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Astrophysics With Radioactive Isotopes
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Book Synopsis Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes by : Roland Diehl
Download or read book Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes written by Roland Diehl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dealing with astrophysics derived from the radiation emitted by radioactive atomic nuclei, this book describes the different methods used to measure cosmic radio-isotopes. It demonstrates how this astronomical window has contributed to the understanding of the sources and the chemical evolution of cosmic gas. Reference materials and explanations are included for students in advanced stages of their education. Nuclear reactions in different sites across the universe lead to the production of stable and unstable nuclei. Their abundances can be measured through different methods, allowing to study the various nuclear processes taking place in cosmic environments. Nucleosynthesis is the cosmic formation of new nuclear species, starting from hydrogen and helium resulting from the big bang origins. Stars create and eject synthesized nuclei during their evolution and explosions. Incorporation of the new interstellar composition into next-generation stars characterises the compositional (chemical) evolution of cosmic gas in and between galaxies. Radioactive species have unique messages about how this occurs. Since the first Edition of this book published in 2011 with the title Astronomy with Radioactivities, long-awaited new direct observations of supernova radioactivity have been made and are now addressed in two updated chapters dealing with supernovae. In this second Edition, the advances of recent years beyond one-dimensional treatments of stellar structure and stellar explosions towards 3-dimensional models have been included, and led to significant re-writings in Chapters 3-5. The sections on the Solar System origins have been re-written to account for new insights into the evolution of giant molecular clouds. The chapter on diffuse radioactivities now also includes material measurements of radioactivities in the current solar system, and their interpretations for recent nucleosynthesis activity in our Galaxy. Significant new results on gamma-rays from positron annihilations have been accounted for in that chapter, and led to new links with nucleosynthesis sources as well as interstellar transport processes. A new chapter now provides a description of interstellar processes often called 'chemical evolution', thus linking the creation of new nuclei to their abundance observations in gas and stars. The experimental / instrumental chapters on nuclear reaction measurements, on gamma-ray telescopes, and pre-solar grain laboratories have been updated. Moreover, new windows of astronomy that have been opened up in recent years have been included in the discussions of the multi-messenger approach that broadens the basis for astrophysical insights.
Book Synopsis Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes by : Roland Diehl
Download or read book Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes written by Roland Diehl and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dealing with astrophysics derived from the radiation emitted by radioactive atomic nuclei, this book describes the different methods used to measure cosmic radio-isotopes. It demonstrates how this astronomical window has contributed to the understanding of the sources and the chemical evolution of cosmic gas. Reference materials and explanations are included for students in advanced stages of their education. Nuclear reactions in different sites across the universe lead to the production of stable and unstable nuclei. Their abundances can be measured through different methods, allowing to study the various nuclear processes taking place in cosmic environments. Nucleosynthesis is the cosmic formation of new nuclear species, starting from hydrogen and helium resulting from the big bang origins. Stars create and eject synthesized nuclei during their evolution and explosions. Incorporation of the new interstellar composition into next-generation stars characterises the compositional (chemical) evolution of cosmic gas in and between galaxies. Radioactive species have unique messages about how this occurs. Since the first Edition of this book published in 2011 with the title Astronomy with Radioactivities, long-awaited new direct observations of supernova radioactivity have been made and are now addressed in two updated chapters dealing with supernovae. In this second Edition, the advances of recent years beyond one-dimensional treatments of stellar structure and stellar explosions towards 3-dimensional models have been included, and led to significant re-writings in Chapters 3-5. The sections on the Solar System origins have been re-written to account for new insights into the evolution of giant molecular clouds. The chapter on diffuse radioactivities now also includes material measurements of radioactivities in the current solar system, and their interpretations for recent nucleosynthesis activity in our Galaxy. Significant new results on gamma-rays from positron annihilations have been accounted for in that chapter, and led to new links with nucleosynthesis sources as well as interstellar transport processes. A new chapter now provides a description of interstellar processes often called 'chemical evolution', thus linking the creation of new nuclei to their abundance observations in gas and stars. The experimental / instrumental chapters on nuclear reaction measurements, on gamma-ray telescopes, and pre-solar grain laboratories have been updated. Moreover, new windows of astronomy that have been opened up in recent years have been included in the discussions of the multi-messenger approach that broadens the basis for astrophysical insights.
Book Synopsis Astronomy with Radioactivities by : Roland Diehl
Download or read book Astronomy with Radioactivities written by Roland Diehl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to the field of nuclear astrophysics, i.e. the acquisition and reading of measurements on unstable isotopes in different parts of the universe. The authors explain the role of radioactivities in astrophysics, discuss specific sources of cosmic isotopes and in which special regions they can be observed. More specifically, the authors address stars of different types, stellar explosions which terminate stellar evolutions, and other explosions triggered by mass transfers and instabilities in binary stars. They also address nuclear reactions and transport processes in interstellar space, in the contexts of cosmic rays and of chemical evolution. A special chapter is dedicated to the solar system which even provides material samples. The book also contains a description of key tools which astrophysicists employ in those particular studies and a glossary of key terms in astronomy with radioactivities.
Book Synopsis Cosmogenic Radionuclides by : Jürg Beer
Download or read book Cosmogenic Radionuclides written by Jürg Beer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmogenic radionuclides are radioactive isotopes which are produced by natural processes and distributed within the Earth system. With a holistic view of the environment the authors show in this book how cosmogenic radionuclides can be used to trace and to reconstruct the history of a large variety of processes. They discuss the way in which cosmogenic radionuclides can assist in the quantification of complex processes in the present-day environment. The book aims to demonstrate to the reader the strength of analytic tools based on cosmogenic radionuclides, their contribution to almost any field of modern science, and how these tools may assist in the solution of many present and future problems that we face here on Earth. The book provides a comprehensive discussion of the basic principles behind the applications of cosmogenic (and other) radionuclides as environmental tracers and dating tools. The second section of the book discusses in some detail the production of radionuclides by cosmic radiation, their transport and distribution in the atmosphere and the hydrosphere, their storage in natural archives, and how they are measured. The third section of the book presents a number of examples selected to illustrate typical tracer and dating applications in a number of different spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, solar physics and astronomy). At the same time the authors have outlined the limitations of the use of cosmogenic radionuclides. Written on a level understandable by graduate students without specialist skills in physics or mathematics, the book addresses a wide audience, ranging from archaeology, biophysics, and geophysics, to atmospheric physics, hydrology, astrophysics and space science.
Book Synopsis Scientific Opportunities with a Rare-Isotope Facility in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Scientific Opportunities with a Rare-Isotope Facility in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-09 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over ten years ago, U.S. nuclear scientists proposed construction of a new rare isotope accelerator in the United States, which would enable experiments to elucidate the important questions in nuclear physics. To help assess this proposal, DOE and NSF asked the NRC to define the science agenda for a next-generation U.S. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). As the study began, DOE announced a substantial reduction in the scope of this facility and put off its initial operation date by several years. The study focused on an evaluation of the science that could be accomplished on a facility reduced in scope. This report provides a discussion of the key science drivers for a FRIB, an assessment of existing domestic and international rare isotope beams, an assessment of the current U.S. position about the FRIB, and a set of findings and conclusions about the scientific and policy context for such a facility.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Astrophysics by : Bronisław Kuchowicz
Download or read book Nuclear Astrophysics written by Bronisław Kuchowicz and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclei Far from Stability and Astrophysics by : Dorin N. Poenaru
Download or read book Nuclei Far from Stability and Astrophysics written by Dorin N. Poenaru and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad range of topics of current interest are discussed, from nuclear structure at the edge of stability to nuclear astrophysics and cosmic ray physics at the highest energies. Both the state of the art and basic background information are presented with a particular emphasis on interrelated research interests. The writers are all active scientists who enjoy the highest international reputation. They cover a range of problems of nuclear structure, in particular those concerning exotic nuclei and their decay modes, their relevance to nuclear reaction chains in stellar burning processes at various astrophysical sites, and as yet unsolved questions concerning the origin, acceleration mechanism, energy spectrum and elemental composition of high energy cosmic rays. Readership: Postgraduate physicists interested in the development of modern radioactive beam facilities, large array gamma ray and cosmic ray detectors, and new theoretical tools.
Book Synopsis Physics of Radioactive Beams by : Carlos A. Bertulani
Download or read book Physics of Radioactive Beams written by Carlos A. Bertulani and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Secondary beams of rare isotopes; Nucleus-nucleus scattering at high energies; Sizes and energies of exotic nuclei; Break-up reactions and momentum distributions; Borromean nuclei; Coulomb excitation; Coulomb excitation of exotic nuclei; Elastic and inelastic scattering; Pion production; Tests of fundamental interactions; Nuclear astrophysics; Fusion reactions; Formation of heavy and superheavy elements; Subject index.
Book Synopsis Table of Isotopes by : Richard B. Firestone
Download or read book Table of Isotopes written by Richard B. Firestone and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1999-08-03 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear structure and decay data for thousands of isotopes and isomers - a new update of the definitive reference. The 1999 Table of Isotopes booklet set features: * Nuclear structure and radioactive decay data for approximately 3,700 isotopes and isomers - an increase of more than 100 since the 1998 Update. * Up-to-date mass chain information, with more than 10% revised material. * The latest versions as of December 1998 of the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) and Nuclear Science Reference (NSR) file. * Additional data from several evaluation sources, including The Table of Superdeformed Nuclear Bands and Fission Isomers. * Updated isotope summary table as well as energy-ordered gamma ray and alpha particle tables-now included on the software (available from the book's website at www.wiley-vch.de/books/info/0-471-35633-6). * Updated appendices for elemental data, nuclear charts, and gamma ray energy standards. * Adoption of the 1997 IUPAC recommended heavy element names. * More than 25,000 references. * Convenient links to additional atomic mass, nuclear astrophysics rates, spontaneous fission, thermal neutron capture, and more. Plus, the Isotope Explorer 2.22 software lets you search the entire database by level scheme drawings, annotated tables, data plots, nuclear structure charts and keywords as well as download the latest data directly from the Table of Isotopes Web site. The 1999 Update booklet features a new comprehensive isotope nuclear structure table. In addition, it provides clear, step-by-step instructions on navigating the Table of Isotopes electronic content and accessing its Web site. System Requirements: PC, Macintosh(r), or UNIX(r) systems with double speed and sufficient RAM to run Adobe(TM) Acrobat(r) (see Adobe Acrobat Reader information in the book for specific system requirements). Included: Adobe Acrobat Reader(r) 3.02 for Windows(r) 95, 98, and NT and Linux 1.2.13 or higher; Acrobat Reader 3.01 for Windows 3.1; Isotope Explorer 2.22 for Windows 95, 98, and NT.
Book Synopsis Cosmic Radiation in Contemporary Astrophysics by : M.M. Shapiro
Download or read book Cosmic Radiation in Contemporary Astrophysics written by M.M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Erice, Sicily, Italy, November, 1984
Book Synopsis Fundamentals in Nuclear Physics by : Jean-Louis Basdevant
Download or read book Fundamentals in Nuclear Physics written by Jean-Louis Basdevant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers all the phenomenological and experimental data on nuclear physics and demonstrates the latest experimental developments that can be obtained. Introduces modern theories of fundamental processes, in particular the electroweak standard model, without using the sophisticated underlying quantum field theoretical tools. Incorporates all major present applications of nuclear physics at a level that is both understandable by a majority of physicists and scientists of many other fields, and usefull as a first introduction for students who intend to pursue in the domain.
Book Synopsis Radioactivity & Particle Physics And, Radioactive Fallout & Technology by : Willard F. Libby
Download or read book Radioactivity & Particle Physics And, Radioactive Fallout & Technology written by Willard F. Libby and published by Geoscience Analytical. This book was released on 1981 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radioisotope Power Systems by : National Research Council
Download or read book Radioisotope Power Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spacecraft require electrical energy. This energy must be available in the outer reaches of the solar system where sunlight is very faint. It must be available through lunar nights that last for 14 days, through long periods of dark and cold at the higher latitudes on Mars, and in high-radiation fields such as those around Jupiter. Radioisotope power systems (RPSs) are the only available power source that can operate unconstrained in these environments for the long periods of time needed to accomplish many missions, and plutonium-238 (238Pu) is the only practical isotope for fueling them. Plutonium-238 does not occur in nature. The committee does not believe that there is any additional 238Pu (or any operational 238Pu production facilities) available anywhere in the world.The total amount of 238Pu available for NASA is fixed, and essentially all of it is already dedicated to support several pending missions-the Mars Science Laboratory, Discovery 12, the Outer Planets Flagship 1 (OPF 1), and (perhaps) a small number of additional missions with a very small demand for 238Pu. If the status quo persists, the United States will not be able to provide RPSs for any subsequent missions.
Book Synopsis Precision Measurements to Test the Standard Model and for Explosive Nuclear Astrophysics by : Adrian Antonio Valverde
Download or read book Precision Measurements to Test the Standard Model and for Explosive Nuclear Astrophysics written by Adrian Antonio Valverde and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents two significant results in the field of precision measurements in low-energy nuclear physics. Firstly, it presents a precise half-life determination of 11C, leading to the most precise ft-value for a beta decay transition between mirror nuclides, an important advance in the testing of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. Secondly, it describes a high-precision mass measurement of 56Cu, a critical nucleus for determining the path of the astrophysical rapid-proton capture process, performed by the author using the LEBIT Penning trap at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. This new measurement resolves discrepancies in previously-reported calculated mass excesses. In addition, the thesis also presents the construction and testing of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher that will be part of the future N = 126 factory at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at producing nuclei of interest for the astrophysical rapid-neutron capture process for the first time.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Astrophysics by : Md A. Khan
Download or read book Nuclear Astrophysics written by Md A. Khan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume the physics involved in various astrophysical processes like the synthesis of light and heavier elements, explosive burning processes, core collapse supernova etc have been critically addressed with minimum mathematical derivations so as to suit all faculties of the readers. For graduate students there are solved problems with exercises at the end of each chapter, for researchers some recent works on the calculation of physical parameters of astrophysical importance like the calculation of Sfactors at low energies have been included, and for amateur readers there are lot of history, information and discussion on the astronuclear phenomenon. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Book Synopsis Radiative Processes in Astrophysics by : George B. Rybicki
Download or read book Radiative Processes in Astrophysics written by George B. Rybicki and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiative Processes in Astrophysics: This clear, straightforward, and fundamental introduction is designed to present-from a physicist's point of view-radiation processes and their applications to astrophysical phenomena and space science. It covers such topics as radiative transfer theory, relativistic covariance and kinematics, bremsstrahlung radiation, synchrotron radiation, Compton scattering, some plasma effects, and radiative transitions in atoms. Discussion begins with first principles, physically motivating and deriving all results rather than merely presenting finished formulae. However, a reasonably good physics background (introductory quantum mechanics, intermediate electromagnetic theory, special relativity, and some statistical mechanics) is required. Much of this prerequisite material is provided by brief reviews, making the book a self-contained reference for workers in the field as well as the ideal text for senior or first-year graduate students of astronomy, astrophysics, and related physics courses. Radiative Processes in Astrophysics also contains about 75 problems, with solutions, illustrating applications of the material and methods for calculating results. This important and integral section emphasizes physical intuition by presenting important results that are used throughout the main text; it is here that most of the practical astrophysical applications become apparent.
Book Synopsis Precision Measurements to Test the Standard Model and for Explosive Nuclear Astrophysics by : Adrian A. Valverde
Download or read book Precision Measurements to Test the Standard Model and for Explosive Nuclear Astrophysics written by Adrian A. Valverde and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents two significant results in the field of precision measurements in low-energy nuclear physics. Firstly, it presents a precise half-life determination of 11C, leading to the most precise ft-value for a beta decay transition between mirror nuclides, an important advance in the testing of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. Secondly, it describes a high-precision mass measurement of 56Cu, a critical nucleus for determining the path of the astrophysical rapid-proton capture process, performed by the author using the LEBIT Penning trap at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. This new measurement resolves discrepancies in previously-reported calculated mass excesses. In addition, the thesis also presents the construction and testing of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher that will be part of the future N = 126 factory at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at producing nuclei of interest for the astrophysical rapid-neutron capture process for the first time.
