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Assessment Of Energy Efficiency Improvement In The United States Petroleum Refining Industry
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Book Synopsis Assessment of Energy Efficiency Improvement in the United States Petroleum Refining Industry by :
Download or read book Assessment of Energy Efficiency Improvement in the United States Petroleum Refining Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adoption of efficient process technologies is an important approach to reducing CO2 emissions, in particular those associated with combustion. In many cases, implementing energy efficiency measures is among the most cost-effective approaches that any refiner can take, improving productivity while reducing emissions. Therefore, careful analysis of the options and costs associated with efficiency measures is required to establish sound carbon policies addressing global climate change, and is the primary focus of LBNL's current petroleum refining sector analysis for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The analysis is aimed at identifying energy efficiency-related measures and developing energy abatement supply curves and CO2 emissions reduction potential for the U.S. refining industry. A refinery model has been developed for this purpose that is a notional aggregation of the U.S. petroleum refining sector. It consists of twelve processing units and account s for the additional energy requirements from steam generation, hydrogen production and water utilities required by each of the twelve processing units. The model is carbon and energy balanced such that crud e oil inputs and major refinery sector outputs (fuels) are benchmarked to 2010 data. Estimates of the current penetration for the identified energy efficiency measures benchmark the energy requirements to those reported in U.S. DOE 2010 data. The remaining energy efficiency potential for each of the measures is estimated and compared to U.S. DOE fuel prices resulting in estimates of cost- effective energy efficiency opportunities for each of the twelve major processes. A combined cost of conserved energy supply curve is also presented along with the CO2 emissions abatement opportunities that exist in the U.S. petroleum refinery sector. Roughly 1,200 PJ per year of primary fuels savings and close to 500 GWh per y ear of electricity savings are potentially cost-effective given U.S. DOE fuel price forecasts. This represents roughly 70 million metric tonnes of CO2 emission reductions assuming 2010 emissions factor for grid electricity. Energy efficiency measures resulting in an additional 400 PJ per year of primary fuels savings and close to 1,700 GWh per year of electricity savings, and an associated 24 million metric tonnes of CO2 emission reductions are not cost-effective given the same assumption with respect to fuel prices and electricity emissions factors. Compared to the modeled energy requirements for the U.S. petroleum refining sector, the cost effective potential represents a 40% reduction in fuel consumption and a 2% reduction in electricity consumption. The non-cost-effective potential represents an additional 13% reduction in fuel consumption and an additional 7% reduction in electricity consumption. The relative energy reduction potentials are mu ch higher for fuel consumption than electricity consumption largely in part because fuel is the primary energy consumption type in the refineries. Moreover, many cost effective fuel savings measures would increase electricity consumption. The model also has the potential to be used to examine the costs and benefits of the other CO2 mitigation options, such as combined heat and power (CHP), carbon capture, and the potential introduction of biomass feedstocks. However, these options are not addressed in this report as this report is focused on developing the modeling methodology and assessing fuels savings measures. These opportunities to further reduce refinery sector CO2 emissions and are recommended for further research and analysis.
Book Synopsis Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities Forpetroleum Refineries by : Ernst Worrell
Download or read book Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities Forpetroleum Refineries written by Ernst Worrell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The petroleum refining industry in the United States is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually any economic sector, including the transport sector and the chemical industry. The industry operates 146 refineries (as of January 2004) around the country, employing over 65,000 employees. The refining industry produces a mix of products with a total value exceeding $151 billion. Refineries spend typically 50 percent of cash operating costs (i.e., excluding capital costs and depreciation) on energy, making energy a major cost factor and also an important opportunity for cost reduction. Energy use is also a major source of emissions in the refinery industry making energy efficiency improvement an attractive opportunity to reduce emissions and operating costs. Voluntary government programs aim to assist industry to improve competitiveness through increased energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. ENERGY STAR (R), a voluntary program managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, stresses the need for strong and strategic corporate energy management programs. ENERGY STAR provides energy management tools and strategies for successful corporate energy management programs. This Energy Guide describes research conducted to support ENERGY STAR and its work with the petroleum refining industry. This research provides information on potential energy efficiency opportunities for petroleum refineries. This Energy Guide introduces energy efficiency opportunities available for petroleum refineries. It begins with descriptions of the trends, structure, and production of the refining industry and the energy used in the refining and conversion processes. Specific energy savings for each energy efficiency measure based on case studies of plants and references to technical literature are provided. If available, typical payback periods are also listed. The Energy Guide draws upon the experiences with energy efficiency measures of petroleum refineries worldwide. The findings suggest that given available resources and technology, there are opportunities to reduce energy consumption cost-effectively in the petroleum refining industry while maintaining the quality of the products manufactured. Further research on the economics of the measures, as well as the applicability of these to individual refineries, is needed to assess the feasibility of implementation of selected technologies at individual plants.
Book Synopsis How the Petroleum Refining Industry Approaches Energy Conservation--a Case Study by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book How the Petroleum Refining Industry Approaches Energy Conservation--a Case Study written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Industrial Energy Use by : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
Download or read book Industrial Energy Use written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Petroleum Refining Industry by : Ernst Worrell
Download or read book Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Petroleum Refining Industry written by Ernst Worrell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information has proven to be an important barrier in industrial energy efficiency improvement. Voluntary government programs aim to assist industry to improve energy efficiency by supplying information on opportunities. ENERGY STAR(R) supports the development of strong strategic corporate energy management programs, by providing energy management information tools and strategies. This paper summarizes ENERGY STAR research conducted to develop an Energy Guide for the Petroleum Refining industry. Petroleum refining in the United States is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually every economic sector, including the transport sector and the chemical industry. Refineries spend typically 50 percent of the cash operating costs (e.g., excluding capital costs and depreciation) on energy, making energy a major cost factor and also an important opportunity for cost reduction. The petroleum refining industry consumes about 3.1 Quads of primary energy, making it the single largest industrial energy user in the UnitedStates. Typically, refineries can economically improve energy efficiencyby 20 percent. The findings suggest that given available resources and technology, there are substantial opportunities to reduce energy consumption cost-effectively in the petroleum refining industry while maintaining the quality of the products manufactured.
Book Synopsis Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation. As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities.
Author :United States Department of Energy. Division of Industrial Energy Conservation Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :252 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Annual Report by : United States Department of Energy. Division of Industrial Energy Conservation
Download or read book Annual Report written by United States Department of Energy. Division of Industrial Energy Conservation and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis America's Energy Future by : National Research Council
Download or read book America's Energy Future written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-15 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For multi-user PDF licensing, please contact customer service. Energy touches our lives in countless ways and its costs are felt when we fill up at the gas pump, pay our home heating bills, and keep businesses both large and small running. There are long-term costs as well: to the environment, as natural resources are depleted and pollution contributes to global climate change, and to national security and independence, as many of the world's current energy sources are increasingly concentrated in geopolitically unstable regions. The country's challenge is to develop an energy portfolio that addresses these concerns while still providing sufficient, affordable energy reserves for the nation. The United States has enormous resources to put behind solutions to this energy challenge; the dilemma is to identify which solutions are the right ones. Before deciding which energy technologies to develop, and on what timeline, we need to understand them better. America's Energy Future analyzes the potential of a wide range of technologies for generation, distribution, and conservation of energy. This book considers technologies to increase energy efficiency, coal-fired power generation, nuclear power, renewable energy, oil and natural gas, and alternative transportation fuels. It offers a detailed assessment of the associated impacts and projected costs of implementing each technology and categorizes them into three time frames for implementation.
Author :United States. Department of Energy. Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Programs Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :94 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Program by : United States. Department of Energy. Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Programs
Download or read book The Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Program written by United States. Department of Energy. Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Programs and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial energy use written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Refinery Engineering by : Ai-Fu Chang
Download or read book Refinery Engineering written by Ai-Fu Chang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering and comprehensive introduction to the complex subject of integrated refinery process simulation, using many of the tools and techniques currently employed in modern refineries. Adopting a systematic and practical approach, the authors include the theory, case studies and hands-on workshops, explaining how to work with real data. As a result, senior-level undergraduate and graduate students, as well as industrial engineers learn how to develop and use the latest computer models for the predictive modeling and optimization of integrated refinery processes. Additional material is available online providing relevant spreadsheets and simulation files for all the models and examples presented in the book.
Download or read book Industrial Energy Efficiency written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Supply Annual written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential for Industrial Energy-Efficiency Improvement in the Long Term by : J. de Beer
Download or read book Potential for Industrial Energy-Efficiency Improvement in the Long Term written by J. de Beer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book does not give a prediction of what the efficiency will be of the energy use of industrial processes in the future. However, it does give an exploration of limits to the efficiency of current processes and an indication of what might be achieved if new technologies can be developed. At the Department of Science, Technology and Society of Utrecht University research had been done to the opportunities for improvement of the energy efficiency in the short term since the 1980's. This had resulted in a comprehensive database on energy efficient measures. This database and a possible application are described in Chapter 3 of this book. The use of the database induced new research themes around efficiency improvement, e.g. concerning barriers for implementation of measures. It was around 1993 that I did a preliminary study to the potential for efficiency improvement in the long term. Historical analysis had shown us that the short term potential stayed constant over the years. It seemed to be replenished by the introduction of new technologies. This lead to the question whether there are limits to the efficiency, taking into account both thermodynamic considerations and ideas on the development and dissemination of new technologies.
Book Synopsis A Comparative Assessment of Resource Efficiency in Petroleum Refining by :
Download or read book A Comparative Assessment of Resource Efficiency in Petroleum Refining written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of increasing environmental and energy security concerns, a detailed understanding of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the petroleum refining industry is critical for fair and equitable energy and environmental policies. To date, this has proved challenging due in part to the complex nature and variability within refineries. In an effort to simplify energy and emissions refinery analysis, we delineated LP modeling results from 60 large refineries from the US and EU into broad categories based on crude density (API gravity) and heavy product (HP) yields. Product-specific efficiencies and process fuel shares derived from this study were incorporated in Argonne National Laboratory's GREET life-cycle model, along with regional upstream GHG intensities of crude, natural gas and electricity specific to the US and EU regions. The modeling results suggest that refineries that process relatively heavier crude inputs and have lower yields of HPs generally have lower energy efficiencies and higher GHG emissions than refineries that run lighter crudes with lower yields of HPs. The former types of refineries tend to utilize energy-intensive units which are significant consumers of utilities (heat and electricity) and hydrogen. Among the three groups of refineries studied, the major difference in the energy intensities is due to the amount of purchased natural gas for utilities and hydrogen, while the sum of refinery feed inputs are generally constant. These results highlight the GHG emissions cost a refiner pays to process deep into the barrel to produce more of the desirable fuels with low carbon to hydrogen ratio.
Book Synopsis Petroleum and Refining Sector: Towards Cost Effective and Sustainable Practices by : Sunil Jayant Kulkarni
Download or read book Petroleum and Refining Sector: Towards Cost Effective and Sustainable Practices written by Sunil Jayant Kulkarni and published by Literatureslight Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-11 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum and refinery industries are facing many challenges like depleting resources, climate change and stringent environmental regulations. Efforts are being taken to increase economy, reduce energy consumption and emissions. Re-refining of oil has potential to increase the economy and reduce environmental footprints. Efficient use of energy with novel techniques for regeneration, co-generation and heat transfer enhancement can reduce the cost and pollution. Many processes in petroleum industries are hazardous, due to properties of the petroleum products and raw materials. This book provides an insight into research and studies on re-refining, enhanced oil recovery, energy efficient, environment friendly and safe practices.
Author :Energy Dept., Energy Information Administration Publisher :Government Printing Office ISBN 13 :9780160934827 Total Pages :260 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (348 download)
Book Synopsis Annual Energy Outlook 2016 With Projections to 2040 by : Energy Dept., Energy Information Administration
Download or read book Annual Energy Outlook 2016 With Projections to 2040 written by Energy Dept., Energy Information Administration and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Annual Energy Outlook 2016 presents long-term projections of energy supply, demand, and prices through 2040. The projections, focused on U.S. energy markets, are based on results from EIA's National Energy Modeling System which enables EIA to make projections under alternative, internally consistent sets of assumptions.
