Assessing The Vulnerability Of Salt Marsh Habitats To Sea Level Rise In California

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Assessing the Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Habitats to Sea-Level Rise in California

Author : Jordan Alexander Rosencranz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing the Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Habitats to Sea-Level Rise in California by : Jordan Alexander Rosencranz

Download or read book Assessing the Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Habitats to Sea-Level Rise in California written by Jordan Alexander Rosencranz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicted sea-level rise (SLR) could have catastrophic impacts on the coastal zone. Salt marshes have evolved under low SLR, but their resilience to higher rates is uncertain. Assessing vulnerabilities of California's salt marshes is a case study of the diversity and scale of problems that land managers will face. The major questions of this study were: 1) Are recent sediment budgets allowing southern California salt marshes to keep pace with SLR; 2) within its current range, how vulnerable are two sub-species of Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus; rails), a low elevation salt marsh specialist, to SLR; and 3) within its current range, how vulnerable are Belding's savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi; sparrows), a high elevation salt marsh specialist, to SLR? To answer the first question, tidal creek sediment fluxes were measured in two sites with different levels of adjacent urbanization. To answer the second and third questions, original and pre-existing wildlife and habitat data were compiled at 17 sites to forecast habitat suitability. Storms and high tides led to sediment import in tidal creeks at Mugu and Seal. While sediment budgets were balanced during the dry study period, Seal's elevation declined, and Mugu's elevation plateaued, suggesting that only Mugu would persist if SLR rate stabilizes. For the Ridgway's Rail study, under a SLR scenario of +166cm/100yr, suitable habitat for the San Francisco Bay Area's (SF) sub-species will increase by 35% at mid-century, and current breeding habitat extent for Southern California's (SC) sub-species will increase by 24%. However, by 2100, SF will lose 84% of suitable habitat and SC will lose 80% of its current habitat extent. Furthermore, six salt marshes will lose over 95% of suitable habitat. Under the same scenario, the current extent of Belding's Savannah sparrow habitat will contract by 61% at mid-century before completely drowning by 2100. Results from the habitat suitability studies indicate that if no major adaptations, such as protecting the shoreline, increasing elevations, restoring marsh drainage, facilitating marsh migration, and restoring sediment delivery, are implemented soon, salt marsh-dependent wildlife in the majority of California coastal zones will be extirpated by 2100 under high SLR scenarios.

Climate Change Impacts to the Tidal Salt Marsh Habitats of San Pablo Bay, California

Author : Karen Maria Thorne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267663191
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (631 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts to the Tidal Salt Marsh Habitats of San Pablo Bay, California by : Karen Maria Thorne

Download or read book Climate Change Impacts to the Tidal Salt Marsh Habitats of San Pablo Bay, California written by Karen Maria Thorne and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of ecosystems to climate change is difficult to evaluate and predict, and often are constrained by anthropogenic modifications to the natural environment. Here, I assess the impacts of sea-level rise and extreme storm events on a tidal salt marsh ecosystem located in San Francisco Bay estuary (California, USA) that contains local endemic and endangered wildlife species. The San Francisco Bay estuary has been heavily impacted from human development resulting in the loss of over 80% of its historic tidal salt marshes. In this dissertation, I hypothesize that there will be short-term impacts from extreme storm events and long-term impacts from sea-level rise on the San Pablo Bay endemic marsh wildlife. The first chapter of this dissertation is a discussion about the current state of understanding about climate change impacts on salt marsh habitats and wildlife, using San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge (SPBNWR) as a case study. The second chapter documents two extreme storm events in 2010 and 2011, and discusses impacts on available marsh habitats. At peak storm surge, over 65% (2010) and 93% (2011) of the marsh habitat for wildlife was under water, presumably increasing predation and drowning risk. In the third chapter, I evaluate if SPBNWR is currently keeping pace with sea-level rise and what biogeomorphic processes may be important. Subsidence and accretion was found to vary spatially, with only 37% of the marsh keeping pace with current sea-level rise rates. Surprisingly, I found widespread subsidence (55%) in areas adjacent to constructed levees. Using Akaike Information Criterion (AICc), I found that the distance from the sediment source (San Pablo Bay edge) was the most important covariate to determine accretion. In the fourth chapter, I develop a spatially-explicit, sea-level rise response model for SPBNWR to assess habitat resiliency to 2100. The model projected a loss of most high marsh habitat by 2050, and a loss of most mid marsh habitat by 2040 to 2060. Low marsh habitat showed a temporary increase in area between 2030 and 2050, with the peak (658 ha) in 2040. A large eastern portion of the marsh or 75% of the area (1,004 ha) converted to predominantly mudflat by 2060 with a 47 cm increase in sea-level. However, an almost complete conversion to mudflat occurred with a 75 cm sea-level rise by 2080, with

Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309255945
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington by : National Research Council

Download or read book Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.

California Salt Marsh Accretion, Ecosystem Services, and Disturbance Responses In the Face of Climate Change

Author : Lauren Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis California Salt Marsh Accretion, Ecosystem Services, and Disturbance Responses In the Face of Climate Change by : Lauren Brown

Download or read book California Salt Marsh Accretion, Ecosystem Services, and Disturbance Responses In the Face of Climate Change written by Lauren Brown and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal salt marsh ecosystems in California are at risk from projected rates of sea-level rise (SLR) of up to an order of magnitude higher than rates seen over the past 6,000 years of stable sea levels (Griggs, Cayan, Tebaldi, Fricker, & rvai, 2017). With rates of this magnitude, salt marsh area, already limited by land use changes in the 19th and 20th centuries, could be completely lost by 2100 (Thorne et al., 2018). To better understand how California salt marshes are adapting to modern acceleration of SLR, over 100 sediment cores were collected from 13 salt marsh sites, ranging from Humboldt Bay to Tijuana River Estuary. Sediment accretion rates over the past several hundred years were measured using radiocesium, radiolead, and radiocarbon dating on 32 cores. Valuation of the carbon storage, an ecosystem service known as blue carbon provided by salt marshes, presents an opportunity to help preserve and restore sites threatened by SLR through carbon credits (Bear, 2017; Callaway, Borgnis, Turner, & Milan, 2012; Mcleod et al., 2011), but there are many questions which much be addressed before this can become a reality for the state of California (Macreadie et al., 2019). A standardized protocol for estimation of carbon content from loss-on-ignition (LOI) was developed with an emphasis on quantifying error and uncertainty in carbon measurements for blue carbon purposes. Using a conversion between soil organic matter and soil organic carbon shown to be effective for California salt marshes, carbon content was estimated through LOI analysis of 61 sediment cores. The impact of climate change in these ecosystems was further explored in the first documented record of a fire in a Pacific coast salt marsh at Mugu Lagoon. California salt marsh sediment accretion averages at 2.93 1.9 mm yr-1, which is lower than average rates from regions such as the US Gulf and East coasts. Rates of accretion and relative SLR (RSLR) show a non-linear relationship with highest accretion occurring at rates of RSLR from 2 - 6 mm yr-1. Linear relationships between SLR and accretion are comparatively weak, but are stronger in the low elevations of salt marsh habitat. Salt marshes in the state annually sequester about 0.08% of state-wide annual greenhouse gas emissions and store about 23% of one year's emissions in their soils (as compared to 2016 emissions). Because of limited area, these habitats will not serve as an effective mitigation strategy at the state level, but loss of this habitat may release up to 27 0.3 Tg stored carbon, potentially valued at about $1.4 billion (using an estimate of $15/tonne CO2 equivalent). Preservation of current habitat through facilitation of sediment accretion will have the largest positive impact on carbon storage and sequestration, as well as protect salt marsh habitat from being lost to SLR. Analysis of the persistent effects of a recent marsh fire at Mugu Lagoon demonstrates that drought-stress may slow California salt marsh response to disturbance by one or more growing seasons and highlights the uncertain impacts of climate change on system function. This dissertation provides important baseline data for salt marsh sediment accretion, salt marsh carbon stocks and sequestrations rates, recommends best practices for use of LOI as a measure of soil organic carbon, and examines ecosystem recovery under multiple stressors. This work can be used in vulnerability assessments, ecosystem models, and valuation of ecosystem services for California salt marshes.

Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Bird Populations to Sea Level Rise

Author : Elizabeth Ann Hunter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Bird Populations to Sea Level Rise by : Elizabeth Ann Hunter

Download or read book Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Bird Populations to Sea Level Rise written by Elizabeth Ann Hunter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea level rise (SLR) poses a substantial threat to many coastal species through inundation and fragmentation of habitat and increases in the frequency and severity of extreme high tides and storms. This dissertation comprises a vulnerability assessment for salt marsh bird species, investigating the exposure, sensitivity, and resilience of species to SLR. In Chapter 2, we found that vertebrate species that relied heavily on salt marshes (as opposed to other landcover types such as forests and freshwater marshes) would be most exposed to changes from SLR, primarily in the form of fragmentation. Given this outcome, we examined sensitivity differences between two salt marsh specialist species: Clapper Rails and Seaside Sparrows (Chapter 3). Although both of these species are salt marsh obligates, we found striking differences in their habitat preferences, which will lead to divergent responses to SLR. Clapper Rails will likely benefit from SLR in the short term; however, Seaside Sparrows will experience drastic declines in their preferred habitats of high elevation, high salinity marshes far from forests. In Chapter 4, we investigated a conservation area planning technique called "conserving nature's stage" (CNS) that could be used to find climate change-resilient habitat for multiple species with differing responses to SLR. We found a strong relationship between environmental and species diversity, and sites chosen by CNS were also resilient to SLR. CNS thus seems to be a viable strategy for conservation site selection in salt marshes, and potentially other areas where SLR will affect environmental features. In Chapter 5, we investigated another aspect of Seaside Sparrow ecology: how their nest site selection is affected by a trade-off to avoid threats of predation and tidal inundation. We found that sparrows dealt with this trade-off by altering their habitat selection behaviors in relation to a threat's predictability. Using an individual-based model (Chapter 6), we found that such behaviors may increase the species' resiliency to SLR, but nest success rates could become very low under extreme SLR scenarios.

The Ecology of Southern California Coastal Salt Marshes

Author : Joy B. Zedler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Southern California Coastal Salt Marshes by : Joy B. Zedler

Download or read book The Ecology of Southern California Coastal Salt Marshes written by Joy B. Zedler and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of Sea Level Rise on Decomposers in a Restored Coastal Salt Marsh

Author : Nathan K. McLain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321936193
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (361 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Sea Level Rise on Decomposers in a Restored Coastal Salt Marsh by : Nathan K. McLain

Download or read book Effects of Sea Level Rise on Decomposers in a Restored Coastal Salt Marsh written by Nathan K. McLain and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Many southern California coastal salt marshes are urbanized and heavily impacted, but still provide important ecosystem services, including carbon and nutrient cycling. Salt marsh community structure and functions, such as decomposition, are essential for marsh ecosystems and are potentially vulnerable to inundation impacts created by sea level rise (SLR). The saltmarsh communities driving decomposition are comprised of invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria, which may be susceptible to SLR. In this project, inundation of saltmarsh sediments with associated plants and rhizosphere were manipulated using a marsh organ to assess the impacts of SLR on decomposer activity (leaf litter decay, anaerobic respiration) and community structure (bacterial and benthic invertebrate). Marsh organ samples across all inundation treatments showed altered decomposer community diversity and function compared to controls, indicating disturbance. However in some cases there were no significant differences between communities among SLR treatments. However, inundation effects may have been obscured by marsh organ artifacts.

The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate

Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781009157971
Total Pages : 755 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Coastal Squeeze of Vegetation Zones in the Los Cerritos Wetlands

Author : Jeff A. Cope
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321553338
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (533 download)

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Book Synopsis Coastal Squeeze of Vegetation Zones in the Los Cerritos Wetlands by : Jeff A. Cope

Download or read book Coastal Squeeze of Vegetation Zones in the Los Cerritos Wetlands written by Jeff A. Cope and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This project assesses the elevation of several vegetation zones of the Los Cerritos Wetlands in Southern California to determine the possible effects of sea level rise on the salt marsh vegetation, the foundation of coastal salt marsh ecology. Steamshovel Sough in the Los Cerritos Wetland contains ideal habitat for the project. This coastal salt marsh is unique in that it abuts artificial elevation gradients of urban development on all sides. The confined nature of the wetland restricts its ability to adjust to future sea levels, a process known as coastal squeeze, which calls the sustainability of this scarce ecosystem into question. In-situ surveying of indicator species Parrish's Glasswort and Pacific Cordgrass (Arthrocnemum subterminale and Spartina foliosa) revealed the habitat elevations above sea level. Modelling various sea level rise scenarios using the habitat ranges determined through in-site surveying reveal expected future habitat zones. Los Cerritos Wetland has a notable susceptibility to sea level rise because of topographic convolutions created by local urban development. One and two foot sea level rise scenarios project substantial zone shifts resulting in pronounced winners and losers. The results here highlight the delicacy of the marsh and its intimate relationship to sea level, and hold a powerful utility to restoration project managers seeking to create a salt marsh that reflects the natural distribution of various habitats and which possesses longevity in the face of the changing environment.

Decomposer Community Response to Sea Level Rise in a California Salt Marsh

Author : Ellie Jo Wenger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781085558167
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (581 download)

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Book Synopsis Decomposer Community Response to Sea Level Rise in a California Salt Marsh by : Ellie Jo Wenger

Download or read book Decomposer Community Response to Sea Level Rise in a California Salt Marsh written by Ellie Jo Wenger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Salt marshes are highly productive ecosystems which perform many valuable services including carbon sequestration, nutrient transformation, and mitigation of rough waters generated by storms. Coastal salt marshes currently face threats resulting from global climate change, including sea level rise (SLR). Coastal marshes have kept pace with historical SLR through elevation gain via sediment precipitation from tidal waters. In the coming century, sea level is expected to increase 5x-8x faster than the previous century. Since the rate of sedimentation is unlikely to increase with SLR, marshes are in danger of habitat loss via drowning and subsidence. The decomposing organisms in salt marsh sediments are essential to maintaining marsh plant health. The response of decomposing organisms to longer periods of inundation is unclear. To determine how the prokaryote and invertebrate communities may change in response to SLR, mesocosms were designed, which simulated different inundation intensities within the marsh. A gradient developed over the 10-month sampling period in which the most inundated sediments had significantly different communities than the driest sediments. The high inundation treatments were dominated by anaerobic prokaryotes and insect larvae, and sulfate reduction was the predominant decomposition processes. The ambient mesocosms (driest sediments) were dominated by aerobic prokaryotes and oligochaete worms. Aerobic processes such as leaf litter decay became the key decomposition processes in these sediments.

Aligning Salt Marsh Conservation and Hazard Mitigation Objectives in a Changing Climate

Author : Christine C. Shepard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Aligning Salt Marsh Conservation and Hazard Mitigation Objectives in a Changing Climate by : Christine C. Shepard

Download or read book Aligning Salt Marsh Conservation and Hazard Mitigation Objectives in a Changing Climate written by Christine C. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Decadal Changes in Salt Marsh Succession and Assessing Salt Marsh Vulnerability Using High Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery

Author : Sarah Goldsmith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Decadal Changes in Salt Marsh Succession and Assessing Salt Marsh Vulnerability Using High Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery by : Sarah Goldsmith

Download or read book Decadal Changes in Salt Marsh Succession and Assessing Salt Marsh Vulnerability Using High Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery written by Sarah Goldsmith and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Change in the coastal zone is accelerating with external forcing by sea-level rise, nutrient loading, drought and over-harvest is impacting salt marshes. Understanding marsh resilience, including recovery from coastal storms and detection of stress, is essential for conservation and prediction of ecosystem services. The ‘chronosequence approach’ of predicting future state change by examining ecosystem structure and function in existing ecosystems of different ages is a powerful tool, but assumes that the past mimics the future, and time is the dominant driver of change. This approach was evaluated by replicating a 1995 salt marsh chronosequence study in back-barrier marshes ranging from 4 to >170 yr old on Hog Island, Virginia. Physico-chemical properties, such as porewater redox potential and sediment organic matter and nutrients, followed predictable age-related patterns. However, invertebrate abundance, plant biomass, and sediment grain size instead seemed to respond to sea level rise and stochastic die-off and sand deposition. Thus, while time drives the intrinsic evolution of some physico-chemical components, extrinsic drivers exert a strong influence on key biotic-abiotic feedbacks. Exacerbation of external forcing may push the trajectory of marsh succession away from a predictable trajectory, limiting ecosystem services. This rapid evolution of marsh state makes the ability to detect stressors prior to marsh collapse important. Hyperspectral imagery of plants was collected in marshes of varying age/stressor characteristics, including salinity, sediment redox potential and nitrogen availability, and in the greenhouse, where environmental conditions were manipulated. Models developed to stressors based on plant spectral response were useful for salinity and nitrogen within the greenhouse or within the field, but were not transferable from lab to field. This study is an important step towards development of a remote sensing tool for tracking of ecosystem development, marsh health, and future ecosystem services."--Abstract.

Ecosystems of California

Author : Harold Mooney
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520278801
Total Pages : 1008 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecosystems of California by : Harold Mooney

Download or read book Ecosystems of California written by Harold Mooney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for CaliforniaÕs remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem typeÑits distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of CaliforniaÕs ecological patterns and the history of the stateÕs various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the stateÕs ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of CaliforniaÕs environment and curious naturalists.

Human Impacts on Salt Marshes

Author : Brian R. Silliman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520258924
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Impacts on Salt Marshes by : Brian R. Silliman

Download or read book Human Impacts on Salt Marshes written by Brian R. Silliman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-06-03 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Impacts on Salt Marshes provides an excellent global synthesis of an important, underappreciated environmental problem and suggests solutions to the diverse threats affecting salt marshes."—Peter B. Moyle, University of California, Davis

Suisun Marsh

Author : Peter B. Moyle
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520276086
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Suisun Marsh by : Peter B. Moyle

Download or read book Suisun Marsh written by Peter B. Moyle and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014-03-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of California's most remarkable wetlands, Suisun Marsh is the largest tidal marsh on the West Coast and a major feature of the San Francisco Estuary. This productive and unique habitat supports endemic species, is a nursery for native fishes, and is a vital link for migratory waterfowl. The 6,000-year-old marsh has been affected by human activity, and humans will continue to have significant impacts on the marsh as the sea level rises and cultural values shift in the century ahead. This study includes in-depth information about the ecological and human history of Suisun Marsh, its abiotic and biotic characteristics, agents of ecological change, and alternative futures facing this ecosystem.

Saltmarsh Ecology

Author : Paul Adam
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521448239
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis Saltmarsh Ecology by : Paul Adam

Download or read book Saltmarsh Ecology written by Paul Adam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-07-08 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad introduction to the ecology of the unique environment of the saltmarsh.

Cross-scale Simulations

Author : Mirtha Karinna Nunez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Cross-scale Simulations by : Mirtha Karinna Nunez

Download or read book Cross-scale Simulations written by Mirtha Karinna Nunez and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a universal consensus that global sea levels will rise at an increased rate from those in the recent past. Rising seas will dramatically increase the vulnerability of coastal communities and ecosystems. Tidal marshes are considered to be among the most valuable and vulnerable ecosystems in the world. The effects of sea-level rise (SLR) on tidal marshes are diverse, comprising changes in tidal amplitude and flow patterns, changes in sediment transport, shoreline erosion, changes in salinity gradients, landward migration of tidal habitats, variations in species composition, and habitat loss. There is an increasing concern over how accelerated rates of SLR will impact tidal marsh ecosystems. Many marshes will likely cross thresholds and experience significant and irreversible changes, such as marsh fragmentation and total disintegration due to erosion or drowning. The response of marshes to SLR is expected to vary based on different geomorphic settings, hydrodynamics, sediment sources, and anthropogenic stressors. Due to the increased need to assess tidal marsh vulnerability in the light of changing environments, different models have been developed to predict marsh spatial extent and future distribution. Current models are constrained by the limitations of the two modeling approaches: landscape-scale models and site-specific models. Despite the progress in evaluating marsh response under the effect of SLR, significant challenges still remain in simulating cross-scale processes related to marsh establishment and persistence. This dissertation presents a new approach to modeling marsh evolution. The Tidal Marsh Model (TMM) has been developed as a module within the SCHISM framework (Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model). The TMM has unique features (e.g. dynamic rates, cross-scale simulations, and incorporation of anthropogenic stressors) that allow it to overcome many limitations that current marsh models possess. The study areas considered in this study (Carter Creek and Taskinas Creek, Virginia, USA) are representatives of other marsh systems found throughout the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. Marshes in these areas are associated with different geomorphic settings, hydrodynamics, and anthropogenic stressors. These study sites were the focus for model development and calibration, model upgrade, and applications. The TMM simulates marsh migration under the joint influence of tides, wind waves, sediment transport, shoreline structures, land use, and precipitation. The evaluation of model performance was conducted via hindacat (past 40 years). Marsh change was captured with an accuracy of 81% in Carter Creek, and an accuracy of 78% in Taskinas Creek. To refine the initial version of the model, a vegetation algorithm was developed within the TMM code, which accounts for the effects of vegetation on the nearshore hydrodynamics. This new functionality contributes to an improved understanding of how marsh plants affect the mean flow velocity and turbulence, and consequently, the sedimentation processes. The TMM was applied in the two study areas to forecast the potential impacts of SLR on marsh sustainability. Using two SLR scenarios, changes in marsh extent and distribution were projected over the next 50 years. Model outputs offer detailed information about potential areas of marsh loss, as well as identify lands where marshes might have the opportunity to transgress and persist under the effect of SLR. This innovative approach provides coastal managers and decision-makers with valuable and necessary information for monitoring activities, restoration, and strategic planning to support marsh sustainability in a changing system.