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Assimilative Language Policy In Ethiopia And Ethnic Tensions The Case Of The Oromo Language And Ethnic Identity
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Book Synopsis Assimilative language policy in Ethiopia and ethnic tensions. The case of the Oromo language and ethnic identity by : Wasihun S. Gutema
Download or read book Assimilative language policy in Ethiopia and ethnic tensions. The case of the Oromo language and ethnic identity written by Wasihun S. Gutema and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: A-, University of Baltimore, language: English, abstract: The study detailed in this paper digs into the assimilative language policy of Ethiopia and how this language policy is fueling ethnic tensions. The paper elaborates specifically on the Oromo language, hereafter Afaan Oromo, and how the speakers of the language are marginalized so as to be included into the Ethiopian identity, an identity believed to be of civilization, through assimilative language policy. This assimilation countered pluralism or diversity in a brutal way in order to homogenize the diverse Ethiopian population - particularly the largest Ethnic group, the Oromo - into the Ethiopian identity or Ethiopianism. As the Ethiopian identity, an identity emanating from and of the ruling class, the Amhara population and the Amharic language, it was a solid state-building instrument with the power of creating belonging and loyalty to the state. Although this policy of assimilation was seemingly countered by the communist regime soon after the communists came to power in 1974, in essence the communist policy did not deter from the predecessor’s language policy of centralization. The centralization process through the Ethiopian identity-making via language suppression and depriving one of one’s identity seemed to come to an end, once again, in 1991 with the fall of the communist regime and the end of singularity, which is the idea of one nation with one language. Although pluralism is growing, still ethnic tensions are high and accompanied by vast grievances about the past and about how the current regime handles ethnic tensions, language issues especially. The example of Afaan Oromo, a predominately spoken language in Ethiopia, is pertinent, as speakers of the language are deprived of job placement in the federal government and systemic means of marginalizing the language are used.
Book Synopsis Language Policy of Education and National Identity in Ethiopia by : Yirgalem Alemu
Download or read book Language Policy of Education and National Identity in Ethiopia written by Yirgalem Alemu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, , language: English, abstract: This work has attempted to give an overview of how the language policy of the different regimes in Ethiopia has contributed to the sense of national identity. Although language is not the only factor that consolidates or weakens national identity, it plays a significant role. It is with this mine that the book is written. Different language-related policies and documents of the imperial, military and EPRDF regimes were closely investigated. Sections and statements in the policy pertaining to language use were considered as units of analysis. Furthermore, empirical and theoretical literature written in areas of language policy and national identity were consulted. The autoher also included his personal experiences as a university instructor and informal meetings held with people in different walks of life. The evidence obtained from the sources mentioned above reflects that the language policy used in Ethiopia is highly polarized: ranging from one language to all to no language to all. That is, the regimes before EPRDF dictate one language to be used as a tool of communication to all Ethiopians. On the other hand, the EPRDF regime emphasized local language and culture without (practically) giving any room for national communication. Both approaches contribute little to national identity formation. This book recommends that Ethiopians need to learn from other multilingual countries about language planning. Ethnocentric thinking that assumes one’s own language as superior to the other’s language should be avoided. Politicians also need to abstain from politicizing language (identity) and using it as a means of mobilizing support. This book recommends that bilingual/ multilingual education contributes a lot to Ethiopian national identity formation.
Book Synopsis Making Citizens in Africa by : Lahra Smith
Download or read book Making Citizens in Africa written by Lahra Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a study of contemporary politics in Ethiopia through an empirical focus on language policy, citizenship, ethnic identity, and gender. It is unique in its focus not only on the political institutions of Ethiopia and the history of the country but in that it studies these subjects at the intersection of both modern and historical time periods. In particular, it argues that meaningful citizenship, which is much more than the legal state of being a citizen, is a process of citizens and the state negotiating the practice of citizenship. Therefore, it puts the citizen back at the forefront of the process of expanding citizenship, suggesting the ways that citizens support, resist, and affect state policy on political rights.
Book Synopsis Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia by : Moges Yigezu
Download or read book Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia written by Moges Yigezu and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2010 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade and a half, The use of local languages for official purposes, particularly in primary education, has become a pronounced characteristic of Ethiopian education system. The fact that as many as 22 languages have been introduced into the school system since mid 1990s represents a major ideological shift from the previous policies the country had adopted over the course of several centuries. The Ethiopian educational language policy is radical in its scope and unique in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere, and it invites a close examination of its ideological foundation and, even more so, its implementation model. The primary objective of this study was to make a critical appraisal of the implementation of vernacular education in the Harari region and examine the challenges of providing primary education in several Ethiopian and international languages, i.e. English, Amharic, Oromo, Arabic and Harari. The study made a comparative assessment of the use of languages as media of instruction for primary education, and concluded with an appraisal of the relative strengths and weaknesses in the use of each language, from both pedagogical and social perspectives.
Book Synopsis Language Policy in Ethiopia by : Mekonnen Alemu Gebre Yohannes
Download or read book Language Policy in Ethiopia written by Mekonnen Alemu Gebre Yohannes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the interplay and tensions between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic language policy and processes in Tigray, a regional state of Ethiopia, in the period of pre- and post-1991. Viewing language use and language policy as dynamic social and ideological processes, the book presents Ethiopia as an example of language policy creation and implementation over time, in a highly volatile political context. The case of Ethiopia is unique in that different language policies and practices were put in place as the country’s leaders changed through political takeovers. Declared language policies were not always implemented, and those implemented were often protested. The book starts with an overview and review of language policy and planning, followed by a chapter on the history of such planning in Ethiopia. It then presents the methodology used for the study, and examines the appropriation of hegemonic LPP, patterns of resistance, schools and public sites as centers of resistance, and the emergence and development of specific patterns of language use in different regions of the country. The book ends with recommendations for future research, and draws the overall conclusion that since LPP is a dynamic and multilayered contextual process, official or de facto language policy is often undermined by overt or covert unofficial language policies, ideologies, mechanisms, and agents that result in different patterns of language use.
Book Synopsis Psychological Modernity and Attitudes to Social Change in Ethiopian Young Adults by : Habtamu Wondimu
Download or read book Psychological Modernity and Attitudes to Social Change in Ethiopian Young Adults written by Habtamu Wondimu and published by Kit Pub. This book was released on 2001 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the basis of an extensive survey among young students, this study explores the often-neglected issues of ethnic identities, ethnic relations and ethnic conflicts in Ethiopia. Unraveling stereo-types and perceived characteristics of superiority and inferiority reveals some of the psychosocial contributors to such conflicts and inter-ethnic tensions. At the same time, the study makes clear that intermarriages, friendships, united struggles for socio-economic growth and development, and a concern for national unity prevail. The study depicts a multiethnic society where the chances for greater political stability and true national integration are still high if ethnicity is properly handled. The findings will help policy makers and others in their efforts to bring about mutual understanding and more positive relationships and peace among the over sixty ethnic groups in Ethiopia. By investigating the attributes of psychological modernity, this study further helps to identify potential agents of change, thus contributing to the need for change and future development.
Book Synopsis Ethnic Integration and Conflict by : Assefa Tolera
Download or read book Ethnic Integration and Conflict written by Assefa Tolera and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethnic Federalism written by David Turton and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1991, Ethiopia has gone further than any other country in using ethnicity as the fundamental organizing principle of a federal system of government. And yet this pioneering experiment in 'ethnic federalism' has been largely ignored in the growing literature on democratization and ethnicity in Africa and on the accommodation of ethnic diversity in democratic states. Apart from giving close examination to aspects of the Ethiopian case, the book asks why the use of territorial decentralization to accommodate ethnic differences has been generally unpopular in Africa, while it is growing in popularity in the West. The book includes case studies of Nigerian and Indian federalism and suggests how Ethiopia might learn from both the failures and successes of these older federations. In the light of these broader issues and cases, it identifies the main challenges facing Ethiopia over the next few years, as it struggles to bring political practice into line with constitutional theory, and thereby achieve a genuinely federal division of powers. North America: Ohio U Press; Ethiopia: Addis Ababa U Press
Book Synopsis Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia by : Asnake Kefale
Download or read book Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia written by Asnake Kefale and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the impact of the federal restructuring of Ethiopia on ethnic conflicts. The adoption of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia was closely related with the problem of creating a state structure that could be used as instrument of managing the complex ethno-linguistic diversity of the country. Ethiopia is a multinational country with about 85 ethno-linguistic groups and since the 1960s, it suffered from ethno-regional conflicts. The book considers multiple governance and state factors that could explain the difficulties Ethiopian federalism faces to realise its objectives. These include lack of political pluralism and the use of ethnicity as the sole instrument of state organisation. Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia will be of interest to students and scholars of federal studies, ethnic conflict and regionalism.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Ethnicity in Ethiopia by : Lovise Aalen
Download or read book The Politics of Ethnicity in Ethiopia written by Lovise Aalen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethiopia’s unique system of ethnic-based federalism claims to minimise conflict by organising political power along ethnic lines. This empirical study shows that the system eases conflict at some levels but also sharpens inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic divides on the ground.
Book Synopsis Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse by : Asafa Jalata
Download or read book Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse written by Asafa Jalata and published by The Red Sea Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On Results of the Reform in Ethiopia's Language and Education Policies by : Catherine Griefenow-Mewis
Download or read book On Results of the Reform in Ethiopia's Language and Education Policies written by Catherine Griefenow-Mewis and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 2009 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication reflects the results of the Ethiopian education reform as well as the exceptional efforts that multiethnic Ethiopia undertakes in order to cope with the challenges arising from the population explosion. More than 55 per cent of the 77 million Ethiopians are under the age of 18 years. The great social and political changes started in Ethiopia at the beginning of the 1990s have resulted in the substitution of the educational system based on Amharic and English by one which uses a multilingual approach. According to the Ministry of Education 22 out of the 84 languages spoken in Ethiopia are now used as media of instruction in primary schools. The book presents the lectures delivered at the workshop "On the Results of the Reform in Ethiopia's Language and Education Policy" held at Addis Ababa University in April 2006 by Ethiopian education experts and a German research team. Their contribution has facilitated a subsumption into the historical context and has given insight into the analyses of the use of 8 Ethiopian languages in primary schools in different regions of the country.
Book Synopsis Language Policy and Language Practice by : Christine McNab
Download or read book Language Policy and Language Practice written by Christine McNab and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grammatical and Sociolinguistic Aspects of Ethiopian Languages by : Derib Ado
Download or read book Grammatical and Sociolinguistic Aspects of Ethiopian Languages written by Derib Ado and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this unique publication is on Ethiopian languages and linguistics. Not only major languages such as Amharic and Oromo receive attention, but also lesser studied ones like Sezo and Nuer are dealt with. The Gurage languages, that often present a descriptive and sociolinguistic puzzle to researchers, have received ample coverage. And for the first time in the history of Ethiopian linguistics, two chapters are dedicated to descriptive studies of Ethiopian Sign Language, as well as two studies on acoustic phonetics. Topics range over a wide spectrum of issues covering the lexicon, sociolinguistics, socio-cultural aspects and micro-linguistic studies on the phonology, morphology and syntax of Ethiopian languages.
Book Synopsis Being and Becoming Oromo by : Paul Trevor William Baxter
Download or read book Being and Becoming Oromo written by Paul Trevor William Baxter and published by Nordic Africa Institute. This book was released on 1996 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oromo people are one of the most numerous in Africa. Census data are not reliable but there are probably twenty million people whose first language is Oromo and who recognize themselves as Oromo. In the older literature they are often called Galla. Except for a relatively small number of arid land pastoralists who live in Kenya, all homelands lie in Ethiopia, where they probably make up around 40 percent of the total population. Geographically their territories, though they are not always contiguous, extend from the highlands of Ethiopia in the north, to the Ogaden and Somalia in the east, to the Sudan border in the west, and across the Kenyan border to the Tana River in the south.Though different Oromo groups vary considerably in their modes of subsistence and in their local organizations, they share similar cultures and ways of thought.
Book Synopsis Early Childhood Language Education and Literacy Practices in Ethiopia by : Kassahun Weldemariam
Download or read book Early Childhood Language Education and Literacy Practices in Ethiopia written by Kassahun Weldemariam and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-30 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume explores how indigenous knowledges and practices can be instrumental in improving literacy outcomes and teacher development practices in Ethiopia, aiding children’s long-term reading, and learning outcomes. The chapters present research from a collaborative project between Ethiopia and Norway and demonstrate how students can be supported to think pragmatically, learn critically and be in possession of the citizenship skills necessary to thrive in a multilingual world. The authors celebrate multilingualism and bring indigenous traditions such as oracy, storytelling, folktales to the fore revealing their positive impact on educational attainment. Addressing issues of language diversity and systematic ignorance of indigenous literacy practices, the book plays a necessary role in introducing Ethiopia’s cultural heritage to the West and, hence, bridges the cultural gaps between the global north and global south. Arguably contributing one of the first publications on early literacy in Ethiopian languages, this book will appeal to scholars, researchers and postgraduate students studying the fields of early years literacy and language, indigenous knowledge and applied linguistics more broadly.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Politicization of Oromo Identity in the Diaspora by :
Download or read book Understanding the Politicization of Oromo Identity in the Diaspora written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oromo people of Ethiopia share a common language, worldview, set of sacred meanings, and a historic system of governance. The rise of the Abyssinian Empire in the late 1800s led to the colonization of the Oromo; their language and religion were made illegal, their homeland was expropriated and renamed, and they were forced to live as slaves on their own land. After the end of the Abyssinian colonial era, historic discrimination was institutionalized into the new Ethiopian state form through the politicization of identities. Ethnic identities become political identities when cultural traits are used by the state as criteria for a differential allocation of rights. This thesis studies how the identity of the Oromo people (Oromumma) has been shaped over time by economic, political, and cultural dynamics of oppression and resistance, and how it has developed among Oromo in the diaspora. Field observations in Ethiopia and interviews of Oromo immigrants in the U.S. are the basis for the study. This thesis is a unique contribution to research of marginalized Indigenous populations living under a settler colonial state in that it examines the unusual case where both the oppressor and oppressed populations are African. It also makes a contribution to the literature understanding the politicization of Oromumma in Ethiopia and across the diaspora.
