelian biological natural kind essentialism, Essence in the Age of Evolution represents the fresh and exciting union of cutting-edge philosophical insight and scientific knowledge.

Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki

Author : Uskali Mäki
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319230158
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki by : Uskali Mäki

Download or read book Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki written by Uskali Mäki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume showcases the best of recent research in the philosophy of science. A compilation of papers presented at the EPSA 13, it explores a broad distribution of topics such as causation, truthlikeness, scientific representation, gender-specific medicine, laws of nature, science funding and the wisdom of crowds. Papers are organised into headings which form the structure of the book. Readers will find that it covers several major fields within the philosophy of science, from general philosophy of science to the more specific philosophy of physics, philosophy of chemistry, philosophy of the life sciences, philosophy of psychology, and philosophy of the social sciences and humanities, amongst others. This volume provides an excellent overview of the state of the art in the philosophy of science, as practiced in different European countries and beyond. It will appeal to researchers with an interest in the philosophical underpinnings of their own discipline, and to philosophers who wish to explore the latest work on the themes explored.