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Association Between Lung Function And Exposure To Smoke Among Firefighters At Prescribed Burns
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Book Synopsis Association Between Lung Function and Exposure to Smoke Among Firefighters at Prescribed Burns by : James C. Slaughter
Download or read book Association Between Lung Function and Exposure to Smoke Among Firefighters at Prescribed Burns written by James C. Slaughter and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Smoke Exposure Among Firefighters at Prescribed Burns in the Pacific Northwest by : Timothy E. Reinhardt
Download or read book Smoke Exposure Among Firefighters at Prescribed Burns in the Pacific Northwest written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Health Hazards of Smoke by : Brian J. Sharkey
Download or read book Health Hazards of Smoke written by Brian J. Sharkey and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Smoke Exposure at Prescribed Burns by :
Download or read book Smoke Exposure at Prescribed Burns written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309499909 Total Pages :161 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Implications of the California Wildfires for Health, Communities, and Preparedness by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Implications of the California Wildfires for Health, Communities, and Preparedness written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California and other wildfire-prone western states have experienced a substantial increase in the number and intensity of wildfires in recent years. Wildlands and climate experts expect these trends to continue and quite likely to worsen in coming years. Wildfires and other disasters can be particularly devastating for vulnerable communities. Members of these communities tend to experience worse health outcomes from disasters, have fewer resources for responding and rebuilding, and receive less assistance from state, local, and federal agencies. Because burning wood releases particulate matter and other toxicants, the health effects of wildfires extend well beyond burns. In addition, deposition of toxicants in soil and water can result in chronic as well as acute exposures. On June 4-5, 2019, four different entities within the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled Implications of the California Wildfires for Health, Communities, and Preparedness at the Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing at the University of California, Davis. The workshop explored the population health, environmental health, emergency preparedness, and health equity consequences of increasingly strong and numerous wildfires, particularly in California. This publication is a summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of PAH Metabolites as Biomarkers for Occupational Wood Smoke Exposure in Wildland Firefighters by : Spencer Birch
Download or read book Evaluation of PAH Metabolites as Biomarkers for Occupational Wood Smoke Exposure in Wildland Firefighters written by Spencer Birch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to wood smoke has been associated with lung cancer and other adverse health outcomes, and therefore it is a great health concern for those in developing parts of the world as well as developed nations. Pyrene, naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene are components of wood smoke and their metabolites have been frequently used as biomarkers of exposure to combustion emissions. In this study, we explored the use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) urinary metabolites to determine their effectiveness as biomarkers for wood smoke exposure. We recruited ten professional firefighters and two volunteers certified to work as firefighters on prescribed burns who performed controlled burns on the United States Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in North Carolina. We quantified metabolites in pre-shift and post-shift urine samples from the firefighters on 7 prescribed burn days and 3 non-burn days, which resulted in a total of 68 urine sample pairs (48 on burn days and 20 on non-burn days). We collected 69 personal air samples, including 48 samples on burn days and 21 samples on non-burn days; these were analyzed for PM2.5, levoglucosan, and light absorbing carbon (LAC). We also measured personal carbon monoxide (CO) exposures in conjunction with the personal air filter samples. We investigated associations between cross-shift PAH metabolite concentrations and the 2 main tasks performed, holding, and lighting, as well as the association between the air contaminants and PAH metabolite concentrations. The subjects' breathing rate, derived from accelerometry data, was used to calculate the inhaled dose of particulate matter, levoglucosan, and LAC. We found a significant increase in geometric mean (GM) cross-shift metabolite concentration for all six metabolites on burn days and no significant change in GM cross-shift concentration for all six metabolites on non-burn days. 2-Napthol (2-Nap), 2+9-hydroxyfluorene (2+9-Flu), and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene (3-Phen) had the largest GM cross-shift ratios of 2.69, 2.61, and 3.19 respectively on burn days. When stratified by task, subjects that performed lighting had significant increases in the GM cross-shift ratio for all six metabolites (Range: 1.72-3.19), and for those who performed holding, all six metabolites exhibited an increase in GM cross-shift ratio, but none were significant. The burn day exposure data shows that those who performed lighting had a 4.2-fold higher GM LAC absorption coefficient, and a 2.6-fold lower levoglucosan/gravimetric PM2.5 ratio. This pattern of higher LAC with lower relative levoglucosan provides strong evidence that subjects who perform lighting are exposed to much lower levels of wood smoke than those who are holding. It also suggests that the large increase in GM cross-shift metabolite ratio in lighters is most likely due to exposure to the combustion emissions from the drip torch. Since those who performed holding had much higher levels of wood smoke exposure and substantially lower GM cross-shift metabolite ratios, it appears OH-PAH metabolites may not be effective biomarkers of wood smoke exposure in this setting. Strong associations were observed between LAC and 2-Nap, 2+9-Flu, and 3-Phen.
Book Synopsis Long-Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Burn Pits in Iraq and Afghanistan by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Long-Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Burn Pits in Iraq and Afghanistan written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many veterans returning from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have health problems they believe are related to their exposure to the smoke from the burning of waste in open-air "burn pits" on military bases. Particular controversy surrounds the burn pit used to dispose of solid waste at Joint Base Balad in Iraq, which burned up to 200 tons of waste per day in 2007. The Department of Veterans Affairs asked the IOM to form a committee to determine the long-term health effects from exposure to these burn pits. Insufficient evidence prevented the IOM committee from developing firm conclusions. This report, therefore, recommends that, along with more efficient data-gathering methods, a study be conducted that would evaluate the health status of service members from their time of deployment over many years to determine their incidence of chronic diseases.
Book Synopsis Wildland Firefighter Work Task-related Smoke Exposures at Prescribed Burns and Their Effect on Proinflammatory Biomarkers and Urinary Mutagenicity by : Anna Marie Adetona
Download or read book Wildland Firefighter Work Task-related Smoke Exposures at Prescribed Burns and Their Effect on Proinflammatory Biomarkers and Urinary Mutagenicity written by Anna Marie Adetona and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives: 1) To characterize smoke particles on personal air filters, 2) determine differences in smoke particles according to work tasks, 3) estimate inhaled dose of smoke particles using estimated ventilation rate data, 4) assess cross-work shift (before work shift to after work shift) changes in proinflammatory responses according to work tasks, and 5) characterize occupational smoke exposures using urinary mutagenicity among wildland firefighters. Methods: Repeated measures on twelve subjects with the United States Forest Service were collected on prescribed burn and non-burn days during January-July 2015. Personal particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), accelerometer data, and before-, after-, and morning-after- work shift dried blood spots (DBS), blood smears, and urines were collected. Accelerometer measurements were used to estimate ventilation rate and inhaled dose of PM2.5. Light absorbing carbon (LAC) was measured as a surrogate for black carbon (BC) and divided by PM2.5 concentrations to calculate mass absorption efficiencies. DBS were analyzed for inflammatory mediators using the Meso Scale Discovery assay and leukocyte populations were assessed on blood smears. Urine was analyzed for mutagenic potency using the Ames assay and for malondialdehyde (MDA) using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: Firefighters conducting lighting (lighters) had an estimated 1.3 times higher, though not significant, inhaled amount of PM2.5 compared to those managing fire boundaries (holders). Lighters had a three-fold higher exposure to LAC and significant cross-work shift increases in interleukin-8, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A, compared to holders. Positive associations were observed between interleukin-8 and segmented-neutrophil (p=0.0179), and mass absorption efficiency (p=0.0080), respectively. Though not significant, lighters had a two-fold higher cross-work shift increase in crude urinary mutagenicity compared to holders and non-burn day exposures. Positive associations were found between creatinine-adjusted urinary mutagenicity and MDA (p=0.0905), CO (p=0.0459), and mass absorption efficiency (p=0.1333), respectively. Conclusion: Healthy seasonal wildland firefighters conducting lighting at prescribed burns had higher acute proinflammatory responses compared to other tasks. Data suggest that intermittent diesel exposures contribute to acute health responses, while urinary mutagenicity may serve as a suitable measure of integrated occupational smoke exposures of wildland firefighters.
Book Synopsis The Chronic Effects of Occupational Smoke Exposure on Pulmonary Function in Seattle Firefighters by : Nicholas A. Davenport
Download or read book The Chronic Effects of Occupational Smoke Exposure on Pulmonary Function in Seattle Firefighters written by Nicholas A. Davenport and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Smoke Exposure at Western Wildfires by : Timothy E. Reinhardt
Download or read book Smoke Exposure at Western Wildfires written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309679109 Total Pages :271 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (96 download)
Book Synopsis Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 3.7 million U.S. service members have participated in operations taking place in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations since 1990. These operations include the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War, a post-war stabilization period spanning 1992 through September 2001, and the campaigns undertaken in the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks. Deployment to Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Afghanistan exposed service members to a number of airborne hazards, including oil-well fire smoke, emissions from open burn pits, dust and sand suspended in the air, and exhaust from diesel vehicles. The effects of these were compounded by stressors like excessive heat and noise that are inevitable attributes of service in a combat environment. Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations reviews the scientific evidence regarding respiratory health outcomes in veterans of the Southwest Asia conflicts and identifies research that could feasibly be conducted to address outstanding questions and generate answers, newly emerging technologies that could aid in these efforts, and organizations that the Veterans Administration might partner with to accomplish this work.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Occupational Smoke Exposure on Pulmonary Function and Systemic Inflammation in Wildland Firefighters by : Jessica L. Fluck
Download or read book The Effects of Occupational Smoke Exposure on Pulmonary Function and Systemic Inflammation in Wildland Firefighters written by Jessica L. Fluck and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Health Risks and Fair Compensation in the Fire Service by : Tee L. Guidotti
Download or read book Health Risks and Fair Compensation in the Fire Service written by Tee L. Guidotti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an overview of the hazards of firefighting, the health risks of exposure to combustion products that characterize firefighting, the science behind interpreting these risks for purposes of identifying diseases as work-related, and the legal and policy implications of adopting legislated “presumption” for purposes of compensation. The emphasis of the book will be on the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, traumatic hazards, and disabling psychosocial adjustment following major incidents. Several new studies have appeared recently, including the largest study of firefighters ever done, by the National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH). They evidence supports the conclusion that firefighters face significant occupational health risks in addition to the obviously severe safety hazards.
Book Synopsis Gulf War and Health by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Gulf War and Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-28 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third in a series of congressionally mandated reports on Gulf War veterans' health, this volume evaluates the long-term, human health effects associated with exposure to selected environmental agents, pollutants, and synthetic chemical compounds believed to have been present during the Gulf War. The committee specifically evaluated the literature on hydrogen sulfide, combustion products, hydrazine and red fuming nitric acid. Both the epidemiologic and toxicologic literature were reviewed.
Book Synopsis Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-21 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessation in both military and veteran populations. In its 2009 report, Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to prevent tobacco initiation and encourage cessation, both DoD and VA should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs.
Book Synopsis Pulmonary Function Testing Among Fire Fighters (smoke Exposure) by : Jennifer M. Sanders
Download or read book Pulmonary Function Testing Among Fire Fighters (smoke Exposure) written by Jennifer M. Sanders and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Toxicants by : Morton Lippmann
Download or read book Environmental Toxicants written by Morton Lippmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-19 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Updated Reference on Human Exposure to Environmental Toxicants and A Study of Their Impact on Public Health With the 4th edition of Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects, readers have access to up-to-date information on the study and science of environmental toxicology and public health worldwide. Practitioners and professionals can use this resource to understand newly discovered information on the adverse health effects of toxins and pollutants in air, water, and occupational and environmental environments on large human populations. The 4th edition of this book is updated to reflect new knowledge and research on: ● Performing risk assessments on exposed individuals ● Assessing the effects of toxicants and substances on large populations for health and medical professionals ● Patterns of human exposure to select chemical toxicants ● World Trade Center dust, agents for chemical terrorism, and nanoparticles For health professionals, including health authorities, public health officials, physicians, and industrial managers, who are seeking new research and techniques for managing environmental substances, this invaluable reference will guide you through in a thorough, easy- to-read manner.
