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Atmospheric Stable Water Isotope Measurements At The Timescale Of Extratropical Weather Systems
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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Stable Water Isotope Measurements at the Timescale of Extratropical Weather Systems by : Franziska Scholder-Aemisegger
Download or read book Atmospheric Stable Water Isotope Measurements at the Timescale of Extratropical Weather Systems written by Franziska Scholder-Aemisegger and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stable Water Isotope Fractionation Processes in Weather Systems and Their Influence on Isotopic Variability on Different Time Scales by : Marina Lara Dütsch
Download or read book Stable Water Isotope Fractionation Processes in Weather Systems and Their Influence on Isotopic Variability on Different Time Scales written by Marina Lara Dütsch and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Atmospheric Modelling of the Stable Water Istope Cycle by : Kristof Sturm
Download or read book Regional Atmospheric Modelling of the Stable Water Istope Cycle written by Kristof Sturm and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has recently become a major concerning among scientists and the general public. A better knowledge of past climates helps forecasting the future evolution of climate. Stable water isotopes stand as an outstanding paleo-climate proxy. Physical properties of heavy stable water isotopes (H182 O; HDO) cause fractionation processes related to temperature and degree of distillation. If the isotopic signal is correctly inverted, past climate change can be inferred from isotopic archives. Andean ice-cores offer a unique records of tropical climate and its variability through time. However, the interpretation of the isotopic signal is difficult because of complex atmospheric dynamic over South America. For this purpose, we developed a module handling the stable water isotope fractionation processes within the regional circulation model REMO and applied it to South America. The manuscript outlines the major milestones of the present PhD. We first introduce the research topic in the wider scope of climate change; the description of the stable water isotope enabled regional circulation model REMOiso; an initial validation of REMOiso over Europe; an investigation of the seasonal variations of precipitation, atmospheric circulation and isotopic signal over South America; and at last the recording of the south American monsoon system (SAMS) by stable water isotope diagnostics.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Gas Isotopes Preserved in Groundwater, Seawater, and Ice Cores as Climatic Tracers by : Alan M. Seltzer
Download or read book Atmospheric Gas Isotopes Preserved in Groundwater, Seawater, and Ice Cores as Climatic Tracers written by Alan M. Seltzer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations are key to our ability to understand present climate and predict future change. However, for many climatic variables of interest, direct observations are not possible. Well-mixed atmospheric gas tracers preserved in groundwater, seawater, and ice cores provide a crucial lens into past climate and contemporary large-scale signals that cannot be resolved by modern observations. This work is predominantly concerned with dissolved noble gas isotope tracers in groundwater, which are here shown to record mean water-table depths at the time of recharge. Noble gases are ideal tracers of geophysical processes due to their inertness and constant atmospheric concentrations on glacial-interglacial timescales. The foremost goal of this work has been to develop a quantitative tool for past water-table depth reconstruction by measuring the stable isotope ratios of Kr and Xe dissolved in groundwater at high precision. This approach relies on the dominance of depth-dependent gravitational settling fractionation in unsaturated zone (UZ) air prior to its dissolution at the water table, which is predicted by theory and consistent with observations in a deep UZ. Because this gravitational signal, in which heavy-to-light Kr and Xe isotope ratios increase nearly linearly with depth, is transferred to groundwater during dissolution, the isotopic composition of noble gases in groundwater records information about water-table depth at the time of recharge. To fully employ these isotopic tracers of water-table depth, a complete geochemical model for fractionation between the well-mixed atmosphere and groundwater was developed, and constrained by laboratory determinations of relevant isotopic solubility and diffusivity ratios. In measurements from 58 groundwater samples across California, the expected dominance of gravitational settling was confirmed, modern water table depths were reproduced, and a mean decrease in regional San Diego water-table depth of ~20 meters during the last deglaciation was discovered, consistent with prior work that broadly indicates of the prevalence of wetter conditions during the late glacial period. In two additional studies, noble gas isotopes in the deep north Pacific were measured to explore air-sea disequilibrium signals of rapid cooling and gas uptake during deep-water formation, and a composite record of [delta]18O of O2 from two ice cores was compiled to explore the sensitivity of this ratio to shifts in tropical rainfall.
Book Synopsis Manus Water Isotope Investigation Field Campaign Report by :
Download or read book Manus Water Isotope Investigation Field Campaign Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this field campaign was to investigate climatic controls on the stable isotopic composition of water vapor, precipitation, and seawater in the western tropical Pacific. Simultaneous measurements of the stable isotopic composition of vapor and precipitation from April 28 to May 8, 2013, at the Manus Tropical Western Pacific Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site, provided several key insights into the nature of the climate signal archived in precipitation and vapor isotope ratios. We observed a large shift from lower to higher isotopic values in vapor and precipitation because of the passage of a mesoscale convective system west of the site and a transition from a regional stormy period into a more quiescent period. During the quiescent period, the stable isotopic composition of vapor and precipitation indicated the predominance of oceanic evaporation in determining the isotopic composition of boundary-layer vapor and local precipitation. There was not a consistent relationship between intra-event precipitation amount at the site and the stable isotopic composition of precipitation, thus challenging simplified assumptions about the isotopic "amount effect" in the tropics on the time scale of individual storms. However, some storms did show an amount effect, and deuterium excess values in precipitation had a significant relationship with several meteorological variables, including precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, and cloud base height across all measured storms. The direction of these relationships points to condensation controls on precipitation deuterium excess values on intra-event time scales. The relationship between simultaneous measurements of vapor and precipitation isotope ratios during precipitation events indicates the ratio of precipitation-to-vapor isotope ratios can diagnose precipitation originating from a vapor source unique from boundary-layer vapor and rain re-evaporation.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Rivers by : F. Martin Ralph
Download or read book Atmospheric Rivers written by F. Martin Ralph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
Book Synopsis Isotopes in the Water Cycle by : Pradeep K. Aggarwal
Download or read book Isotopes in the Water Cycle written by Pradeep K. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.
Author :Johann R.E. Lutjeharms Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3540372121 Total Pages :334 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (43 download)
Book Synopsis The Agulhas Current by : Johann R.E. Lutjeharms
Download or read book The Agulhas Current written by Johann R.E. Lutjeharms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-26 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the research findings of 60 years, the author describes the origins of the Agulhas Current, its behaviour, its influence on the adjacent continental shelf, its effect on local weather and its role in linking the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The text is well-illustrated and includes asides on the history of research on the Current. An exhaustive bibliography gives easy access to present knowledge on this important current system.
Book Synopsis Learning from the Impacts of Superstorm Sandy by : J. Bret Bennington
Download or read book Learning from the Impacts of Superstorm Sandy written by J. Bret Bennington and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning from the Impacts of Superstorm Sandy summarizes first results from studies of Superstorm Sandy, including: tide gauge measurements of storm surge, stable isotope variation in precipitation, analysis of the effect of beach nourishment among other factors on structural damage, and comparison with past storms through sediment analysis. This book gives a multi-dimensional treatment of scientific results of studies of Superstorm Sandy, and it is a valuable reference for oceanographers, coastal geologists, climatologists, dynamic meteorologists, paleotempostologists, sedimentary geologists, geomorphologists and emergency managers who need to better understand the storm and its effects in order to be prepared for similar events in the future. - Summarizes first results from studies of Superstorm Sandy - Gives a multi-dimensional treatment of scientific results of studies of Superstorm Sandy
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309467578 Total Pages :717 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Thriving on Our Changing Planet by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-20 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet presents prioritized science, applications, and observations, along with related strategic and programmatic guidance, to support the U.S. civil space Earth observation program over the coming decade.
Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change by : National Research Council
Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.
Book Synopsis Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by : National Research Council
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments by : A-V. Bojar
Download or read book Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments written by A-V. Bojar and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to Earth surface environmental reconstructions and environmental changes that may be deciphered and modelled using stable isotopes along with mineralogical/chemical, sedimentological, palaeontological/biological and climatological methodologies. The book is divided into two sections, both using stable isotopes (see www.geolsoc.org.uk/SP507) in various samples and phases as the main research tool. The first section is devoted to studies focusing on the distribution of isotopes in precipitation, groundwater, lakes, rivers, springs, tap water, mine water and their relationship with terrestrial environments at regional to continental scale. In relation to this, the second section includes case studies from a range of continental settings, investigating cave deposits (stalagmites, bat guano), animal skeletons (dinosaurs, alligators, turtles, bivalves), present and past soils (palaeosols) and limestones. The sections focus on the interaction between the surficial water cycle and underground water storage with deposits acting as archives of short- to long-term climatic and environmental changes. Examples from the Early Cretaceous to present time come from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America.
Download or read book Polar Lows written by Erik A. Rasmussen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-04-17 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high-level edited volume about the small, high-latitude weather systems known as polar lows.
Book Synopsis The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars by : Robert M. Haberle
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.
Book Synopsis Isotope Hydrology and Integrated Water Resources Management by : Pradeep Kumar Aggarwal
Download or read book Isotope Hydrology and Integrated Water Resources Management written by Pradeep Kumar Aggarwal and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains 174 extended abstracts of papers presented during 11 technical sessions of the 11th symposium in the series that was convened during 19-23 May 2003 in Vienna. Nearly 275 participants from 69 countries participated in the symposium to discuss the past, present and future of isotope applications in hydrology and climate research.
Download or read book Isoscapes written by Jason B. West and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. Carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 record exchange of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere; the incredible journeys of migrating monarchs is documented by hydrogen isotopes in their wings; and water carries an isotopic record of its source and history as it traverses the atmosphere and land surface. Through these and many other examples, improved understanding of spatio-temporal isotopic variation in Earth systems is leading to innovative new approaches to scientific problem-solving. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, methods, and applications that are enabling new disciplinary and cross-disciplinary advances through the study of "isoscapes": isotopic landscapes. "This impressive new volume shows scientists deciphering and using the natural isotope landscapes that subtly adorn our spaceship Earth.", Brian Fry, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, USA "An excellent timely must read and must-have reference book for anybody interested or engaged in applying stable isotope signatures to questions in e.g. Anthropology, Biogeochemistry, Ecology, or Forensic Science regarding chronological and spatial movement, changes, or distribution relating to animals, humans, plants, or water.", Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, UK "Natural resources are being affected by global change, but exactly where, how, and at what pace? Isoscapes provide new and remarkably precise answers.", John Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA "This exciting volume is shaping a new landscape in environmental sciences that is utilizing the remarkable advances in isotope research to enhance and extend the capabilities of the field.", Dan Yakir, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
