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Avoiding Deforestation In The Context Of Biofuel Feedstock Expansion An Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Market Based Instruments
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Book Synopsis Avoiding deforestation in the context of biofuel feedstock expansion: An analysis of the effectiveness of market-based instruments by : Pablo Pacheco
Download or read book Avoiding deforestation in the context of biofuel feedstock expansion: An analysis of the effectiveness of market-based instruments written by Pablo Pacheco and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2011-09-23 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forests and Food written by Bhaskar Vira and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2015-11-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As population estimates for 2050 reach over 9 billion, issues of food security and nutrition have been dominating academic and policy debates. A total of 805 million people are undernourished worldwide and malnutrition affects nearly every country on the planet. Despite impressive productivity increases, there is growing evidence that conventional agricultural strategies fall short of eliminating global hunger, as well as having long-term ecological consequences. Forests can play an important role in complementing agricultural production to address the Sustainable Development Goals on zero hunger. Forests and trees can be managed to provide better and more nutritionally-balanced diets, greater control over food inputs—particularly during lean seasons and periods of vulnerability (especially for marginalised groups)—and deliver ecosystem services for crop production. However forests are undergoing a rapid process of degradation, a complex process that governments are struggling to reverse. This volume provides important evidence and insights about the potential of forests to reducing global hunger and malnutrition, exploring the different roles of landscapes, and the governance approaches that are required for the equitable delivery of these benefits. Forests and Food is essential reading for researchers, students, NGOs and government departments responsible for agriculture, forestry, food security and poverty alleviation around the globe.
Book Synopsis A review of environmental issues in the context of biofuel sustainability frameworks by : Manuel R. Guariguata
Download or read book A review of environmental issues in the context of biofuel sustainability frameworks written by Manuel R. Guariguata and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2011 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rapid growth of biofuel production and consumption and the proliferation of policy decisions supporting this expansion, concerns about the biofuel sectors environmental and social impacts are increasing. Consequently, a range of actors among them governments, multilateral institutions, nongovernmental organisations and multistakeholder industry groups have created sustainability frameworks, some mandatory, others voluntary. This report examines how the most developed sustainability frameworks for feedstock production (including biofuels) address key environmental issues. It identifies critical gaps in these frameworks and proposes areas for improvement. The main finding is that the frameworks share broad sustainability principles yet they differ greatly in terms of their comprehensiveness and how they apply specific indicators for environmental issues, particularly with respect to land use change (both direct and indirect), allocation of degraded land for feedstock cultivation, and related accounting of greenhouse gas emissions. In the absence of sufficient hard data with which to gauge the effectiveness of existing sustainability frameworks, the report notes that the standards of these frameworks are not sufficient to mitigate the effects of direct and indirect land use change and promote environmental conservation. A key recommendation is that such standards should be complemented by other policy instruments. Furthermore, as sustainability frameworks are only a means to an end, they must be supported by practical guidance, effective interpretation of standards, principles and criteria, and development of verifiable indicators, along with the provision of appropriate tools, approaches and capacity building activities.
Book Synopsis A global analysis of deforestation due to biofuel development by : Yan Gao
Download or read book A global analysis of deforestation due to biofuel development written by Yan Gao and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Barry D. Solomon
Download or read book Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Barry D. Solomon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines recent developments in Latin American biofuel production. Taking “sustainable development” as a central theme, each chapter considers one country in the region and explores how biofuel production is evolving given concerns about food sovereignty, trade and other social issues. Environmental conservation, as well as an increasingly complex and globalized economic structure, Is also taken into account. The contributions to this volume critically explore the ways in which biofuel production in Latin America impact social, economic and environmental systems: the so-called “three pillars of sustainability". Numerous stakeholders, drawn from government, industry, civil society and academia have attempted to define “Sustainable Development” in the context of biofuel production and to operationalize it through a series of principles, criteria, and highly specific indicators. Nevertheless, it remains a fluid and contested concept with deep political and social ramifications, which each chapter explores in detail.
Book Synopsis Biodiesel: Feedstocks, Technologies, Economics and Barriers by : Armen B. Avagyan
Download or read book Biodiesel: Feedstocks, Technologies, Economics and Barriers written by Armen B. Avagyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution policy is closely connected with climate change, public health, energy, transport, trade, and agriculture, and generally speaking, the Earth has been pushed to the brink and the damage is becoming increasingly obvious. The transport sector remains a foremost source of air pollutants – a fact that has stimulated the production of biofuels. This book focuses on the biodiesel industry, and proposes a modification of the entire manufacturing chain that would pave the way for further improvements. Oil derived from oilseed plantations/crops is the most commonly used feedstock for the production of biodiesel. At the same time, the UK’s Royal Academy of Engineering and 178 scientists in the Netherlands have determined that some biofuels, such as diesel produced from food crops, have led to more emissions than those produced by fossil fuels. Accordingly, this book re-evaluates the full cycle of biodiesel production in order to help find optimal solutions. It confirms that the production and use of fertilizers for the cultivation of crop feedstocks generate considerably more GHG emissions compared to the mitigation achieved by using biodiesel. To address this fertilization challenge, projecting future biofuel development requires a scenario in which producers shift to an organic agriculture approach that includes the use of microalgae. Among advanced biofuels, algae’s advantages as a feedstock include the highest conversion of solar energy, and the ability to absorb CO2 and pollutants; as such, it is the better choice for future fuels. With regard to the question of why algae’s benefits have not been capitalized on for biofuel production, our analyses indicate that the sole main barrier to realizing algae’s biofuel potential is ineffective international and governmental policies, which create difficulties in reconciling the goals of economic development and environmental protection.
Book Synopsis Does production of oil palm, soybean, or jatropha change biodiversity and ecosystem functions in tropical forests by : Sini Savilaakso
Download or read book Does production of oil palm, soybean, or jatropha change biodiversity and ecosystem functions in tropical forests written by Sini Savilaakso and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels, or fuels derived from transformation of biological matter, are hailed by some as a promising source of renewable energy potentially reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A widespread adoption of biofuels will however present its own set of challenges and consequences. Direct or indirect land use change due to expansion of feedstock cultivation can cause deforestation and forest degradation leading to biodiversity losses and other environmental concerns like soil degradation and erosion, water pollution and scarcity, and the risk of crop species invading natural ecosystems. Although biofuel production is currently not the main use of palm oil and soybean and hence, has so far contributed only little to the land-use change patterns, it has been predicted to grow. Therefore, it is important to know the potential consequences of the expansion of biofuel cultivation may have for biodiversity in order to provide policy guidance.
Book Synopsis The Impacts of Biofuels on the Economy, Environment, and Poverty by : Govinda R. Timilsina
Download or read book The Impacts of Biofuels on the Economy, Environment, and Poverty written by Govinda R. Timilsina and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in biofuels began with oil shocks in the 1970’s, but the more rapid development and consumption of biofuel industry in recent years has been primarily driven by mandates, subsidies, climate change concerns, emissions targets and energy security. From 2004 to 2006, fuel ethanol grew by 26% and biodiesel grew by 172%. As biofuel production continues to expand, investments in capacity expansion and research and development have been made. The 2008 food crisis emphasized the need to re-examine biofuel consequences. Biofuels remain an important renewable energy resource to substitute for fossil fuels, particularly in the transportation sector, yet biofuels’ success is still uncertain. The future of biofuels in the energy supply mix relies on mitigating potential and improving the environmental gains. This book brings together leading authorities on biofuel from the World Bank to examine all of the impacts of biofuel (economic, social, environmental) within a unified framework and in a global perspective, making it of interest to academics in agricultural and environmental economics as well as industry and policy-makers.
Book Synopsis Environmental, Economic and Policy Aspects of Biofuels by : Deepak Rajagopal
Download or read book Environmental, Economic and Policy Aspects of Biofuels written by Deepak Rajagopal and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2008 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental, Economic and Policy Aspects of Biofuels provides a timely summary of the current issues contributing to the policy debates on this emerging and important topic. The authors make several key conclusions: - Biofuels are diverse and evolving. The next generation of biofuels has the potential to provide improved net benefits but requires significant technological breakthroughs. - Greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits vary significantly across various types of biofuels and are dependent on market conditions and policy situation. - While biofuel improves the welfare of gasoline consumers and food producers, it has a significant negative affect on food consumers, especially the poor. - A diverse set of policies, which have been introduced or proposed, impact biofuels directly including subsidies, mandates, and regulation of carbon content of fuels. However, current policies do not provide incentives that align private and social welfare. - Much of the impact assessments of biofuels thus far are ex-ante estimates based on either optimization or equilibrium models. There is a lack of ex-post econometric analysis of the marginal impact of biofuels and biofuel policies on the economy. And the structural relationships between agriculture, the energy sector, and the environment in the context of biofuels have hardly been studied. The biofuel policy debate is likely to be an ongoing one in the near future and Environmental, Economic and Policy Aspects of Biofuels should be required reading for anyone interested in understanding this diverse and growing literature.
Book Synopsis Fuelling Exclusion? by : Lorenzo Cotula
Download or read book Fuelling Exclusion? written by Lorenzo Cotula and published by IIED. This book was released on 2008 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential Land Use Competition from First-generation Biofuel Expansion in Developing Countries by : George C. Schoneveld
Download or read book Potential Land Use Competition from First-generation Biofuel Expansion in Developing Countries written by George C. Schoneveld and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing opportunities and constraints for biofuel development in sub-Saharan Africa by : Graham von Maltitz
Download or read book Assessing opportunities and constraints for biofuel development in sub-Saharan Africa written by Graham von Maltitz and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable biofuel production should provide opportunities for sub-Saharan African countries and their inhabitants, especially in impoverished rural areas. Biofuel feedstock production has the potential to bring job opportunities and earnings, but this should not be at the cost of existing livelihoods and the local environment. Biofuels also have the potential to increase energy security in these countries for both transportation and household needs. Sub-Saharan African biofuel feedstock production projects can be classified into 4 distinct models based on production scales (small- versus large-scale farm/plantations) and on the intended use of the biofuel (local versus national). The first type embraces large corporate plantations to supply the market for liquid transport fuel blends. The second type comprises small-scale producers linked to the corporate producers. The third type involves small-scale producers supplying the local energy needs of farmers and villages. The fourth and rarest type is linked to the large corporate plantations, to meet the corporations own energy needs. The introduction of foreign-owned, large-scale corporate plantations producing biofuel for transport fuel blends causes the most concern in sub-Saharan Africa, as their scale and ownership arrangements may disrupt rural livelihoods and affect access rights to land resources. However, these projects can also bring job opportunities, thereby providing alternative sources of income for poor communities. This working paper assesses mechanisms for limiting the negative impacts while maximising national benefit capture. Market-based mechanisms versus legal and policy mechanisms to enhance long-term sustainability are also discussed.
Book Synopsis Biofuel Support Policies: An Economic Assessment by : OECD
Download or read book Biofuel Support Policies: An Economic Assessment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-08-25 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report shows that the high level of policy support contributes little to reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and other policy objectives, while it adds to a range of factors that raise international prices for food commodities.
Book Synopsis review of environmental, economic and policy aspects of biofuels by : Deepak Rajagopal
Download or read book review of environmental, economic and policy aspects of biofuels written by Deepak Rajagopal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The world is witnessing a sudden growth in production of biofuels, especially those suited for replacing oil like ethanol and biodiesel. This paper synthesizes what the environmental, economic, and policy literature predicts about the possible effects of these types of biofuels. Another motivation is to identify gaps in understanding and recommend areas for future work. The analysis finds three key conclusions. First, the current generation of biofuels, which is derived from food crops, is intensive in land, water, energy, and chemical inputs. Second, the environmental literature is dominated by a discussion of net carbon offset and net energy gain, while indicators relating to impact on human health, soil quality, biodiversity, water depletion, etc., have received much less attention. Third, there is a fast expanding economic and policy literature that analyzes the various effects of biofuels from both micro and macro perspectives, but there are several gaps. A bewildering array of policies - including energy, transportation, agricultural, trade, and environmental policies - is influencing the evolution of biofuels. But the policies and the level of subsidies do not reflect the marginal impact on welfare or the environment. In summary, all biofuels are not created equal. They exhibit considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity in production. The impact of biofuels will also be heterogeneous, creating winners and losers. The findings of the paper suggest the importance of the role biomass plays in rural areas of developing countries. Furthermore, the use of biomass for producing fuel for cars can affect access to energy and fodder and not just access to food.
Download or read book Biofuels written by Zhen Fang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-01-23 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book overviews social, economic, environmental and sustainable issues by the use of biofuels written by professionals. It should be of interest for students, researchers, scientists and technologists in biofuels.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Expansion and Tropical Deforestation by : Solon L. Barraclough
Download or read book Agricultural Expansion and Tropical Deforestation written by Solon L. Barraclough and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no clear-cut causal relationship between international trade, agricultural expansion and tropical deforestation. Academics, policy-makers and the public are all tempted by simplistic solutions to complex problems. In order to establish the true causal factors involved in this critical area of environmental decline, the authors of this study present case studies ranging over three continents. Utilizing statistics, it is shown that the focus of analysis of deforestation must be applied as much to the misguided policies of national and regional authorities as to the forces of trade and globalization. Further, it demonstrates that we must adopt a critical perspective on the historical context of human use of forest areas, looking at issues such as systems of land tenure. The primary aim of the book is to highlight the need to seek solutions in far-reaching institutional and policy reforms adapted to specific socio-economic and ecological contexts, if the problem of tropical deforestation is to be tackled effectively.
Book Synopsis Microalgae as a Feedstock for Biofuels by : Luisa Gouveia
Download or read book Microalgae as a Feedstock for Biofuels written by Luisa Gouveia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-30 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief provides a concise review of the potential use of microalgae for biofuel production. The following topics are highlighted: the advantages of microalgae over conventional biofuel-producing crops; technological processes for energy production using microalgae; microalgal biomass production systems, production rates and costs; algae cultivation strategies and main culture parameters; biomass harvesting technologies and cell disruption; CO2 sequestration; life cycle analysis; and algal biorefinery strategies. The conclusions section discusses the contribution of the technologies described to environmental sustainability and future prospects.
