Handbook of Avian Medicine

Download Handbook of Avian Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Saunders Limited.
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Avian Medicine by : Thomas N. Tully

Download or read book Handbook of Avian Medicine written by Thomas N. Tully and published by Saunders Limited.. This book was released on 2009 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference gives the small animal practitioner a complete information source for the basics of avian medicine and surgery. It pulls together the international expertise of the avian veterinary community by incorporating the knowledge of authors world-wide. The first six chapters cover the basic medical information needed to run a primary care avian practice. The focus here is on introductory level material and the average companion animal practice. If you see between one and five birds a week, this text is for you. The later chapters are species-specific and help the veterinarian in evaluating, treating, and/or referring various bird species. The new edition builds on the success of the first edition and includes full colour illustrations throughout. First 6 chapters: cover basic information needed to run a primary care avian practice Later chapters: species-specific helping veterinarians to build up their knowledge in order to evaluate, treat and/or refer Multi-author text combining best practice tips and different techniques from avian experts worldwide: the editors are from 3 different countries and the chapter authors from many more Provides quick access to crucial information for the non-specialist Offers the basics of avian medicine and surgery . Fully up-dated throughout . Full colour throughout . Increase of line drawings and illustrations in general . Better quality images . Includes practice tip highlights throughout

Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice

Download Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 131536011X
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice by : Bob Doneley

Download or read book Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice written by Bob Doneley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice is an invaluable quick reference resource for clinicians and a useful study guide for veterinary students. In this practical and beautifully illustrated book, early chapters cover physical examination, advice on interpreting diagnostic tests, and avian anatomy and physiology. Disorders affecting the different body regions and systems make up the majority of the book from the external—skin, feathers, eyes, legs and feet—to the internal including the gastrointestinal tract and the cardiovascular system. Further aspects of avian medicine discussed in the book include behavioural problems, incubation of eggs, paediatrics and surgery. Written by an expert with more than 30 years of clinical experience in avian medicine, the new edition is thoroughly revised with updated diseases, new and expanded clinical techniques, and over 100 new color illustrations. It also adds four important new chapters: Husbandry, Grooming and Nutrition, Diagnostic Imaging, Endoscopy, and Oncology as well as new sections on cardiovascular anatomy and neuroanatomy.

Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery

Download Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1455746711
Total Pages : 929 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (557 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery by : Brian Speer

Download or read book Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery written by Brian Speer and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A current and cutting-edge reference, Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery takes the popular Current Therapy approach in providing succinct and clear information pertinent to the medical care of avian species. Most chapters include an up-to-date delivery of the current state of knowledge on their subject material, and provide practical approaches and thought processes applicable to diagnosis and therapy where appropriate. Information is always easy to find, with topics including the latest advances in internal medicine; behavioral medicine; anesthesia, analgesia, and surgery. Sections dedicated to welfare, conservation, and practice risk management explore important, but less commonly discussed aspects of avian practice; and the pattern recognition portion of the text offers readers a view of what companion bird conditions are likely to be seen in practice in different parts of the world. Written by a team of highly regarded contributors from around the world, this text helps readers, regardless of location and current knowledge, develop and augment skills in the medical and surgical care of avian species. The Current Therapy format provides current, up-to-date, succinct and clear information pertinent to the medical and surgical care of avian species. Coverage of clinically significant topics includes current veterinary scientific literature and hot topics relating to today's avian medicine and surgery. Coverage of a wide variety of bird species includes psittacines, pigeons, raptors, ratites, waterfowl, gallinaceous birds, and less common species. More than 800 full-color images show avian disease, management strategies and thought processes, and aid in formulating guidelines to care. World-renowned, expert contributors provide cutting-edge information, offering authoritative, accurate, and sometimes controversial opinions in many areas of study. Summary tables simplify the lookup of key facts and treatment guidelines. References in each chapter facilitate further reading and research on specific topics.

Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery

Download Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470691564
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (915 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery by : Brian H. Coles

Download or read book Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery written by Brian H. Coles and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery is designed as a concise quick reference for the busy practitioner and animal nurse. Eminently practical, this classic avian text is prized for its down-to-earth approach. new contributions from world renowned experts in avian medicine new chapter on the special senses of birds, an understanding of which is crucial when giving advice on avian welfare problems fully up-to-date on the latest diagnostic and imaging techniques avian zoonotics are highlighted in infectious diseases section

Bird Medicine

Download Bird Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 159143825X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (914 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bird Medicine by : Evan T. Pritchard

Download or read book Bird Medicine written by Evan T. Pritchard and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the living spiritual tradition surrounding birds in Native American culture • Pairs scholarly research with more than 200 firsthand accounts of bird signs from traditional Native Americans and their descendants • Examines the legends, wisdom, and powers of the birds known as the gatekeepers of the four directions—Eagle, Hawk, Crow, and Owl • Provides many examples of bird sign interpretations and human-bird communication that can be applied in your own encounters with birds Birds are our strongest allies in the natural world. Revered in Native American spirituality and shamanic traditions around the world, birds are known as teachers, guardians, role models, counselors, healers, clowns, peacemakers, and meteorologists. They carry messages and warnings from loved ones and the spirit world, report deaths and injuries, and channel divine intelligence to answer our questions. Some of their “signs” are so subtle that one could discount them as subjective, but others are dramatic enough to strain even a skeptic’s definition of coincidence. Pairing scholarly research with more than 200 firsthand accounts of bird encounters from traditional Native Americans and their descendants, Evan Pritchard explores the living spiritual tradition surrounding birds in Native American culture. He examines in depth the birds known as the gatekeepers of the four directions--Eagle in the North, Hawk in the East, Crow in the South, and Owl in the West--including their roles in legends and the use of their feathers in shamanic rituals. He reveals how the eagle can be a direct messenger of the Creator, why crows gather in “Crow Councils,” and how shamans have the ability to travel inside of birds, even after death. Expanding his study to the wisdom and gifts of birds beyond the four gatekeepers, such as hummingbirds, seagulls, and the mythical thunderbird, he provides numerous examples of everyday bird sign interpretations that can be applied in your own encounters with birds as well as ways we can help protect birds and encourage them to communicate with us.

Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine

Download Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119149231
Total Pages : 996 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine by : Jennifer E. Graham

Download or read book Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine written by Jennifer E. Graham and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine delivers the most relevant and current information required by general veterinary practitioners and veterinary specialists in treating emergent and critical exotic patients. Covering the management of common emergency presentations in exotic companion mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, each section discusses triage and stabilization, diagnostics, nutrition and fluid therapy, analgesia, anesthesia, monitoring, CPR, and euthanasia. The book includes quick reference tables, species-specific drug formularies, and illustrations of exotic animal emergency procedures and techniques. The information contained within is based on an extensive review of the most current literature and the combined knowledge and expertise of international leaders in the field of exotic animal medicine and surgery. A one-stop resource like no other, Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine makes it easy to find the information needed to effectively treat urgent and life-threatening conditions in pet exotic animals. The book covers a wide range of species, encompassing: Exotic companion mammals, including ferrets, rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, hedgehogs, and sugar gliders Birds, including psittacines, passerines, doves and pigeons, as well as backyard poultry and waterfowl Reptiles, including turtles and tortoises, snakes and lizards Amphibians Equally useful for general practitioners, specialists in emergency and critical care and exotic animal medicine, veterinary students, and trainees, Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an essential resource for the emergent and critical care of exotic animals.

Manual of Avian Medicine

Download Manual of Avian Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815184669
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (846 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Manual of Avian Medicine by : Glenn H. Olsen

Download or read book Manual of Avian Medicine written by Glenn H. Olsen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MANUAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE presents a concise overview of avian medicine and is the first text on this topic to use a practical format based on symptoms. The first half is devoted to diagnosis based on clinical problems, followed by specific diseases. In addition, chapters on special topics such as surgery, anesthesia, endoscopy, pediatrics, behavior, and necropsy are included. The book concludes with an invaluable and extensive drug formulary with indications, dosages, and side effects and appendices with vital statistics, normal values, and conversion tables. * Presents a concise overview of all facets of avian medicine. * Features a practical outline format, allowing readers to find information quickly. * Includes a problem-oriented approach, which focuses on presenting complaint/clinical manifestations, thereby helping practitioners and students develop diagnostic skills. * Contains "Hot topic" chapters, which include avian behavior, anesthesia, and toxicology. * Offers an outstanding drug formulary, which features a comprehensive listing of drugs, indications, dosages, side effects, and more. * Integrates discussion of species, with differences discussed as necessary, reducing redundancy. * Includes an appendix on normal blood values.

Avian Medicine

Download Avian Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann Medical
ISBN 13 : 9780750635981
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (359 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Avian Medicine by : Thomas N. Tully

Download or read book Avian Medicine written by Thomas N. Tully and published by Butterworth-Heinemann Medical. This book was released on 2000 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * At last: a book on avian medicine aimed at the general veterinary practitioner * This multi-author text combines best practice tips and different techniques from avian experts worldwide, providing quick access to crucial information for the non-specialist * Here is a complete information source on the basics of avian medicine and surgery that should be required reading for every veterinary practitioner

Laboratory Medicine

Download Laboratory Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780721676791
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (767 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Laboratory Medicine by : Alan M. Fudge

Download or read book Laboratory Medicine written by Alan M. Fudge and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here's the first reference devoted exclusively to laboratory testing for avian and exotic animals. 31 leading experts thoroughly describe how to select, perform, and interpret diagnostic tests for pet birds, common reptiles, rabbits, and ferrets. They also discuss pathophysiology, where appropriate, to help readers understand what various test results mean. Offers separate sections on avian, mammal, and reptile species, each of which is organized by testing discipline and/or organ system for ease of reference. Discusses effective techniques for sample collection, processing, and dealing with artifacts. Presents the most extensive collection of laboratory reference ranges for avian and exotic animals ever published. Includes photomicrographs of reptile protozoa, unavailable in other sources. Features tables that provide quick summaries of important diagnostic information. Provides an appendix of case histories that illustrate test selection, interpretation, and clinical implications.

Manual of Avian Practice

Download Manual of Avian Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780721640839
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (48 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Manual of Avian Practice by : Agnes E. Rupley

Download or read book Manual of Avian Practice written by Agnes E. Rupley and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the aid of algorithms, this practical resource guides practitioners through selecting diagnostics, making a diagnosis, and selecting therapeutics. Features a complete list of differentials and information useful for making difficult diagnoses. Clinical signs are organized by body system for easy reference, and include an introduction to and description of the sign, plus the common causes for groups of birds. An algorithm accompanies each clinical sign to provide quick reference for recommended tests, as well as diagnostic plan and general treatments. References are listed for additional sources of information. A complete list of differential diagnoses and information aids in making difficult diagnoses. A formulary lists doses and treatment intervals for drugs commonly used in avian practice. Appendices address sources of equipment, typical weights of common pet birds, average breeding characteristics of some common psittacine species, toxic plants and plants suitable for use in aviaries, and line drawings of skeletal and visceral anatomy. Numerous illustrations throughout the text clarify important content.

Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery

Download Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118335430
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery by : Cheryl B. Greenacre

Download or read book Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery written by Cheryl B. Greenacre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery is a practical resource offering guidance on developing diagnostic and treatment plans for individual companion poultry or small flocks. Organized by body system to aid in developing a differential diagnosis list for common presenting signs, the book provides all the information clinicians need to effectively treat backyard poultry. Written by experts from both the commercial poultry field and the companion avian field, the book provides thorough coverage of both common and less common diseases of backyard chickens, ducks, and other poultry. The book begins with introductory chapters covering general information, an overview of US laws, and basic husbandry concerns, then moves into specific disease chapters organized by system. The book takes an individual medicine perspective throughout, with photographs, radiographs, and histopathological photomicrographs to illustrate principles and diseases. Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery is an invaluable guide to diseases and treatments for any practitioners treating backyard poultry.

Avian Medicine and Surgery

Download Avian Medicine and Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780632033560
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (335 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Avian Medicine and Surgery by : B. H. Coles

Download or read book Avian Medicine and Surgery written by B. H. Coles and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1997-06-04 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition was published, there has been increasing public interest in birds. More people are keeping aviaries, bird watching is increasing in popularity, falconry has seen a considerable revival and conservation groups are encouraging captive breeding of wild species for restocking. Veterinarians continue to be consulted more frequently on avian problems and this book provides a basic, accessible guide to avian medical or surgical problems. The book has been substantially updated; much of the chapter on Aids to Diagnosis has been rewritten and expanded, and the formulary and sections on infectious diseases have been updated. An additional chapter on anatomical and physiological diversity has been added to explain the many factors to be taken into account when the clinician is presented with an unfamiliar species.

Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult

Download Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111893461X
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult by : Jennifer E. Graham

Download or read book Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult written by Jennifer E. Graham and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-18 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian presents complete information on diseases and conditions seen in birds in a quick-reference format ideal for clinical practice. • Offers fast access to essential information on 128 avian diseases and syndromes • Written by leading experts in avian medicine • Uses the trusted Five-Minute Veterinary Consult format • Focuses on practical clinical knowledge • Includes access to a companion website offering algorithms, procedure guides, and client education handouts to download, edit, and use in practice

Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology

Download Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118710665
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology by : Terry W. Campbell

Download or read book Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology written by Terry W. Campbell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the long-awaited revision and expansion of Avian Hematology and Cytology, 2nd Edition. This new book builds on the avian foundation of Campbell’s earlier work and has grown to include coverage of several other important exotic animal groups including small mammals, reptiles, fish, and amphibians. This is the must-have hematologic and cytologic reference for all veterinarians and researchers working with avian and exotic animals.

Avian Immunology

Download Avian Immunology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123972728
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Avian Immunology by : Bernd Kaspers

Download or read book Avian Immunology written by Bernd Kaspers and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research

Avian Medicine and Surgery

Download Avian Medicine and Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780721654461
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (544 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Avian Medicine and Surgery by : Robert B. Altman

Download or read book Avian Medicine and Surgery written by Robert B. Altman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the clinical disorders and treatment of the diseases of birds, this text serves as a practical guide to therapy. Although the major portion of the book is directed toward psittacine species, there are sections on passerine, columbiaformes, raptors, ratites, toucans, myna, and wildlife. While clinically oriented, the text contains strong sections on core topics such as anatomy, physiology, and nutrition, and a tabulated section on pharmacology and therapeutics is included for rapid reference. Covers hookbills (parrots, cockatoos, and other psittacines), finches (canaries and other passerines), pigeons (fancy and racing), and more. Offers detailed information about clinical pharmacology, including dosage regimens and metabolism. A drug formulary contains current dosage recommendations. Describes the post-mortem examination as a protocol. Pictures and recommendations for diagnostic steps aid recognition of many infectious and parasitic problems and help in the selection of samples to send to the laboratory. Provides a taxonomy chart for all bird species. Discusses the bond between humans and birds and offers guidance for dealing with grief. Illustrates pathology through extensive use of colour photographs. Offers discussions about husbandry.

Sturkie's Avian Physiology

Download Sturkie's Avian Physiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124072437
Total Pages : 1056 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sturkie's Avian Physiology by : Colin G. Scanes

Download or read book Sturkie's Avian Physiology written by Colin G. Scanes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sturkie's Avian Physiology is the classic comprehensive single volume on the physiology of domestic as well as wild birds. The Sixth Edition is thoroughly revised and updated, and features several new chapters with entirely new content on such topics as migration, genomics and epigenetics. Chapters throughout have been greatly expanded due to the many recent advances in the field. The text also covers the physiology of flight, reproduction in both male and female birds, and the immunophysiology of birds. The Sixth Edition, like the earlier editions, is a must for anyone interested in comparative physiology, poultry science, veterinary medicine, and related fields. This volume establishes the standard for those who need the latest and best information on the physiology of birds. Includes new chapters on endocrine disruptors, magnetoreception, genomics, proteomics, mitochondria, control of food intake, molting, stress, the avian endocrine system, bone, the metabolic demands of migration, behavior and control of body temperature Features extensively revised chapters on the cardiovascular system, pancreatic hormones, respiration, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal gland, muscle, gastro-intestinal physiology, incubation, circadian rhythms, annual cycles, flight, the avian immune system, embryo physiology and control of calcium. Stands out as the only comprehensive, single volume devoted to bird physiology Offers a full consideration of both blood and avian metabolism on the companion website (http://booksite.elsevier.com/ 9780124071605). Tables feature hematological and serum biochemical parameters together with circulating concentrations of glucose in more than 200 different species of wild birds