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Autonomous Navigation With Obstacle Avoidance For Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using Milp
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Book Synopsis Autonomous Navigation with Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using MILP by : James A. Devens
Download or read book Autonomous Navigation with Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using MILP written by James A. Devens and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous coordination among multiple aerial vehicles to ensure a collision free airspace is a critical aspect of today's airspace. With the rise of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the military and commercial sectors, obstacle avoidance in a densely populated airspace is necessary. This thesis investigates finding optimal or near-optimal trajectories in real-time for aircraft in complex airspaces containing a large number of obstacles. The solution for the trajectories is described as a linear program subject to mixed integer constraints, known as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). The resulting MILP problem is solved in real time using a well-known, public domain MILP solver. In addition, an Exhaustive, Breadth-First Search algorithm was implemented and is used for comparison in terms of execution time and flight path optimality. The Exhaustive Search algorithm is comprised of a multi-branch tree structure that iterates through all possible flight paths from source to target. The MILP solution was implemented in both PC based and embedded system environments. The embedded system environment was implemented on an onboard processor to develop trajectories for each individual aircraft in real time.
Book Synopsis Unmanned Aircraft Systems with Autonomous Navigation by : Umberto Papa
Download or read book Unmanned Aircraft Systems with Autonomous Navigation written by Umberto Papa and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to seek high-quality contributions that highlight novel research results and emerging applications, addressing recent breakthroughs in UAS autonomous navigation and related fields, such as flight mechanics and control, structural design, sensor design, etc. The topics of interest include the following: two-dimensional and three-dimensional mapping, target detection, and obstacle avoidance; the active perception of targets in cluttered environments (foliage, forests, etc.); vision-based and optical flow techniques; sensors and sensor fusion techniques; design models for guidance and controlled flight; state estimation, data analysis and filtering techniques (KF, EKF, particle filtering, fuzzy logic, etc.); path planning and path management; optimal control and strategies (neural networks, fuzzy logic, reinforcement learning, evolutionary and genetic algorithms, AI, etc.); navigation in GPS-denied environments; autolanding and safe landing area definition (SLAD); environmental effects on UAVs (wind, etc.); autonomous UAV or MAV swarms, and distributed architectures; BVLOS autonomous navigation.
Book Synopsis Indoor Navigation Strategies for Aerial Autonomous Systems by : Pedro Castillo-Garcia
Download or read book Indoor Navigation Strategies for Aerial Autonomous Systems written by Pedro Castillo-Garcia and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indoor Navigation Strategies for Aerial Autonomous Systems presents the necessary and sufficient theoretical basis for those interested in working in unmanned aerial vehicles, providing three different approaches to mathematically represent the dynamics of an aerial vehicle. The book contains detailed information on fusion inertial measurements for orientation stabilization and its validation in flight tests, also proposing substantial theoretical and practical validation for improving the dropped or noised signals. In addition, the book contains different strategies to control and navigate aerial systems. The comprehensive information will be of interest to both researchers and practitioners working in automatic control, mechatronics, robotics, and UAVs, helping them improve research and motivating them to build a test-bed for future projects. Provides substantial information on nonlinear control approaches and their validation in flight tests Details in observer-delay schemes that can be applied in real-time Teaches how an IMU is built and how they can improve the performance of their system when applying observers or predictors Improves prototypes with tactics for proposed nonlinear schemes
Book Synopsis High-speed Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance with Pushbroom Stereo by : Andrew James Barry
Download or read book High-speed Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance with Pushbroom Stereo written by Andrew James Barry and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the design and implementation of a small autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle capable of high-speed flight through complex natural environments. Using only onboard sensing and computation, we perform obstacle detection, planning, and feedback control in realtime. We introduce a novel stereo vision algorithm, pushbroom stereo, capable of detecting obstacles at 120 frames per second without overburdening our lightweight processors. Our use of model-based planning and control techniques allows us to track precise trajectories that avoid obstacles identified by the vision system. We demonstrate a complete working system avoiding trees at up to 14 m/s (31 MPH). To the best of our knowledge this is the fastest lightweight aerial vehicle to perform collision avoidance in such a complex environment.
Book Synopsis Realization of Autonomous Navigation Control with Obstacle Avoidance by : Sai Vijaya Madhuri Akella
Download or read book Realization of Autonomous Navigation Control with Obstacle Avoidance written by Sai Vijaya Madhuri Akella and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autonomous Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles by :
Download or read book Autonomous Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Navy and other Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) organizations are increasingly interested in the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for a variety of missions and applications. In order for USVs to fill these roles, they must be capable of a relatively high degree of autonomous navigation. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego is developing core technologies required for robust USV operation in a real-world environment, primarily focusing on autonomous navigation, obstacle avoidance, and path planning.
Book Synopsis Rapid Motion Planning and Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Vehicles by : Laird-Philip Ryan Lewis
Download or read book Rapid Motion Planning and Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Vehicles written by Laird-Philip Ryan Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work introduces the use of optimal control methods for path planning and control of autonomous vehicles in an obstacle-rich environment. Traditional techniques harbor non-optimal, closed architectures primarily derived at a time when computational complexity could significantly hinder overall system performance. Advancements in computing power, miniaturization, and numerical methods permit the utilization of online, optimal path planning and control, thereby improving system flexibility and autonomy. The backbone of this concept is state-of-the-art optimal control techniques involving pseudospectral methods and sequential quadratic programming. Although this research focuses on a robotic car or Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV), several systems, including an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a pendulum on a rotational base, are detailed for the purpose of illustrating the technique's modularity. With respect to the UGV, optimal control methods permit the optimization of maneuver parameters while accounting for complex vehicle kinematics and workspace obstacles, represented as dynamic and path constraints respectively. The path constraints are modeled such that an obstacle of any shape or size can be included. Maneuvering trajectories are first generated in an open-loop architecture, followed by an application of these same techniques in feedback form. Lastly, model fidelity is increased to improve control over vehicle behavior and closed-loop performance and a local knowledge scenario is evaluated.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for Drone Navigation Based on Real-time Depth Estimation by :
Download or read book Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for Drone Navigation Based on Real-time Depth Estimation written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Online Optimal Obstacle Avoidance for Rotary-wing Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by : Keeryun Kang
Download or read book Online Optimal Obstacle Avoidance for Rotary-wing Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles written by Keeryun Kang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents an integrated framework for online obstacle avoidance of rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can provide UAVs an obstacle field navigation capability in a partially or completely unknown obstacle-rich environment. The framework is composed of a LIDAR interface, a local obstacle grid generation, a receding horizon (RH) trajectory optimizer, a global shortest path search algorithm, and a climb rate limit detection logic. The key feature of the framework is the use of an optimization-based trajectory generation in which the obstacle avoidance problem is formulated as a nonlinear trajectory optimization problem with state and input constraints over the finite range of the sensor. This local trajectory optimization is combined with a global path search algorithm which provides a useful initial guess to the nonlinear optimization solver. Optimization is the natural process of finding the best trajectory that is dynamically feasible, safe within the vehicle's flight envelope, and collision-free at the same time. The optimal trajectory is continuously updated in real time by the numerical optimization solver, Nonlinear Trajectory Generation (NTG), which is a direct solver based on the spline approximation of trajectory for dynamically flat systems. In fact, the overall approach of this thesis to finding the optimal trajectory is similar to the model predictive control (MPC) or the receding horizon control (RHC), except that this thesis followed a two-layer design; thus, the optimal solution works as a guidance command to be followed by the controller of the vehicle. The framework is implemented in a real-time simulation environment, the Georgia Tech UAV Simulation Tool (GUST), and integrated in the onboard software of the rotary-wing UAV test-bed at Georgia Tech. Initially, the 2D vertical avoidance capability of real obstacles was tested in flight. Then the flight test evaluations were extended to the benchmark tests for 3D avoidance capability over the virtual obstacles, and finally it was demonstrated on real obstacles located at the McKenna MOUT site in Fort Benning, Georgia. Simulations and flight test evaluations demonstrate the feasibility of the developed framework for UAV applications involving low-altitude flight in an urban area.
Book Synopsis An Algorithm for Autonomous Formation Obstacle Avoidance by : Yunior I. Cruz
Download or read book An Algorithm for Autonomous Formation Obstacle Avoidance written by Yunior I. Cruz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The level of human interaction with Unmanned Aerial Systems varies greatly from remotely piloted aircraft to fully autonomous systems. In the latter end of the spectrum, the challenge lies in designing effective algorithms to dictate the behavior of the autonomous agents. A swarm of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles requires collision avoidance and formation flight algorithms to negotiate environmental challenges it may encounter during the execution of its mission, which may include obstacles and chokepoints. In this work, a simple algorithm is developed to allow a formation of autonomous vehicles to perform point to point navigation while avoiding obstacles and navigating through chokepoints. Emphasis is placed on maintaining formation structures. Rather than breaking formation and individually navigating around the obstacle or through the chokepoint, vehicles are required to assemble into appropriately sized/shaped sub-formations, bifurcate around the obstacle or negotiate the chokepoint, and reassemble into the original formation at the far side of the obstruction. The algorithm receives vehicle and environmental properties as inputs and outputs trajectories for each vehicle from start to the desired ending location. Simulation results show that the algorithm safely routes all vehicles past the obstruction while adhering to the aforementioned requirements. The formation adapts and successfully negotiates the obstacles and chokepoints in its path while maintaining proper vehicle separation.
Book Synopsis Collision Avoidance and Navigation of UAS Using Vision-based Proportional Navigation by : Matthew J. Clark
Download or read book Collision Avoidance and Navigation of UAS Using Vision-based Proportional Navigation written by Matthew J. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electro-optical devices have received considerable interest due to their light weight, low cost, and low algorithm requirements with respect to computational power. In this thesis, vision-based guidance laws are developed to provide sense and avoidance capabilities for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in complex environments with multiple static and dynamic collusion threats. These collision avoidance guidance laws are based on the principle of proportional navigation (Pro-Nav), which states that a UAV is on a collision course with another vehicle of object if the line-of-sight (LOS) angles to the object remain constant. The guidance laws are designed for the use with monocular electro-optical devices. Which provide information on the LOS angles to potential collision threats, but not the range. The development of these guidance laws propagates from an investigation into numerous methods of Pro-Nav based guidance, including the use of LOS rate thresholding, avoidance of the most imminent threat detected, and objective-based cost optimization, The collision avoidance guidance laws were applied to nonlinear, six degree-of-freedom UAV models in various simulation environments including a varying number of static and dynamic obstacles. A final form of the avoidance law, determined from these simulation studies, was applied to a small-scale UAV model flying through a virtual urban environment, which utilizes camera-in-the-loop simulation techniques. The final results of these studies showed that the mode effective approach was to implement a cost function-based avoidance law that includes a term based on the Pro-Nav intercept heading for a desired waypoint and avoidance terms for all obstacles in view that pose a collision threat. Obstacle avoidance headings in the cost function are based on the difference in the obstacle LOS rates from the magnitude of the minimum safe LOS rate. When applied to UAV simulations in a virtual urban environment, this guidance law provided successful avoidance for the case of a single building, maintained a safe heading through an urban layout, a single collision during flight occurred due to a lack of visual feature points to contribute to the avoidance law calculation.
Book Synopsis Advances in Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles by :
Download or read book Advances in Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego has been involved in the continuing development of obstacle avoidance for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) towards the aim of a high level of autonomous navigation. An autonomous USV can fulfill a variety of missions and applications that are of increasing interest for the US Navy and other Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security organizations. The USV obstacle avoidance package is being developed first by accurately creating a world model based on various sensors such as vision, radar, and nautical charts. Then, with this world model the USV can avoid obstacles with the use of a far-field deliberative obstacle avoidance component and a near-field reactive obstacle avoidance component. This paper addresses the advances made in USV obstacle avoidance during the last two years.
Book Synopsis UAV Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance Based on Fuzzy Logic and Kinodynamic RRT Methods by : Long Chen
Download or read book UAV Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance Based on Fuzzy Logic and Kinodynamic RRT Methods written by Long Chen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Path Planning is one of the important problems to be explored in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to find the optimal path between starting position and destination. The aim of path planning technique is not only to find the shortest path but also to provide the collision-free path for the UAV in unknown environment. Although there have been significant advances on the methods of path planning where the map of environment is known in advance, there are still some challenges to be addressed for dynamic autonomous navigation for the UAV in unknown environment. This thesis research proposes a new path planning method named Fuzzy Kinodynamic RRT for unmanned aerial vehicle flying in the unknown environment. This method generates a global path based on RRT [1] (Rapidly-exploring random tree) and utilizes fuzzy logic system to avoid obstacles in real time. A set of heuristics fuzzy rules are designed to lead the UAV away from unmodeled obstacles and to guide the UAV towards the goal. The rules are also tested in different scenarios, and they are all working efficiently both in simple and complicated cases. The UAV starts to fly along the path generated by RRT, and the fuzzy logic system is then activated when it comes across the obstacle. When the sensor detects no collision within a specific distance, the fuzzy system is turned off and the UAV flies back to the previous path towards the final destination. The simulations of the developed algorithm have been carried out in various scenarios, with the sensor to detect the obstacles. The numerical simulations show the satisfactory results in various scenarios for path planning that considerably reduces the risk of colliding with other stationary and moving obstacles. A more robust and efficient fuzzy logic controller which embeds the path planning is finally proposed and the simulation shows the satisfactory results in complicated environments.
Book Synopsis Implementation of Autonomous Navigation and Mapping Using a Laser Line Scanner on a Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle by : Mejdi Ben Ardhaoui
Download or read book Implementation of Autonomous Navigation and Mapping Using a Laser Line Scanner on a Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle written by Mejdi Ben Ardhaoui and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to investigate greater levels of autonomy in unmanned vehicles. This is accomplished by reviewing past literature about the developing of components of software architecture that are necessary for unmanned systems to achieve greater autonomy. The thesis presents implementation studies of existing sensor-based robotic navigation and mapping algorithms in both software and hardware, including a laser range finder, on a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle platform for real-time obstacle detection and avoidance. This effort is intended to lay the groundwork to begin critical evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the MOOS-IVP autonomy architecture and provide insight into what is necessary to achieve greater levels of intelligent autonomy in current and future unmanned systems.
Book Synopsis UAS Flight Path Planning and Collision Avoidance Based on Markov Decision Process by : Tong He
Download or read book UAS Flight Path Planning and Collision Avoidance Based on Markov Decision Process written by Tong He and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing interest and trend for deploying unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in civil applications require robust traffic management approaches that can safely integrate the unmanned platforms into the airspace. Although there have been significant advances in autonomous navigation, especially in the ground vehicles domain, there are still challenges to address for navigation in a dynamic 3D environment that airspace presents. An integrated approach that facilitates semi-autonomous operations in dynamic environments and also allows for operators to stay in the loop for intervention may provide a workable and practical solution for safe UAS integration in the airspace. This thesis research proposes a new path planning method for UAS flying in a dynamic 3D environment shared by multiple aerial vehicles posing potential conflict risks. This capability is referred to as de-confliction in drone traffic management. It primarily targets applications such as UAM [1] where multiple flying manned and/or unmanned aircraft may be present. A new multi-staged algorithm is designed that combines AFP method and Harmonic functions with AKF and MDP for dynamic path planning. It starts with the prediction of aircraft traffic density in the area and then generates the UAS flight path in a way to minimize the risk of encounters and potential conflicts. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations of the algorithm in various scenarios are presented, with an RGB-D camera and Pixhawk Autopilot to track the target. Numerical simulations show satisfactory results in various scenarios for path planning that considerably reduces the risk of conflict with other static and dynamic obstacles. A comparison with the potential field is provided that illustrates the robust and fast of the MDP algorithm.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Navigation & Collision Avoidance System For The Nearchos UAV. by :
Download or read book Autonomous Navigation & Collision Avoidance System For The Nearchos UAV. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Briefing charts from presentation on the autonomous navigation and collision avoidance system for the NEARCHOS UAV.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Flying Robots by : Kenzo Nonami
Download or read book Autonomous Flying Robots written by Kenzo Nonami and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-15 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advance in robotics has boosted the application of autonomous vehicles to perform tedious and risky tasks or to be cost-effective substitutes for their - man counterparts. Based on their working environment, a rough classi cation of the autonomous vehicles would include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), - manned ground vehicles (UGVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs). UAVs, UGVs, AUVs, and ASVs are called UVs (unmanned vehicles) nowadays. In recent decades, the development of - manned autonomous vehicles have been of great interest, and different kinds of autonomous vehicles have been studied and developed all over the world. In part- ular, UAVs have many applications in emergency situations; humans often cannot come close to a dangerous natural disaster such as an earthquake, a ood, an active volcano, or a nuclear disaster. Since the development of the rst UAVs, research efforts have been focused on military applications. Recently, however, demand has arisen for UAVs such as aero-robotsand ying robotsthat can be used in emergency situations and in industrial applications. Among the wide variety of UAVs that have been developed, small-scale HUAVs (helicopter-based UAVs) have the ability to take off and land vertically as well as the ability to cruise in ight, but their most importantcapability is hovering. Hoveringat a point enables us to make more eff- tive observations of a target. Furthermore, small-scale HUAVs offer the advantages of low cost and easy operation.
