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Artificial Imprinting And Smoltification In Juvenile Kokanee Salmon Implications For Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon Hatcheries
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Book Synopsis Artificial Imprinting and Smoltification in Juvenile Kokanee Salmon: Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon Hatcheries by : United States. Bonneville Power Administration
Download or read book Artificial Imprinting and Smoltification in Juvenile Kokanee Salmon: Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon Hatcheries written by United States. Bonneville Power Administration and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Monitoring Program ; Artificial Imprinting and Smoltification in Juvenile Kokanee Salmon Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon Hatcheries ; 1994 Supplement Report by :
Download or read book Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Monitoring Program ; Artificial Imprinting and Smoltification in Juvenile Kokanee Salmon Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon Hatcheries ; 1994 Supplement Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the kokanee salmon hatcheries on Lake Roosevelt, constructed as partial mitigation for effects from Grand Coulee Dam, adult returns have been poor. The reason may be in the imprinting or in the smoltification. A study was initiated in 1992 to determine if there was a critical period for thyroxine induced alfactory imprinting in kokanee salmon; experiments were conducted on imprinting to morpholine and phenethyl alcohol. Other results showed that chemical imprinting coincided with elevated thyroxine levels in 1991 kokanee exposed to synthetic chemicals in 1992. In this report, imprinting experiments were repeated; results showed that imprinting occurred concomitant with elevated thyroxine levels in 1991 kokanee exposed to synthetic chemicals in 1992 and tested in 1994 as age 3 spawners. Imprinting also occurred at the same time as thyroxine peaks in 1992 kokanee exposed to synthetic chemicals in 1993 and tested as age 2 spawners. In both groups fish that had the highest whole body thyroxine content (swimup stage) also had the highest percentage of fish that were attracted to their exposure odor in behavioral tests. So, kokanee salmon imprinted to chemical cues during two sensitive periods during development, at the alevin/swimup and smolt stages. A field test was conducted in Lake Roosevelt on coded wire tagged fish. Smoltification experiments were conducted from 1992 to 1994. Recommendations are made for the Lake Roosevelt kokanee hatcheries.
Book Synopsis American River Pump Station Project by :
Download or read book American River Pump Station Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Senses of Fish by : Gerhard von der Emde
Download or read book The Senses of Fish written by Gerhard von der Emde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish comprise more than 50% of all living vertebrates and are found in a wide range of highly diverse habitats like the deep sea, the shoreline, tide pools, tropical streams and sweetwater ponds. During evolution, the senses of fish have adapted to the physical conditions of the environment in which different species live. As a result, the senses of fish exhibit a remarkable diversity that allows different species to deal with the physical constraints imposed by their habitat. In addition, fish have evolved several `new' sensory systems that are unique to the aquatic environment. In this book, examples of adaptation and refinement are given for six sensory systems: The visual system, The auditory system, The olfactory system, The mechanosensory lateral line system, The taste system, The electrosensory system. In each case, the environmental conditions under which a particular group of fish lives are analyzed. This is followed by a description of morphology and physiology of the sensory system and by an evaluation of its perceptional capabilities. Finally, the sensory adaptations to the particular conditions that prevail in the habitat of a species are highlighted. The various examples from different groups of fish presented in this book demonstrate the impressive capability of fish sensory systems to effectively overcome physical problems imposed by the environment.
Download or read book Northwest Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of Experimental Biology by :
Download or read book Journal of Experimental Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thyroid-induced Chemical Imprinting in Early Life Stages and Assessment of Smoltification in Kokanee Salmon: Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon Hatcheries by : Mary Beth Tilson
Download or read book Thyroid-induced Chemical Imprinting in Early Life Stages and Assessment of Smoltification in Kokanee Salmon: Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon Hatcheries written by Mary Beth Tilson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Orientation and Navigation in Vertebrates by : Andrii Rozhok
Download or read book Orientation and Navigation in Vertebrates written by Andrii Rozhok and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews all major models and hypotheses concerning the mechanisms supposed to underlie the process of navigation in vertebrates. It covers data on all major model groups of vertebrates studied in the context of animal navigation, such as migratory birds, homing pigeons, sea turtles, subterranean mammals and some migratory fish species. Some other – less studied – groups, e.g., whales, have also been touched. The first part of the book describes different sources of navigational information, with their specific navigational mechanisms known or supposed to be employed by animals for navigational goals. The second part discusses possible functions of these mechanisms in different vertebrates and in the context of different navigational tasks, ranging from short-range navigation, often performed by animals within as small an area as several square meters, to long-distance global-scale migrations performed by many birds and some sea turtles during their lifespan.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-12 with total page 1578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Thyroxine Concentration as an Indicator of the Critical Period for Imprinting in Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) by :
Download or read book Measurement of Thyroxine Concentration as an Indicator of the Critical Period for Imprinting in Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Artificial Imprinting of Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) with Synthetic Chemicals by : Allan T. Scholz
Download or read book Artificial Imprinting of Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) with Synthetic Chemicals written by Allan T. Scholz and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Monitoring Program ; Measurement of Thyroxin Concentration as an Indicator of the Critical Period for Imprinting in the Kokanee Salmon (Orcorhynchus Nerka) Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Hatcheries ; 1991 Supplement Report by :
Download or read book Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Monitoring Program ; Measurement of Thyroxin Concentration as an Indicator of the Critical Period for Imprinting in the Kokanee Salmon (Orcorhynchus Nerka) Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Hatcheries ; 1991 Supplement Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous investigations have determined that thyroid hormone surges activate olfactory imprinting in anadromous salmonid smolts. The mechanism of action appears to require binding of thyroid hormones to receptors in brain cell nuclei, which stimulates neuron differentiation and wires a pattern of neuron circuitry that allows for the permanent storage of the imprinted olfactory memory. In this study, thyroxine concentrations [T4] were measured in 487 Lake Whatcom stock and 70 Lake Roosevelt stock Kokanee salmon to indicate the critical period for imprinting. Eggs, alevins and fry, reared at the Spokane Indian Kokanee Hatchery, were collected from January through August 1991. Sampled fish were flash frozen on dry ice and stored at -80°C until T4 was extracted and concentrations determined by radioimmunassay. Mean concentration " SEM of 10--20 individual fish (assayed in duplicate) were determined for each time period. T4 concentration peaked on the day of hatch at 16.8 ng/g body weight and again at swim-up at 16.0 " 4.7 ng/g body weight. T4 concentration was 12.5 to 12.9 ng/g body weight in eggs, 7.1 to 15.2 ng/g body weight in. alevins, 4.5 to 11.4 ng/g body weight in 42 to 105 day old fry and 0.1 to 2.9 ng/g body weight in 112 to 185 day old fry. T4 concentrations were highest in eggs at 13.3 " 2.8 ng/g body weight, then steadily decreased to 0.1 " 0.1 ng/g body weight in older fry. Fry were released in Lake Roosevelt tributaries in July and August 1991, at about 170--180 days post hatching, in order to imprint them to those sites. The results of this study indicate that the time of release was not appropriate for imprinting. If T4 levels are an accurate guide for imprinting in kokanee, our results suggest that the critical period for imprinting in kokanee is at hatching or swim-up stages.
Book Synopsis Smolt Transformation in Kokanee Salmon, Oncorhynchus Nerka Kennerlyi Suckley by : Mary Beth Tilson
Download or read book Smolt Transformation in Kokanee Salmon, Oncorhynchus Nerka Kennerlyi Suckley written by Mary Beth Tilson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 1991, two kokanee salmon hatcheries were built on Lake Roosevelt to mitigate for the loss of anadromous salmon due to construction of Grand Coulee Dam. Fish are released into Lake Roosevelt as 7-8 month old fry. To monitor hatchery effectiveness, kokanee salmon were tested for a variety of physiological, behavioral and morphological attributes to determine if they went through smelt transformation similar to other anadromous salmonid species. This would help in determining if fish were emmigrating out of Lake Roosevelt and over Grand Coulee Dam at some point after stocking. Yearling fish,12-19 months old, retained at the Spokane Tribal Hatchery were tested at monthly intervals for plasma thyroxine, gill Na-K+ ATPase activity, condition factor, silvering, salinity tolerance, salinity preference and downstream migratory behavior. Results indicated a significant peak in plasma thyroxine in February and a smaller peak in April. Basal levels of thyroxine were 11.0 ng/ml compared to 15.2 ng/ml at peak. Gill ATPase increased from 5.1 [micro]mol P[subscript]i mg Protein−1 h−1 in January to 13.7 [micro]moI P[subscript]i mg Protein−1 h−1 in April, and condition factor decreased from 1.3 to 0.82 at this time. Silvering started to increase in February and continued through the spring. Blood plasma osmolarity of fish held in 0, 1 0, and 20 ppt stayed around isosmotic levels (330 mOsm/l), but the osmolarity of fish held in 30 ppt were significantly higher than fish held in freshwater, and osmolarity remained elevated from January through April, ( -569 mOsm/l) then decreased in May to near isosmotic levels (344 mOsm/l). In salinity tolerance tests, 100% of the fish survived in 0, 10, and 20 ppt salt water during all months tested (January- July). In 30 ppt salt water, 0% of the fish survived from January through April compared to 90-100% survival from May through July. Kokanee exhibited no preference to dilute salt water during the study period. Fish showed a slight preference to concentrated sea water in February (53%), but during March, April and May, fish exhibited an avoidance to salt water (43, 49, and 41% preference). In June, fish showed a strong avoidance to salt water (23% preference). Fish showed an increase in downsteam migratory behavior in March (66%) and again in May (65%). It appeared that kokanee underwent at least partial smelt transformation compared to other species of anadromous salmonids. These kokanee experienced thyroxine peaks, increased silvering, increased downstream migratory behavior and an increase in salt water adaptation at certain times of the year. If fish released from the hatchery as 7-8 month old fry experience similar transitions in Lake Roosevelt when they are 12-19 months old, these conditions may contribute to emmigration and entrainment through Grand Coulee Dam, and loss of the fish from Lake Roosevelt"--Document.
Book Synopsis Imprinting Juvenile Salmon to Increase Experimental Hatchery Returns by : U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Download or read book Imprinting Juvenile Salmon to Increase Experimental Hatchery Returns written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis "Research to Improve the Efficacy of Captive Broodstock Programs and Advance Hatchery Reform Throughout the Columbia River Basin." [from the Abstract], 2008-2009 Progress Report by :
Download or read book "Research to Improve the Efficacy of Captive Broodstock Programs and Advance Hatchery Reform Throughout the Columbia River Basin." [from the Abstract], 2008-2009 Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was developed to conduct research to improve the efficacy of captive broodstock programs and advance hatchery reform throughout the Columbia River Basin. The project has three objectives: (1) maintain adaptive life history characteristics in Chinook salmon, (2) improve imprinting in juvenile sockeye salmon, and (3) match wild phenotypes in Chinook and sockeye salmon reared in hatcheries. A summary of the results are as follows: Objective 1: The ratio of jack to adult male Chinook salmon were varied in experimental breeding populations to test the hypothesis that reproductive success of the two male phenotypes would vary with their relative frequency in the population. Adult Chinook salmon males nearly always obtained primary access to nesting females and were first to enter the nest at the time of spawning. Jack male spawning occurred primarily by establishing satellite positions downstream of the courting pair, and 'sneaking' into the nest at the time of spawning. Male dominance hierarchies were fairly stable and strongly correlated with the order of nest entry at the time of spawning. Observed participation in spawning events and adult-to-fry reproductive success of jack and adult males was consistent with a negative frequency-dependent selection model. Overall, jack males sired an average of 21% of the offspring produced across a range of jack male frequencies. Implications of these and additional findings on Chinook salmon hatchery broodstock management will be presented in the FY 2009 Annual Report. Objective 2: To determine the critical period(s) for imprinting for sockeye salmon, juvenile salmon were exposed to known odorants at key developmental stages. Molecular assessments of imprinting-induced changes in odorant receptor gene expression indicated that regulation of odorant expression is influenced by developmental status and odor exposure history. Expression levels of basic amino acid receptor (BAAR) mRNA in the olfactory epithelium increased dramatically during final maturation in both Stanley Basin and Okanogan River sockeye. These increases appeared to be independent of odor exposure history, rising significantly in both arginine-naive and arginine-exposed fish. However, sockeye exposed to arginine during smolting demonstrated a larger increase in BAAR mRNA than arginine-naive fish. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that odorant receptors sensitive to home stream waters may be upregulated at the time of the homing migration and may afford opportunities to exploit this system to experimentally characterize imprinting success and ultimately identify hatchery practices that will minimize straying of artificially produced salmonids. Additional analysis of Sockeye salmon imprinting and further implications of these findings will be presented in the FY 2009 Annual Report. Objective 3: Photoperiod at emergence and ration after ponding were varied in Yakima River spring Chinook salmon to test the hypothesis that seasonal timing of emergence and growth during early stages of development alter seasonal timing of smoltification and age of male maturation. Fish reared under conditions to advance fry emergence and accelerate growth had the greatest variation in seasonal timing of smolting (fall, spring and summer) and highest rates of early male maturation with most males maturing at age 1 (35-40%). In contrast, fish with delayed emergence and slow growth had the least variation in phenotypes with most fish smolting as yearlings in the spring and no age-1 male maturation. Growth (not emergence timing) altered rates of age-2 male maturation. Results of this study demonstrate that altering fry development, as is often done in hatcheries, can profoundly affect later life history transitions and the range of phenotypes within a spring Chinook salmon population. Additional work in the next funding period will determine if these rearing regimes affected other aspects of smolt quality, which may affect ultimate survival upon ocean entry.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Migration in Fishes by : James D. McCleave
Download or read book Mechanisms of Migration in Fishes written by James D. McCleave and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last major synthesis of our knowledge of fish migration and the underlying transport and guidance phenomena, both physical and biological, was "Fish Migration" published 16 years ago by F.R. Harden Jones (1968). That synthesis was based largely upon what could be gleaned by classical fishery-biology techni.ques, such as tagging and recapture studies, commercial fishing statistics, and netting and trapping studies. Despite the fact that Harden Jones also provided, with a good deal of thought and speculation, a theoretical basis for studying the various aspects of fish migration and migratory orientation, progress in this field has been, with a few excepti.ons, piecemeal and more disjointed than might have been expected. Thus we welcomed the approach from the NATO Marine Sciences Programme Panel and the encouragement from F.R. Harden Jones to develop a proprosal for, and ultimately to organize, a NATO Advanced Research Institute (ARI) on mechanisms of fish migration. Substantial progress had been made with descriptive, analytical and predictive approaches to fish migration since the appearance of "Fish ~ligration." Both because of the progress and the often conflicting results of research, we felt that the time was again right and the effort justified to synthesize and to critically assess our knowledge. Our ultimate aim was to identify the gains and shortcomings and to develop testable hypotheses for the next decade or two.
