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Assessment Of Titanium Dioxide Films For Photocatalytic Treatment Of Greywater
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Book Synopsis Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Films for Photocatalytic Treatment of Greywater by : Lorena Lopez Vanegas
Download or read book Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Films for Photocatalytic Treatment of Greywater written by Lorena Lopez Vanegas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the need for safe and clean water has increased globally over the years, recycling wastewater has gained great importance not only for economic reasons but to help the environment through the reduction of the contamination load by using recycled water for those final purposes that do not require drinking water quality. In this regard, greywater is seen as one of the most appropriate and promising sources of wastewater with great potential for treatment and reuse as it represents between 60% to 75% of the domestic wastewater daily volume and contains a lower concentration of organic compounds and fewer pathogens when compared to other wastewater sources (Nolde, 2000b, Friedler, 2004, Abu Ghunmi et al., 2011, Eriksson et al., 2002). This project investigated the potential of heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalytic processing for domestic greywater treatment through evaluating the TiO2 photocatalytic activity against methyl orange in the presence of a wide range of individual greywater components. The research was developed in three stages; in stage one the design of highly efficient large-scale TiO2 photocatalytic films was achieved, in stage two the full characterisation of the TiO2 films was done including the evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films towards UV photodegradation of methyl orange (probe species) and in stage three the assessment of large-scale TiO2 films for the photocatalytic treatment of individual greywater components was carried out. A TiO2 sol-gel formulation used for the synthesis of the TiO2 colloidal solution was found to be appropriate for the preparation of large-scale TiO2 films since these showed high photocatalytic response. This was the first time that this formulation was successfully used for the preparation of large-scale TiO2 films even though it has been previously used for coatings on different types of fabrics (Tung and Daoud, 2009, Tung and Daoud, 2011). For the immobilisation of this formulation, a doctor blade coating technique was found to allow for preparation of more efficient TiO2 films than a spray coating technique. Acid frosted soda-lime glass substrate allowed for deposition of continuous and uniform nanostructured anatase films with high photocatalytic activity. The photodegradation of aqueous solution of methyl orange over anatase TiO2 films exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics only during the first catalytic oxidation cycle. Deviations from first order kinetics in subsequent catalytic runs were ascribed to film activation as a result of modifications of the catalyst surface during the initial cycle. These results were the baseline for the assessment of the TiO2 photocatalytic processing for greywater treatment. A detailed study of the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films towards the UV photodegradation of methyl orange in the presence of twenty four different individual greywater components was carried out. Reactions trends were identified for the effect of the tested individual greywater components during the initial cycle of treatment and the effect of their degradation products during a second cycle. It was found that some key components present in greywater have deleterious effects on both catalyst performance and activation while others were found to assist the catalyst and enhanced its activation. However, it was only possible to develop a partial predictive model of the performance of the TiO2 films for real greywater situations because of the complexity of the competing processes involved. Overall, in this study the preparation of highly efficient anatase TiO2 photocatalytic films suitable for wastewater treatment was achieved. Reaction trends for the effects of a wide range of domestic greywater components on the TiO2 catalyst performance and re-use were identified. These findings show that there is more to investigate about the behaviour of the TiO2 catalyst towards individual greywater components before TiO2 photocatalytic processing can be fully understood and assessed for the treatment of complex wastewater streams such as greywater.
Book Synopsis Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis by : Vladimiro Dal Santo
Download or read book Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis written by Vladimiro Dal Santo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-05-27 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the seminal work of Fujishima et al. dates back to 1971, TiO2 still remains the most diffused and studied semiconductor, employed in photo-oxidation processes for cleantech (i.e., polluted water and air treatment), in solar fuel production (mainly hydrogen production by water photo splitting), and in Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) processes by CO2 photoreduction. The eleven articles, among them three reviews, in this book cover recent results and research trends of various aspects of titanium dioxide photocatalysis, with the chief aim of improving the final efficiency of TiO2-based materials. Strategies include doping, metal co-catalyst deposition, and the realization of composites with plasmonic materials, other semiconductors, and graphene. Photocatalysts with high efficiency and selectivity can be also obtained by controlling the precise crystal shape (and homogeneous size) and the organization in superstructures from ultrathin films to hierarchical nanostructures. Finally, the theoretical modeling of TiO2 nanoparticles is discussed and highlighted. The range of topics addressed in this book will stimulate the reader’s interest as well as provide a valuable source of information for researchers in academia and industry.
Book Synopsis ASSESSMENT OF PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF ALUMINUM-SUPPORTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE THIN FILMS PRODUCED BY FLAME ASSISTED CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION. by : ERIC E. POTTER
Download or read book ASSESSMENT OF PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF ALUMINUM-SUPPORTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE THIN FILMS PRODUCED BY FLAME ASSISTED CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION. written by ERIC E. POTTER and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide in Photocatalysis by : It-Meng Low
Download or read book Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide in Photocatalysis written by It-Meng Low and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has drawn considerable attention as an attractive inorganic raw material for various applications due to its inexpensiveness, nontoxic nature, stability, and excellent photocatalytic activity. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising route for sustainable chemistry of the 21st century. It can contribute to solving environmental, global energy, and chemical problems, as well as to the sustainable production of commodities in the near future. This book presents the fundamentals of photocatalysis in nanostructured TiO2 and describes the factors affecting the photocatalytic activity, design, and synthesis of various forms of nanostructured TiO2. It highlights the use of ion-doping and inert-atmosphere annealing to extend the light-absorption range of photocatalysts and reduce recombination between electrons and holes. It discusses numerous applications in the fields of energy and environment, such as water purification, gas sensing, storage and delivery, and energy generation. The book is an invaluable resource and useful guide for a broad readership in various fields of catalysis, materials science, environment, and energy.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Titanium Dioxide as a Photocatalyst for Removing Air Pollutants by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Titanium Dioxide as a Photocatalyst for Removing Air Pollutants written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Titanium Dioxide by : Magdalena Janus
Download or read book Titanium Dioxide written by Magdalena Janus and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide is mainly used as a pigment and photocatalyst. It is possible to find it in food, cosmetics, building materials, electric devices, and others. This book contains chapters about characteristics of anatase and rutile crystallographic structure of titanium dioxide and the use of theoretical calculation for photoactivity determination.
Download or read book Titanium Dioxide written by Dongfang Yang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide is currently being used in many industrial products. It provides unique photocatalytic properties for water splitting and purification, bacterial inactivation, and organics degradation. It has also been widely used as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells and coatings for self-cleaning surfaces, biomedical implants, and nanomedicine. This book covers various aspects of titanium dioxide nanomaterials including their unique one-dimensional, two-dimensional, mesoporous, and hierarchical nanostructures and their synthetic methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, and electrophoretic deposition, as well as its key applications in environmental and energy sectors. Through these 24 chapters written by experts from the international scientific community, readers will have access to a comprehensive overview of the recent research and development findings on the titanium dioxide nanomaterials.
Book Synopsis Application of Titanium Dioxide by : Magdalena Janus
Download or read book Application of Titanium Dioxide written by Magdalena Janus and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide is mainly used as a pigment and photocatalyst. It is possible to find it in food, cosmetics, building materials, electric devices, and others. This book contains chapters about application of titanium dioxide in different branches of economy such as the agriculture, the food industry, the medicine, the cosmetics, the water treatment technologies, and the semiconductors.
Book Synopsis Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Compounds Via Waveguide-supported Titanium Dioxide Films by : Lawrence W. Miller (Jr.)
Download or read book Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Compounds Via Waveguide-supported Titanium Dioxide Films written by Lawrence W. Miller (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Application of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis to Construction Materials by : Yoshihiko Ohama
Download or read book Application of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis to Construction Materials written by Yoshihiko Ohama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide photocatalysis is based on the semiconducting nature of its anatase crystal type. Construction materials with titanium photocatalyst show performances of air purification, self-cleaning, water purification, antibacterial action. This book describes principles of titanium dioxide photocatalysis, its applications to cementitious and noncementitious materials, as well as an overview of standardization of testing methods.
Book Synopsis Immobilized Titanium Dioxide for Emerging Contaminant Removal in Wastewater by : Yasmine Kamal Abdel-Maksoud Abdel-Salam
Download or read book Immobilized Titanium Dioxide for Emerging Contaminant Removal in Wastewater written by Yasmine Kamal Abdel-Maksoud Abdel-Salam and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: There have been rising concerns about emerging contaminants that are not efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants. TiO2 photocatalysis is one of the promising routes for sustainable wastewater treatment. Research on the use of TiO2 photocatalysis for water/wastewater treatment for the removal of persistent non-biodegradable emerging water pollutant is active worldwide. Since the mid-1970s the viability of photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in water using TiO2 was demonstrated. More than 1,000 substances have been degraded using TiO2. Despite the extensive research on photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2, pilot and demonstration plants through the last four decades are still countable. Widespread use of photocatalytic treatment of water and wastewater require the development of an innovative photocatalytic reactor that is efficient, reliable, simple to construct, easy to maintain, has low energy consumption, low capital and operating cost and provides easy separation of catalyst after treatment ends. In an attempt to develop this desired photo-reactor, three photo-reactors were designed and constructed: the slurry water-bell photo-reactor, the immobilized water-bell photo-reactor and the immobilized tray photo-reactor. The slurry water-bell photo-reactor is based on generating a thin water film to allow for solar light penetration for photo-catalyst activation and continuous oxygenation. Recirculating the reaction solution at a high flow rate ensures good mixing and avoids dead zones in the photo-reactor. the reactor performance for degradation of phenol, as a model compound, was evaluated using commercial TiO2. Factors affecting the degradation efficiency were studied including catalyst loading, light intensity, initial pollutant concentration, oxidant addition and exposure time. Dissolved oxygen levels, temperature and pH were monitored through all the conducted tests. The performance of the slurry water-bell was compared with other photo-reactors using two benchmarks: the degradation rate constant and the reactor throughput. The reactor throughput is a function of the treated volume, treatment duration and reactor area footprint, thus it is as a versatile indicator for comparison between reactors of different types and geometries as well as selection of reactor configurations suitable for scale-up and commercialization. TiO2 was immobilized on sand grains for use as dispersed photo-catalyst in the water-bell reactor. Immobilization of TiO2 was conducted by two methods; direct immobilization using sol-gel synthesis and binding with epoxy coating. Photo-catalyst abrasion was encountered. The strong mixing conditions and flow through the recirculating pump resulted in high abrasion of the photo-catalyst off the sand surface. The tray photo-reactor was developed to avoid the high friction of the photo-catalyst particles in the recirculating pump while maintain fulfilling all the other photocatalytic process requirements of light penetration, continuous oxygen supply, and turbulent flow. The immobilized tray photocatalytic reactor uses a fixed-bed of TiO2 supported on sand grains. The reactor maintains a thin water film over the supported TiO2 catalytic bed. TiO2 was immobilized on the sand grains using 3 different immobilization approaches: 1) direct immobilization using the sol gel technique, 2) coating with TiO2/cement grout; and (3) binding with TiO2-epoxy coating. Reactor performance for the degradation of phenol as a model compound was evaluated for the three photo-catalysts. Immobilization of TiO2 on sand particles using epoxy was successful in achieving the highest phenol degradation and resistance to abrasion. The water turbidity remained unchanged indicating photo-catalyst resistance to abrasion even after multiple use of the catalytic bed. Successful operation of the tray photo-reactor in the continuous mode was also achieved. The performance of the immobilized tray photo-reactor was compared with other photo-reactors using three benchmarks: the initial degradation rate, the reactor throughput and turbidity. The immobilized tray photo-reactor is suitable for scale-up and commercialization due to five distinctive features which are: modular design; integrated storage; passive oxygenation; absence of need for UV transmitting components that are susceptible to breakage and optical losses, and simple and cheap components.
Book Synopsis Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by : Mohamed A. Barakat
Download or read book Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles written by Mohamed A. Barakat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this brief, a comprehensive review of the UV/visible-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation process is presented with an insight into the mechanisms involved, the role of titanium dioxide as a catalyst, irradiation sources, types of reactors, and a comparison between various modes of TiO2 application. An overview of the development and enhancement of the activity of TiO2 nanoparticles in photocatalysis is presented. The topics covered include a detailed look at the unique properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles and their relationship to photocatalytic properties. The utilization of the TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalysts, in the non-doped and doped forms is also reviewed. Finally, the use of modified TiO2 nanoparticles has made a significant contribution in providing definitive mechanistic information regarding the visible light photocatalytic processes.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Photocatalytic Linear Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for the Removal of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors from Drinking Water by : Stephanie Leah Gora
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Photocatalytic Linear Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for the Removal of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors from Drinking Water written by Stephanie Leah Gora and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysis has long been touted as a potential drinking water treatment technology but has proven difficult to implement at full scale. This project aimed to address two of the perennial challenges preventing the use of photocatalysis for drinking water treatment: the need to safely remove the photocatalyst from the water after treatment and the danger that incomplete mineralization of contaminants will lead to the formation of intermediate compounds that are more reactive or toxic than their parent compounds. A suite of titanium dioxide-based linear engineered nanomaterials (LENs) was synthesized and compared to standard commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles in terms of filterability, settleability, surface characteristics, crystal phase structure, available surface area, photonic efficiency, and propensity to form hydroxyl radicals. The LENs were also evaluated in terms of their ability to remove disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors from two natural surface water matrices via adsorption and photocatalysis. DBPs, which form when naturally occurring organic precursor compounds interact with chemical disinfectants used in drinking water treatment, are suspected carcinogens and are widely regulated throughout the world. In this study, photocatalysis increased the DBP formation potential of both water matrices at short irradiation times. Longer treatment times resulted in decreased in DBP formation potential. Adsorption removed DBP precursors from the water without transforming them. The surface area and crystal phase structure of the nanomaterials were identified as important drivers of photocatalytic treatment effectiveness and regenerability. Adsorption efficacy was mainly impacted by surface area, agglomeration, and charge interactions. The effects of both adsorption and photocatalysis on DBP formation potential were strongly influenced by the composition of the water matrix being treated. The results of this project have informed the conceptual design of two titanium dioxide-based water treatment processes for DBP precursor removal: a single step photocatalytic system and a two-step adsorption and regeneration system.
Book Synopsis Kinetics of Photocatalytic Degradation Using Titanium Dioxide Films by :
Download or read book Kinetics of Photocatalytic Degradation Using Titanium Dioxide Films written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a semiconductor metal oxide, has been used in heterogeneous photocatalysis for the destruction of organic, inorganic, and biological materials. The chief objectives of my doctoral research are to generate kinetic data and to develop engineering models for photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) using TiO2 thin films for current challenges in "solid"--Solid and air-solid environmental remediation. Three topics are studied in detail: i. TiO2 Photocatalytic Oxidation for Formaldehyde Removal from Air (Air-Solid) Formaldehyde (CH2O) is a toxic air contaminant present in industrial, commercial, and residential buildings. A novel rotating honeycomb adsorbent coupled with a PCO reactor was demonstrated by F. Shiraishi and coworkers for CH2O oxidation. They showed that their cyclic adsorbent D PCO reactor could oxidize CH2O to concentrations below the WHO guideline, but they made no attempt to model the system. In this project we modeled their batch system at transient and steady states. In addition, we applied the batch model kinetic parameters to design a continuous system for typical residential home challenges. ii. TiO2 Photobleaching of Dye Layers as a Field Analysis Method ("Solid"-Solid) Technological advances in the past decade allow glass manufacturers to deposit thin, photoactive, nano-sized TiO2 layers on glass billed as "self-cleaning" surfaces. Field installation of such "self-cleaning" window glass for office buildings or residential homes will require the creation of field analysis methods to characterize the initial and continuing catalyst activity variations with time and environmental conditions. In this project we characterized the PCO properties of commercial Pilkington Activ"!glass by oxidizing deposited organic dyes (a) to show visual decolorization and recovery of the aesthetic clarity of the glass and (b) to determine the light-driven reaction kinetics on Activ"!glass. i.
Book Synopsis Photocatalytic Oxidation of Ethylene Over Thin Films of Titanium Dioxide Supported on Glass Rings by : Akawat Sirisuk
Download or read book Photocatalytic Oxidation of Ethylene Over Thin Films of Titanium Dioxide Supported on Glass Rings written by Akawat Sirisuk and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photocatalytic Treatment Techniques Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Antibiotic Removal from Water by : António Armando Lima
Download or read book Photocatalytic Treatment Techniques Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Antibiotic Removal from Water written by António Armando Lima and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing of emerging micropollutants presence in drinking water sources has brought new challenges to existing water treatment systems (WTS), highlighting the need of innovative and low-cost technological solutions. Recent advances in nanotechnology enable highly efficient and multifunctional processes, providing sustainable alternatives to current water treatment practices. This chapter presents the results of several pilot-scale studies developed to assess the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on antibiotic removal efficiency, using different low-cost photocatalytic reactors. The characterization of its photo-oxidation kinetics also performed considering different test scenarios in order to assess the effects of the major abiotic parameters on oxytetracycline (OTC) removal efficiency, which achieved the maximum values of 96% and 98% using the photocatalysis with TiO2 and the photocatalytic filtration, respectively. It must be highlighted the surprising regeneration ability showed by the photocatalytic porous medium, developed at a lab-scale, which can completely recover its oxidative properties after few hours of simple sun exposure.
Book Synopsis Surface Modifications and Growth of Titanium Dioxide for Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting by : John Alexander
Download or read book Surface Modifications and Growth of Titanium Dioxide for Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting written by John Alexander and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This outstanding thesis provides a wide-ranging overview of the growth of titanium dioxide thin films and its use in photo-electrochemicals such as water splitting. The context for water splitting is introduced with the theory of semiconductor-liquid junctions, which are dealt with in detail. In particular plasmonic enhancement of TiO2 by the addition of gold nanoparticles is considered in depth, including a thorough and critical review of the literature, which discusses the possible mechanisms that may be at work. Plasmonic enhancement is demonstrated with gold nanoparticles on Nb-doped TiO2. Finally, the use of temperature and pressure to control the phase and morphology of thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition is presented.
