Articles of Agreement 2020

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Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513521241
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Articles of Agreement 2020 by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book Articles of Agreement 2020 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund were adopted at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (Bretton Woods, New Hampshire) on July 22, 1944. They were originally accepted by 29 countries and since then have been signed and ratified by a total of 189 Member countries. As the charter of the organization, the Articles lay out the Fund’s purposes, which include the promotion of “international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems”. The Articles also establish the mandate of the Organization and its members’ rights and obligations, its governance structure and roles of its organs, and lays out various rules of operations including those related to the conduct of its operations and transactions regarding the Special Drawing Rights. The key functions of the IMF are the surveillance of the international monetary system and the monitoring of members’ economic and financial policies, the provision of Fund resources to member countries in need, and the delivery of technical assistance and financial services. Since their adoption in 1944, the Articles of Agreement have been amended seven times, with the latest amendment adopted on December 15, 2010 (effective January 26, 2016). The Articles are complemented by the By-laws of the Fund adopted by the Board of Governors, themselves being supplemented by the Rules and Regulations adopted by the Executive Board.

Articles of agreement of the International Monetary Fund

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Articles of agreement of the International Monetary Fund by : Fondo Monetario Internacional

Download or read book Articles of agreement of the International Monetary Fund written by Fondo Monetario Internacional and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund written by International Monetary Fund and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Doing Business 2020

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464814414
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Doing Business 2020 by : World Bank

Download or read book Doing Business 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.

Model Rules of Professional Conduct

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Publisher : American Bar Association
ISBN 13 : 9781590318737
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Model Rules of Professional Conduct by : American Bar Association. House of Delegates

Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

Agree to Agree

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Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961102147
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis Agree to Agree by : Peter W. Smith

Download or read book Agree to Agree written by Peter W. Smith and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2020 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agreement is a pervasive phenomenon across natural languages. Depending on one’s definition of what constitutes agreement, it is either found in virtually every natural language that we know of, or it is at least found in a great many. Either way, it seems to be a core part of the system that underpins our syntactic knowledge. Since the introduction of the operation of Agree in Chomsky (2000), agreement phenomena and the mechanism that underlies agreement have garnered a lot of attention in the Minimalist literature and have received different theoretical treatments at different stages. Since then, many different phenomena involving dependencies between elements in syntax, including movement or not, have been accounted for using Agree. The mechanism of Agree thus provides a powerful tool to model dependencies between syntactic elements far beyond φ-feature agreement. The articles collected in this volume further explore these topics and contribute to the ongoing debates surrounding agreement. The authors gathered in this book are internationally reknown experts in the field of Agreement.

Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book by :

Download or read book Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Arbitrating under the 2020 LCIA Rules

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Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403533749
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Arbitrating under the 2020 LCIA Rules by : Maxi Scherer

Download or read book Arbitrating under the 2020 LCIA Rules written by Maxi Scherer and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-07-12 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), the oldest of all major arbitral institutions, has, since its establishment well over a century ago, embodied the ideals that underlie the arbitral alternative and set its face against undue delay, soaring cost, complexity, and acrimony. Today, the LCIA administers cases arising under any system of law in any venue worldwide. Underscoring the institution’s international nature, and over 80% of parties in pending LCIA cases today are not of English nationality. This highly practical and user-friendly guide provides not only a thorough analysis of the 2020 LCIA Rules but also a comprehensive explanation of the basic principles governing LCIA arbitration, along with an in-depth analysis of complex issues that may arise in the course of LCIA proceedings. Among the new and revised rules affecting LCIA practice and procedure described in detail include the following: use of technology, accommodating virtual conferencing, remote hearings and electronically signed awards, as well as confirming the primacy of electronic communication with the LCIA; tools to expedite proceedings, including the possibility of early dismissal determinations; explicit consideration of data protection; issues relating to bribery, corruption, terrorist financing, fraud, tax evasion, money laundering and/or economic or trade sanctions; streamlined accommodations for consolidation, composite Requests and concurrent conduct of arbitrations; conduct of authorised representatives of a party; requirements for appointment and removal of tribunal secretaries; and revised schedules of arbitration and mediation costs. The twenty-six chapters of the book provide references to essential national court judgments, statutory provisions, up-to-date statistics, and bibliographical sources on LCIA arbitrations. The 2020 LCIA Rules reflect the most sophisticated current modifications of arbitral procedure, fully aligned with the needs of current global commercial activities. For this reason, and because many companies worldwide include LCIA arbitration clauses in their agreements, this book is invaluable to business executives and corporate counsel as well as to scholars of alternative dispute resolution.

U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437927475
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel by : Jeremy M. Sharp

Download or read book U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) U.S.-Israeli Relations and the Role of Foreign Aid; (2) U.S. Bilateral Military Aid to Israel: A 10-Year Military Aid Agreement; Foreign Military Financing; Ongoing U.S.-Israeli Defense Procurement Negotiations; (3) Defense Budget Appropriations for U.S.-Israeli Missile Defense Programs: Multi-Layered Missile Defense; High Altitude Missile Defense System; (4) Aid Restrictions and Possible Violations: Israeli Arms Sales to China; Israeli Settlements; (5) Other Ongoing Assistance and Cooperative Programs: Migration and Refugee Assistance; Loan Guarantees for Economic Recovery; American Schools and Hospitals Abroad Program; U.S.-Israeli Scientific and Business Cooperation; (6) Historical Background. Illustrations.

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2019

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781498324571
Total Pages : 3800 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (245 download)

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Book Synopsis Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2019 by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2019 written by International Monetary Fund and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 3800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores some of the key factors behind Rwanda key successes, including unique institution-building that emphasized governance and ownership; aid-fueled and government-led strategic investment in people, infrastructure, and high-yield economic activity; re-establishment and expansion of a domestic tax base; policies to reduce aid dependency by attracting private investment and bolstering exports; and a purposeful strategy to harness the economic power of gender inclusion.

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2020

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Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513556568
Total Pages : 4021 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2020 by : International Monetary

Download or read book Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2020 written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 4021 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2020

Data Feminism

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262358530
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Data Feminism by : Catherine D'Ignazio

Download or read book Data Feminism written by Catherine D'Ignazio and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new way of thinking about data science and data ethics that is informed by the ideas of intersectional feminism. Today, data science is a form of power. It has been used to expose injustice, improve health outcomes, and topple governments. But it has also been used to discriminate, police, and surveil. This potential for good, on the one hand, and harm, on the other, makes it essential to ask: Data science by whom? Data science for whom? Data science with whose interests in mind? The narratives around big data and data science are overwhelmingly white, male, and techno-heroic. In Data Feminism, Catherine D'Ignazio and Lauren Klein present a new way of thinking about data science and data ethics—one that is informed by intersectional feminist thought. Illustrating data feminism in action, D'Ignazio and Klein show how challenges to the male/female binary can help challenge other hierarchical (and empirically wrong) classification systems. They explain how, for example, an understanding of emotion can expand our ideas about effective data visualization, and how the concept of invisible labor can expose the significant human efforts required by our automated systems. And they show why the data never, ever “speak for themselves.” Data Feminism offers strategies for data scientists seeking to learn how feminism can help them work toward justice, and for feminists who want to focus their efforts on the growing field of data science. But Data Feminism is about much more than gender. It is about power, about who has it and who doesn't, and about how those differentials of power can be challenged and changed.

Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815542
Total Pages : 768 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements by : Aaditya Mattoo

Download or read book Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).

A Thousand Cuts

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190637730
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis A Thousand Cuts by : Alexandros Kentikelenis

Download or read book A Thousand Cuts written by Alexandros Kentikelenis and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The dominant policy response to economic crises over the past four decades has been the introduction of austerity. How has this mix of budget cuts and reforms to downsize the role of the state evolved over time? What affect has it had on social policies and on people's lives? This book examines the activities of the world's leading advocate of austerity: the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This international organization lends to countries facing economic trouble in exchange for the implementation of far-reaching austerity measures. Drawing on new data, the authors reveal that although the precise content of IMF-mandated austerity has changed considerably over time, the organization continues to place a high burden of reform on countries in crisis. These reforms then decrease the availability of important social services, and contribute to rises in income inequality and declines in population health. These findings form the first systematic assessment of how austerity has impacted people's lives and livelihoods around the world. Will such policy mistakes be avoided in the post-pandemic world? The early evidence presented in this book do not raise grounds for optimism. Public expenditure projections reveal that by 2023, 86 out of 189 countries-mostly middle-income ones-will face contractions in government spending compared to their 2010s average, thereby exposing a cumulative total of 2.3 billion people to the socio-economic consequences of budget cuts"--

United States Code

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1506 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis United States Code by : United States

Download or read book United States Code written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties in Investor-State Disputes

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Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403526610
Total Pages : 744 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties in Investor-State Disputes by : Esmé Shirlow

Download or read book The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties in Investor-State Disputes written by Esmé Shirlow and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) – as the ‘treaty on treaties’ – has achieved a rich and nuanced track record of use in international law. It has now been over fifty years since the VCLT was opened for signature in 1969, and over forty years since it entered into force in 1980. As of 2022, the VCLT has been ratified by 116 States and signed by 45 others, with some non-ratifying States also recognising parts as reflective of customary international law. In the intervening decades, the VCLT has had a profound influence on the interpretation, application and development of international investment law, including in the context of investment treaty arbitration. This book presents the first consolidated analysis of how the VCLT has informed the practice of international investment law and the resolution of investor-State disputes, and the role that the VCLT may play in shaping the future of this field. The diverse contributors to this book are scholars and practitioners from around the world, who offer a variety of perspectives on the nexus between the VCLT, international investment law and investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). Each chapter demonstrates how approaches to key issues of treaty law in investment treaty arbitration diverge or converge from the VCLT and approaches of other international courts, as well as the lessons that investment treaty arbitration could derive – or even offer – for the interpretation and application of the VCLT rules in other settings. Their insights and analyses consider aspects such as the role of the VCLT for: interpretation of more specific approaches to treaty law drafted by treaty negotiators; treaty application in circumstances of contested State territory or succession challenges; temporal challenges arising in treaty interpretation; the status of bilateral investment treaties between European Union Member States and related termination endeavours; questions concerning the validity, termination and amendment of investment treaties, including as part of ongoing ISDS reform processes; current multilateral reform proposals, including the possibility of an appellate mechanism or a multilateral investment court; grappling with the challenge of fragmentation in international investment law, including the role of prior decisions in treaty interpretation, the challenges introduced by treaty conflict and the multitude of approaches that may be taken by national courts when implementing treaties like the New York Convention; and treaty interpretation and drafting as aided by emerging technologies, such as data analytics, machine learning, smart contracts and blockchain. The book’s appendix provides a highly valuable tabular summary of ISDS arbitral practice relating to the VCLT, collating key references from over 350 different procedural orders, decisions and awards. By revisiting the role that the VCLT has played in the development of this field of law, this invaluable book unlocks insights into how the VCLT might be used to support its ongoing development and the resolution of the next generation of investor-State disputes. This book is essential reading for a variety of stakeholders, including arbitrators, counsel, scholars and government officials, who will benefit from its in-depth and practical analysis of the VCLT’s relevance to and impact on investment law and investor-State arbitration and its role in shaping where this field of public international law might be headed in the decades to come.

White Fragility

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Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807047422
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis White Fragility by : Dr. Robin DiAngelo

Download or read book White Fragility written by Dr. Robin DiAngelo and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times best-selling book exploring the counterproductive reactions white people have when their assumptions about race are challenged, and how these reactions maintain racial inequality. In this “vital, necessary, and beautiful book” (Michael Eric Dyson), antiracist educator Robin DiAngelo deftly illuminates the phenomenon of white fragility and “allows us to understand racism as a practice not restricted to ‘bad people’ (Claudia Rankine). Referring to the defensive moves that white people make when challenged racially, white fragility is characterized by emotions such as anger, fear, and guilt, and by behaviors including argumentation and silence. These behaviors, in turn, function to reinstate white racial equilibrium and prevent any meaningful cross-racial dialogue. In this in-depth exploration, DiAngelo examines how white fragility develops, how it protects racial inequality, and what we can do to engage more constructively.