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Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Engineered Approaches to in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hans F. Stroo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441914013
Total Pages : 807 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.
Author : Robert E. Hinchee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Robert E. Hinchee and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and groundwater contamination stemming from the release of various chlorinated compounds into the environment is a significant and difficult site remediation challenge. The articles in this collection discuss the use of aerobic and anaerobic biological degradation to dehalogenate sites contaminated with pesticides and chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethene, tetrachloromethene, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, pentachlorophenol, and chlorinated benzene. Bench- and field-scale studies of the biological processes associated with in situ dechlorination of soil and aquifers are described. Discussed are the uses of microcosm studies and numerical simulation of dechlorination to manage system operation. Site characteristics (e.g., hydraulic properties, temperature, nitrogen availability) and their effect on the stability of the methanotrophic community are examined. Methods discussed include the use of air venting, alternative electron donors, biofilm reactors, surfactants, municipal digester sludge, iron enhancement, and sulfate reduction to improve conditions for the microbial consortia that effect dechlorination.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated solvents are among the most widespread groundwater contaminants in the country, contamination which is also among the most difficult and expensive for remediation. These solvents are biodegradable in the absence of oxygen, but this biodegradation requires both a food source for the organisms (electron donor) and the presence of chlorinated solvent biodegrading organisms. These two requirements are present naturally at some contamination sites, leading to natural attenuation of the solvents. If one or both requirements are absent, then engineered bioremediation either through addition of an external electron donor or through bioaugmentation with appropriate microorganisms, or both, may be used for site remediation. The most difficult case for cleanup is when a large residual of undissolved chlorinated solvents are present, residing as dense -non-aqueous-phase- liquid (DNAPL). A major focus of this study was on the potential for biodegradation of the solvents when pre sent as DNAPL where concentrations are very high and potential for toxicity to microorganisms exist. Another focus was on a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in chlorinated solvent biodegradation . These studies were directed towards the chlorinated solvents, trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene or perchloroethene (PCE), and carbon tetrachloride (CT). The potential for biodegradation of TCE and PCE DNAPL was clearly demonstrated in this research. From column soil studies and batch studies we found there to be a clear advantage in focusing efforts at bioremediation near the DNAPL. Here, chlorinated solvent concentrations are the highest, both because of more favorable reaction kinetics and because such high solvent concentrations are toxic to microorganisms, such as methanogens, which compete with dehalogenators for the electron donor. Additionally, biodegradation near a PCE DNAPL results in an enhanced dissolution rate for the chlorinated solvent, by factors of three to five times, leading to a more rapid clean-up of the DNAPL zone. The most favored electron donor to add is one which partitions well with the chlorinated solvent or can be concentrated near it. Unfortunately, an ideal electron donor, such as vegetable oil, is difficult to introduce and mix with DNAPL in the ground, doing this properly remains an engineering challenge. Numerical model studies have indicated that several factors may significantly influence the rate and extent of enhancement, including the inhibitory effects of PCE and cDCE, the level of ED concentration, DNAPL configuration, and competition for ED. Such factors need to be considered when contemplating engineered DNAPL bioremediation. Pseudomonas stuzeri KC is an organism that transforms CT to carbon dioxide and chloride without the formation of the hazardous intermediate, chloroform. This is accomplished by production and secretion of a molecule called PDTC. This study was direct ed towards determining how PDTC works. Cu (II) at a ratio of 1:1 Cu to PDTC was found to result in the most rapid CT transformation, confirming that the PDTC-Cu complex is both a reactant and a catalyst in CT transformation. CT degradation requires that the PDTC be in a reduced form, which is generated by contact with cell components. Fe(II) inhibits CT transformation by PDTC. Studies indicated that this inhibition is enhanced by some compound or factor in the supernatant with molecular weight greater than 10,000 Da. We have made progress in determining what this factor might be, but have not yet been able to identify it. In related studies, we found that CT transformation by another organism, Shewanella oneidensis MR1, also involves an excreted factor, but this factor is different from PDTC and results in chloroform transformation as an intermediate. Our studies have indicated that this factor is similar to vitamin K2, and we have also confirmed that vitamin K2 does transform C T into chloroform.
Author : Perry L. McCarty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Perry L. McCarty and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated solvents is of great interest both for natural attenuation and for engineered remediation of these hazardous contaminants in groundwater. Compounds to be studied are carbon tetrachloride (CT) and the chlorinated ethenes, tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE) cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC). The chlorinated solvents often are present as dense non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs), which are difficult to remove. Biodegradation of DNAPLs was previously thought not possible because of toxicity, but recent evidence indicates that under the right conditions, biodegradation is possible. Anaerobic biodegradation of DNAPLs is the major subject of this research. The specific objectives of this multi-investigator effort are: (1) Evaluate the potential for chlorinated solvent biodegradation near DNAPLs, (2) Provide a molecular understanding of the biological mechanisms involved, (3) Determine cellular components involved in carbon tetrachloride transformation by Pseudomonas stutzeri strain KC without chloroform formation.
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428903151
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Bioremediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bernard H. Kueper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
ISBN 13 : 1461469228
Total Pages : 759 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309048966
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ bioremediationâ€"the use of microorganisms for on-site removal of contaminantsâ€"is potentially cheaper, faster, and safer than conventional cleanup methods. But in situ bioremediation is also clouded in uncertainty, controversy, and mistrust. This volume from the National Research Council provides direction for decisionmakers and offers detailed and readable explanations of: the processes involved in in situ bioremediation, circumstances in which it is best used, and methods of measurement, field testing, and modeling to evaluate the results of bioremediation projects. Bioremediation experts representing academic research, field practice, regulation, and industry provide accessible information and case examples; they explore how in situ bioremediation works, how it has developed since its first commercial use in 1972, and what research and education efforts are recommended for the future. The volume includes a series of perspective papers. The book will be immediately useful to policymakers, regulators, bioremediation practitioners and purchasers, environmental groups, concerned citizens, faculty, and students.
Author : Victor Magar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Anaerobic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Victor Magar and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symposium included 600 presentations in 50 sessions on bioremediation and supporting technologies used for a wide range of contaminants already in, or poised to invade, soil, groundwater, and sediment. Three hundred and fifty-two papers were selected and organized into ten volumes. Volume seven's articles examine the use of enhanced anaerobic biotransformation processes for treatment of chlorinated solvents in soil and groundwater. Electron donors used to stimulate reductive dechlorination processes in lab- and field-scale demonstrations are also presented. Articles average eight pages, and contain abstracts and references. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Author : Vasilios Kaseros
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Anaerobic Biodegradation of Mixtures of Chlorinated Solvents written by Vasilios Kaseros and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread contamination of groundwater with mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons poses a health threat and an obligation to the landowner to remediate this threat. Organic solvents such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and carbon tetrachloride (CT) are frequently found on contaminated sites and as suspected carcinogens must be removed from the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of mixtures of PCE and CT to biological reductive dechlorination. Using microcosms and a continuous column the impact of CT degradation on the degradation of a PCE was examined. Using an ethanol/PCE enrichment culture the effect of CT and its degradation products, chloroform (CF) and dichloromethane (DCM), on the degradation of PCE was examined. In microcosms 5 mg/L CT totally inhibited the degradation of PCE. Full PCE degradation to cis-DCE did occur after the bottles were purged with nitrogen and PCE was applied in the absence of CT. In the column studies the addition of 0.5 mg/L CT totally suspended PCE degradation for 24 days. The biodegradation of organic solvents can be an effective way to eliminate possible human health threats, however extra care must be taken when dealing with mixtures of organic solvents. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Author : Hans F. Stroo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461441145
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.
Author : Andrea Leeson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Engineered Approaches for in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvent Contamination written by Andrea Leeson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sites contaminated with chlorinated compounds pose health risks and are challenging and often expensive to treat in the field. This volume brings together the most up-to-date laboratory findings and the latest full-scale results from bioremediation efforts at actual field sites. Engineering approaches discussed include biobarriers, cometabolism, bioaugmentation, in situ oxidation, Fenton's Reagent, in situ bioremediation, and more.
Author : Hubertus Henricus Martinus Rijnaarts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (679 download)
Download or read book Intrinsic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents: from Thermodynamics to Field written by Hubertus Henricus Martinus Rijnaarts and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hubertus Henricus Martinus Rijnaarts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (633 download)
Download or read book Intrinsic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Hubertus Henricus Martinus Rijnaarts and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Todd H. Wiedemeier
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471197492
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (974 download)
Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface written by Todd H. Wiedemeier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-03-08 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive guide to one of today's most innovative approaches to environmental contamination Natural attenuation is gaining increasing attention as a nonintrusive, cost-effective alternative to standard remediation techniques for environmental contamination. This landmark work presents the first in-depth examination of the theory, mechanisms, and application of natural attenuation. Written by four internationally recognized leaders in this approach, the book describes both biotic and abiotic natural attenuation processes, focusing on two of the environmental contaminants most frequently encountered in groundwater--fuels and chlorinated solvents. The authors draw on a wealth of combined experience to detail successful techniques for simulating natural attenuation processes and predicting their effectiveness in the field. They also show how natural attenuation works in the real world, using numerous examples and case studies from a wide range of leading-edge projects nationwide involving fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Finally, they discuss the evaluation and assessment of natural attenuation and explore the design of long-term monitoring programs. An indispensable reference for anyone working in environmental remediation, Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface is essential reading for scientists and engineers in a range of industries, as well as state and federal environmental regulators, and professors and graduate students in environmental or chemical engineering.
Author : Battelle Memorial In
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780873719834
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (198 download)
Download or read book Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds written by Battelle Memorial In and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-02-28 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely reference presents the state of the art of the emerging and rapidly changing field of bioremediation of chlorinated solvents, PCBs, and other chlorinated compounds, as well as PAHs, both in situ and on site. This landmark publication reports significant advances in bioremediation, with an emphasis on practical applications and state-of-the-art developments. Laboratory and field-oriented reviews are presented with the objective of tying treatability studies and recent laboratory developments to field applications. No other reference source gives you access to the most current techniques and methods for the bioremediation of chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. This book represents the work of leading experts in the fields of in situ and on-site bioremediation from North America, Europe, and Asia. The chapters include current field applications and laboratory studies undertaken, in some cases, in countries with regulatory standards more stringent than those of the United States.
Author : Cecilia Vargas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (551 download)
Download or read book Anaerobic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Cecilia Vargas and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
