Bhishma An Enigma

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Bhishma an Enigma

Author : Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi
Publisher : Notion Press
ISBN 13 : 1948352427
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (483 download)

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Book Synopsis Bhishma an Enigma by : Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi

Download or read book Bhishma an Enigma written by Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2017-12-08 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pedigree of being a demi-god in his previous life and the scion of the foremost dynasty in the Aryavarta should have ensured a smooth life for Prince Devavrata. But, it was not to be. His upbringing by Goddess Ganga herself and training under the best Gurus of his time could not change his destiny in any way. His struggle to keep his dynasty afloat lasted his entire lifetime. Despite repeated counselling from his mother, Vedvyasa and Vidura, among many others, the feeling of having failed in his primary mission of protecting the Kuru dynasty haunted him even on his bed of arrows. Although he was revered and simultaneously feared as Bhishma, he spent his entire life in a struggle to resolve his internal as well as external turmoil. Like ordinary mortals, it seems that the extensive knowledge of scriptures gained from his guru Maharishi Vasishta did not, in any way, help him in overcoming his miseries. Bhishma would have been known only as a great warrior and someone who resolutely stood by his word, had it not been for the grace of Sri Krishna which brought forth the other facet of his personality of being a Brahmagyani. That enabled him to address all queries of Yudhishthira, lying as he was on the bed of arrows, before his departure from this world.

Bhishma an Enigma

Author : Umesh Kotru
Publisher : Notion Press, Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9781948352413
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (524 download)

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Book Synopsis Bhishma an Enigma by : Umesh Kotru

Download or read book Bhishma an Enigma written by Umesh Kotru and published by Notion Press, Incorporated. This book was released on 2017-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pedigree of being a demi-god in his previous life and the scion of the foremost dynasty in the Aryavarta should have ensured a smooth life for Prince Devavrata. But, it was not to be. His upbringing by Goddess Ganga herself and training under the best Gurus of his time could not change his destiny in any way. His struggle to keep his dynasty afloat lasted his entire lifetime. Despite repeated counselling from his mother, Vedvyasa and Vidura, among many others, the feeling of having failed in his primary mission of protecting the Kuru dynasty haunted him even on his bed of arrows. Although he was revered and simultaneously feared as Bhishma, he spent his entire life in a struggle to resolve his internal as well as external turmoil. Like ordinary mortals, it seems that the extensive knowledge of scriptures gained from his guru Maharishi Vasishta did not, in any way, help him in overcoming his miseries. Bhishma would have been known only as a great warrior and someone who resolutely stood by his word, had it not been for the grace of Sri Krishna which brought forth the other facet of his personality of being a Brahmagyani. That enabled him to address all queries of Yudhishthira, lying as he was on the bed of arrows, before his departure from this world.

Pandavas In Exile

Author : Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi
Publisher : Notion Press
ISBN 13 : 164783564X
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (478 download)

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Book Synopsis Pandavas In Exile by : Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi

Download or read book Pandavas In Exile written by Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genius of Vedvyasa as the author of the great epic The Mahabharata is evident by the way he interrupts his narratives at various places to introduce literary gems like Srimad Bhagwat Gita just before the commencement of the war. The Vana Parva, which contains many more gems like the stories of Nala-Damyanti, Satyavan-Savitri, Harishchandra, Ashtavakra Gita, etc., is another similar example. True to his genius of introducing gems by creating situations for their introduction, Vedvyasa follows this style throughout the various Parvas of The Mahabharata particularly the Vana Parva. A huge section of the Vana Parva covers the entire period of the Pandavas exile and could, very well, have existed as a separate book; but the way Vedvyasa inserts it immediately after the game of dice that results in the exile of Pandavas integrates it beautifully with the main text of The Mahabharata. Similarly all the other gems referred to above were introduced as a consequence to the questions asked by Yudhishthira to various Rishis who visited Padavas during the course of their long exile. This book attempts to highlight this beautiful and captivating style of writing.

Dritrashtra The Blind King

Author : Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi
Publisher : Notion Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Dritrashtra The Blind King by : Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi

Download or read book Dritrashtra The Blind King written by Umesh Kotru, Ashutosh Zutshi and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite being sired by one of the greatest sages of his time, the Kuru prince was not only blind by birth but also manifested several psychological infirmities as he grew up. Prodded by these frailties of body and mind, the prince, who ascended the throne of Hastinapur by an accident of fate, became an instrument for the complete annihilation of his own progeny, only to discover in the end that whatever had transpired was just a part of the cosmic drama and he was only playing out his assigned role. In the process extremes of human behavior, both positive and negative come to the fore. While some indulge in self-sacrifice to uphold their resolve and principles, others driven by intense desire and ambition cause the downfall and demise of their own well-wishers.

The Bhishma Way

Author : N Balasubramanian
Publisher : Random House India
ISBN 13 : 8184007787
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bhishma Way by : N Balasubramanian

Download or read book The Bhishma Way written by N Balasubramanian and published by Random House India. This book was released on 2015-12-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary dilemmas, whether in business or politics, bear an uncanny resemblance to the predicaments witnessed in the ever-timely epic, the Mahabharata. Who else but Bhishma Pitamah then to the rescue of the modern-day manager, politician or bureaucrat! In the epic, Bhishma is the upholder of truth and dharma, his life shaped by the difficult choices he makes. He isn’t always infallible, but even where his decisions are questionable, he serves as a role model. Prof. N. Balasubramanian uses this powerful figure and his selfless values as a guide to make the right choices in The Bhishma Way. He discusses the importance of values, dharma, truth, justice and governance in businesses and governments. Analyses of real-life cases—among them, Union Carbide and the Bhopal gas tragedy, James Hardie and asbestos in Australia, and Ok Tedi in Papua New Guinea—complement the mythological stories and insightful anecdotes in this illuminating and thought-provoking book. This serves as an instructive read for anyone striving for a higher moral code in day-to-day decision-making and leadership.

Karna The Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata

Author : Umesh Kotru
Publisher : One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9352013042
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Karna The Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata by : Umesh Kotru

Download or read book Karna The Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata written by Umesh Kotru and published by One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2015-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Then, the exquisitely handsome body of Karna of generous acts, who should have been worthy of perpetual happiness, let go of that refulgent head with the kind of extreme reluctance evinced by a wealthy person in leaving his own prosperous home, or by a saintly one in forsaking virtuous company. [The Mahabharata, Karna-Parva; 91.53-54] In these lines of evocative pathos, the Mahabharata pays its ultimate tribute to Karna, who has hardly a rival in world literature to match his credentials as a uniquely nuanced heroes' hero – towering above Hector in righteous valour, above Arjuna in generosity, and above all else in conscientious attachment to the principles of noblesse oblige. This is the intriguing story of a hero who, despite being born to royalty was, like the Biblical Moses, cast away by his mother. Brought up lovingly by a lowly charioteer and his wife, his whole life was one great struggle against cruel destiny, and against all the odds placed in his way by the inequities of his time. In the process, he blazed a new trail of glory, emerging as the adorable exemplar of purushakaara (manly effort), with tremendous achievements both as a man and also as a warrior. Yet society never gave him his due, despite being as upright as Yudhishthira, as strong as Bhima, as skilful as Arjuna, as handsome as Nakula and as intelligent as Sahadeva. Rebuffed and insulted by society at every step, he developed some flaws engendered by a defiant spirit and nurtured by association with the evil designs of Duryodhana, his benefactor prince. But those very contrarieties seem to enhance and enliven the dramatic appeal of his character as one of the brightest stars of the Mahabharata's star cast. Written in an engagingly flowing style and with an imaginative transcreation of the epic storyline, Karna: the Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata should strike a responsive chord in the minds, specifically of today's Mahabharata aficionados and generally of all lovers of exalted human drama.

THE MAHABHARATA

Author : Ramesh Menon
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 0595845649
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (958 download)

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Book Synopsis THE MAHABHARATA by : Ramesh Menon

Download or read book THE MAHABHARATA written by Ramesh Menon and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2006-07-20 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mahabharata is the more recent of India's two great epics, and by far the longer. First composed by the Maharishi Vyasa in verse, it has come down the centuries in the timeless oral tradition of guru and sishya, profoundly influencing the history, culture, and art of not only the Indian subcontinent but most of south-east Asia. At 100,000 couplets, it is seven times as long as the Iliad and the Odyssey combined: far and away the greatest recorded epic known to man. The Mahabharata is the very Book of Life: in its variety, majesty and, also, in its violence and tragedy. It has been said that nothing exists that cannot be found within the pages of this awesome legend. The epic describes a great war of some 5000 years ago, and the events that led to it. The war on Kurukshetra sees ten million warriors slain, brings the dwapara yuga to an end, and ushers in a new and sinister age: this present kali yuga, modern times. At the heart of the Mahabharata nestles the Bhagavad Gita, the Song of God. Senayor ubhayor madhye, between two teeming armies, Krishna expounds the eternal dharma to his warrior of light, Arjuna. At one level, all the restless action of the Mahabharata is a quest for the Gita and its sacred stillness. After the carnage, it is the Gita that survives, immortal lotus floating upon the dark waters of desolation: the final secret! With its magnificent cast of characters, human, demonic, and divine, and its riveting narrative, the Mahabharata continues to enchant readers and scholars the world over. This new rendering brings the epic to the contemporary reader in sparkling modern prose. It brings alive all the excitement, magic, and grandeur of the original-for our times.

Thus Spake Bhīṣma

Author : Madhusudan Thakur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Thus Spake Bhīṣma by : Madhusudan Thakur

Download or read book Thus Spake Bhīṣma written by Madhusudan Thakur and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Laghu-Yoga-Vasistha is a shorter version of the Yoga-Vasistha also known as Brhad-Yoga-Vasistha or the larger Yoga-Vasistha to show the contrast. This abridgement of the bigger work contains about 6000 verses whereas the latter comprises about 32,000. In this abridged text almost all the words of the bigger one are reporduced verbatim but the author has extracted the quintessence after clipping the expansive descriptions etc. The work was undertaken by one Abhinanda, a great Kashmirian Pandit. The text also has a commentary called Vasistha-candrika by Atmasukha. The Yoga-Vasistha is a popular text on Advaita Vedanta. It is greatly valued for the wisdom it contains and enjoys a popularity rivalled only by the Bhagavadgita and the Bhagavata Purana.

Arjun: Without A Doubt

Author : Dr.Shinde Sweety
Publisher : One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9381836973
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (818 download)

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Book Synopsis Arjun: Without A Doubt by : Dr.Shinde Sweety

Download or read book Arjun: Without A Doubt written by Dr.Shinde Sweety and published by One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2015-01-28 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I knew there was nothing poetic about death. I knew not that the most horrific battles are fought off the battlefield. Arjun: The idealist in a non-ideal world; the warrior whose deadliest opponent was his conscience. History forgot his voice, but misquoted his silence. My self-esteem originates from me and ends in me. Why does your honor depend on me? Find your own. Draupadi: The untamed tigress, the fragrant flame, the unbridled spirit. Power does not justify sin. Power is not virtue. Virtue is that which lasts in spite of power. Krishn: The enigma whose unique ideology churned the battlefield into a quest for Truth. The Missile …The Trajectory … The Vision. The trio that makes for the core of The Mahabharata (Indian Epic). This is their saga. Insightful, visceral and candid. Find ‘other’ famous Arjuns; compare Arjun vis-a-vis Achilles and Alexander; Explore Myths of Mahabharata. All this and much more in ‘Arjun: Without A Doubt’. First published in 2015 by Leadstart Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Genre: Epic/ Indian Mythology/ History/ Fiction Website: http://sweetyshinde.wordpress.com

Federico Fellini, Essays in Criticism

Author : Peter Bondanella
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Federico Fellini, Essays in Criticism by : Peter Bondanella

Download or read book Federico Fellini, Essays in Criticism written by Peter Bondanella and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1978 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Making of Bhishma - Fall of The Kurus

Author : Kamesh Ramakrishna
Publisher : Platinum Press Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9789352010172
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Making of Bhishma - Fall of The Kurus by : Kamesh Ramakrishna

Download or read book The Making of Bhishma - Fall of The Kurus written by Kamesh Ramakrishna and published by Platinum Press Incorporated. This book was released on 2019-04 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Book I: The Making of Bhishma, portrays the world of Hastinapura as its rulers try to manage the crisis. It explores the impact of this conflict on the life of Devavrata (Bhishma), eldest son of Shantanu, ruler of Hastinapura. His mother had committed suicide since the Kavi Sangha's one-family-one-child policy has required her to sacrifice seven of her children. Subsequently, Devavrata is disinherited so Shantanu can marry Satyavati, who demands the Kavi Sangha policies not apply to her. In a moment of anger, Devavrata vows to remain celibate. On the death of his father, he and Satyavati are compelled to rule as co-Regents for her underage sons - Chitrangada and Vichitravirya. But Devavrata is unable to prevent Chitrangada's murder by the invading Shakas. His subsequent actions to protect the borders of Hastinapura earn him the cognomen Bhishma (The Terrible). A secret love affair with Amba is cut short when she disappears. Vichitravirya dies just before his sons are born and Devavrata once again becomes co-Regent for his nephews, Dhritarashtra and Pandu. He narrates much of this story on his deathbed, as a prisoner of the sons of Pandu; other narrators fill in what he could not have known. At the end of his life, Devavrata muses over all that he gave up and left unmade in his own life while he built the Kuru Empire - an empire over which the Great War was fought.

AJAYA - RISE OF KALI (Book 2)

Author : Anand Neelakantan
Publisher : One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9381576041
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (815 download)

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Book Synopsis AJAYA - RISE OF KALI (Book 2) by : Anand Neelakantan

Download or read book AJAYA - RISE OF KALI (Book 2) written by Anand Neelakantan and published by One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "THE MAHABHARATA ENDURES AS THE GREAT EPIC OF INDIA. While Jaya is the story of the Pandavas, told from the perspective of the victors of Kurukshetra, Ajaya is the tale of the Kauravas, who were decimated to the last man. From the pen of the author who gave voice to Ravana in the national bestseller, ASURA, comes the riveting narrative which compels us to question the truth behind the Mahabharata. THE DARK AGE OF KALI IS RISING and every man and woman must choose between duty and conscience, honour and shame, life and death… o The Pandavas, banished to the forest following the disastrous games of dice, return to Hastinapura. o Draupadi has vowed not to bind her hair till she washes it in the blood of the Kauravas. o Karna must choose between loyalty and gratitude, friend and Guru. o Aswathama undertakes a perilous mission to the mountains of Gandhara, in search of the Evil One. o Kunti must decide between her firstborn and her other sons. o Guru Drona has to stand with either his favourite disciple or his beloved son. o Balarama, having failed to convince his brother about the adharma of violence, walks the streets of Bharatavarsha, spreading the message of peace. o Ekalavya is called to make the ultimate sacrifice to uphold a woman’s honour. o Jara, the beggar, sings of Krishna’s love while his blind dog, Dharma, follows. o Shakuni can almost see the realization of his dream to destroy India. As the Pandavas stake their claim to the Hastinapura throne, the Kaurava Crown Prince, Suyodhana, rises to challenge Krishna. As great minds debate dharma and adharma, power hungry men prepare for an apocalyptic war. The women, highborn and humble, helplessly watch the unfolding disaster with deep foreboding. And greedy merchants and unscrupulous priests lie in wait like vultures. Both sides know that beyond the agony and carnage the winner will take all. But even as gods conspire and men’s destinies unfold, a far greater truth awaits. ***** One of the six most remarkable writers of India. DNA An Amazing read. The WEEK Unique voice of a rebellious author telling the story from the other side, a feat a few have dared or managed so well. Bihar Times"

The Mahabharata TV Film Script

Author : Rāhī Māsūma Razā
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mahabharata TV Film Script by : Rāhī Māsūma Razā

Download or read book The Mahabharata TV Film Script written by Rāhī Māsūma Razā and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Difficulty of Being Good

Author : Gurcharan Das
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199779600
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Difficulty of Being Good by : Gurcharan Das

Download or read book The Difficulty of Being Good written by Gurcharan Das and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why should we be good? How should we be good? And how might we more deeply understand the moral and ethical failings--splashed across today's headlines--that have not only destroyed individual lives but caused widespread calamity as well, bringing communities, nations, and indeed the global economy to the brink of collapse? In The Difficulty of Being Good, Gurcharan Das seeks answers to these questions in an unlikely source: the 2,000 year-old Sanskrit epic, Mahabharata. A sprawling, witty, ironic, and delightful poem, the Mahabharata is obsessed with the elusive notion of dharma--in essence, doing the right thing. When a hero does something wrong in a Greek epic, he wastes little time on self-reflection; when a hero falters in the Mahabharata, the action stops and everyone weighs in with a different and often contradictory take on dharma. Each major character in the epic embodies a significant moral failing or virtue, and their struggles mirror with uncanny precision our own familiar emotions of anxiety, courage, despair, remorse, envy, compassion, vengefulness, and duty. Das explores the Mahabharata from many perspectives and compares the successes and failures of the poem's characters to those of contemporary individuals, many of them highly visible players in the world of economics, business, and politics. In every case, he finds striking parallels that carry lessons for everyone faced with ethical and moral dilemmas in today's complex world. Written with the flair and seemingly effortless erudition that have made Gurcharan Das a bestselling author around the world--and enlivened by Das's forthright discussion of his own personal search for a more meaningful life--The Difficulty of Being Good shines the light of an ancient poem on the most challenging moral ambiguities of modern life.

Mahabharata Unravelled - II

Author : Ami Ganatra
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9356407207
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (564 download)

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Book Synopsis Mahabharata Unravelled - II by : Ami Ganatra

Download or read book Mahabharata Unravelled - II written by Ami Ganatra and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-01-18 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume of Mahabharata Unravelled covered the itihasa of our ancestors true to the narration of Rishi Veda Vyasa. But the Mahabharata is more than a story of the past. It has extensive discourses on ethics, personal and social interaction, administration, jurisprudence and related topics, in the form of conversations. For instance, the Shanti Parva, the largest of the 18 parvas, is a treatise on Raja Dharma. Advice on the responsibilities and duties of leaders and administrators is imparted to Yudhishthira by Bhishma from his bed of arrows on the field of war. Then there is a profound dialogue between Dhritarashtra and the erudite Vidura that appears in Udyoga Parva, popularly known as Vidura Neeti. Likewise, there is a thought-provoking story narrated by Rishi Markandeya to the Pandavas of a meat-seller who teaches dharma to a Brahmin named Kaushika. In this book, Ami Ganatra highlights the most important lessons from the Dharma discourses found in the Mahabharata. Their teachings hold true even in current times, perhaps more so than ever.

Indian Review of Books

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Indian Review of Books by :

Download or read book Indian Review of Books written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Mahabharata of Vyasa

Author : Dwaipayana Vyasa
Publisher : Enigma Edizioni
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7695 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Mahabharata of Vyasa by : Dwaipayana Vyasa

Download or read book The Mahabharata of Vyasa written by Dwaipayana Vyasa and published by Enigma Edizioni. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 7695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mahabharata, "What is found here, may be found elsewhere. What is not found here, will not be found elsewhere". The ancient story of the Mahabharata casts the readers mind across spiritual and terrestrial vistas and battlefields. Through the experiences of divine incarnations and manifest demons, a great royal dynasty is fractured along fraternal lines, resulting in the greatest war of good and evil ever fought in ancient lands. This most venerable of epics remains profoundly timeless in it teachings of truth, righteousness and liberation. This electronic edition of the Mahabharata is Kisari Mohan Ganguli's 1896 translation and is complete with all 18 parvas in a single ebook. Like other ebook conversions, the text has been sourced but this edition has had additional proofing and a significant number of corrections and rectification of missing or misorded text. The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. It is an epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kauravas and the Pandava princes as well as containing philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four goals of life. Here we have Adi Parva, the first, discusses how the Mahabharata came to be narrated by Sauti to the assembled rishis at Naimisharanya after having been recited at the Sarpasatra of Janamejaya by Vaishampayana at Takṣaśilā. It tells the history of the Bharata race traces history of the Bhrigu race. Vyasa is a revered figure in Hindu traditions. He is a kala-Avatar or part-incarnation of God Vishnu. Vyasa is sometimes conflated by some Vaishnavas with Badarayana, the compiler of the Vedanta Sutras and considered to be one of the seven Chiranjivins. He is also the fourth member of the Rishi Parampara of the Advaita Guru Paramparā of which Adi Shankara is the chief proponent.