Article 36 Of The Belgic Confession Vindicated Against Dr Abraham Kuyper

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Article 36 of the Belgic Confession Vindicated against Dr. Abraham Kuyper

Author : Philippus Jacobus Hoedemaker
Publisher : Pantocrator Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Article 36 of the Belgic Confession Vindicated against Dr. Abraham Kuyper by : Philippus Jacobus Hoedemaker

Download or read book Article 36 of the Belgic Confession Vindicated against Dr. Abraham Kuyper written by Philippus Jacobus Hoedemaker and published by Pantocrator Press. This book was released on 2019-05-01 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To this day, Abraham Kuyper stands as a shining example of responsible and effective Christian action in all areas of life. A leading journalist, theologian, churchman, and politician in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kuyper effectuated, during a career spanning 50 years, an astonishing metamorphosis of the Dutch political and ecclesiastical landscape. Lifting high the banner of the universal lordship of Christ, he managed to revitalize a moribund political party and mobilize the so-called kleyne luyden, the “little guys,” into a social, ecclesiastical, educational, and political force to be reckoned with. And he did all of this while proclaiming, “There is not a square inch in the whole domain of our human existence over which Christ, who is Sovereign over all, does not cry, Mine!” What is less well understood is the degree to which Kuyper spoke out of two sides of his mouth. In fact, Kuyper shortchanged his trumpeted Christocratic agenda in the interest of political expediency. From early on he redefined theological categories in order to implement a dualism between church and state that could allow him to harness the church as a political action committee in the secularized democratic environment, all the while posturing as a champion of historic Christian theopolitical civilization. The epicenter of this revaluation of Christian values was Article 36 of the Belgic Confession, which mandated that the civil magistrate “remove and prevent all idolatry and false worship; that the kingdom of anti-christ may be thus destroyed, and the kingdom of Christ promoted.” This, in the view of Kuyper and his movement, was a denial of true Calvinism, which championed freedom of conscience and religion. Hoedemaker disputed this, arguing that Kuyper had set up a straw man. Did Article 36 really entail violation of conscience and the elimination of religious freedom? No – this was a smokescreen. In fact, Kuyper’s solution was the problem, as it did not take the Bible seriously. Hoedemaker returned to the Reformed fathers to recover a sound Reformed political theology, capable of being defended and advanced in the modern world. Hoedemaker had once stood shoulder-to-shoulder with Kuyper to advance the very same agenda of Christ’s lordship over every area of life. But he came to realize that Kuyper’s practical agenda deviated fundamentally from this proclaimed agenda, starting with the separation from the national church and culminating in Kuyper’s “mutilation” (A. A. van Ruler) of Article 36. This book presents Hoedemaker’s argument, involving a detailed analysis of Kuyper’s published statements on the subject, mainly his extended discussion included in vol. 3 of Common Grace. It is the translation of Artikel XXXVI onzer Nederduitsche Geloofsbelijdenis tegenover Dr. A. Kuyper gehandhaafd: beoordelingen van de opstellen in de “Heraut” over kerk en staat (Amsterdam: Van Dam, 1901).

The Spirit of Populism

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900449832X
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis The Spirit of Populism by :

Download or read book The Spirit of Populism written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-08 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation explores the significance of religion for the controversies stirred up by populist politics in European and American contexts, engaging Jewish, Christian, and Islamic political thought. Moving beyond essentialist definitions of religion, the contributions offer critical interpretations and constructive interventions for political theology today.

Reformed Ecclesiology in an Age of Denominationalism

Author : Philippus Jacobus Hoedemaker
Publisher : Pantocrator Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Reformed Ecclesiology in an Age of Denominationalism by : Philippus Jacobus Hoedemaker

Download or read book Reformed Ecclesiology in an Age of Denominationalism written by Philippus Jacobus Hoedemaker and published by Pantocrator Press. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once upon a time, the state shared the public square with the church. The central location of the church building in every European town is mute testimony to this state of affairs. But those days are long gone. Nowadays there is an implicit or explicit consensus regarding the proper place of the church: out of sight and out of mind. How has this sea change come about? Through a complete metanoia (“change of mind”) regarding the public square. Church and state used to be in agreement about ultimate reality, but then came the wars of religion and the desire for a neutral state. This gave us the agnostic state, incapable of making any judgement regarding truth or falsehood regarding religion. Freedom of religion has been the result. But this freedom has come with a price – the loss of a grip on ultimate reality, on transcendent standards and values. It is every person for him- or herself, the triumph of congeries of opinion over truth. Under these conditions, the church has itself experienced a transformation. It has been fragmented into myriad churches, none of which may claim ultimacy, all of which claim to proclaim the truth. We no longer have the body of Christ visibly expressed; instead we have denominations, private-legal constructs expressive of various consumer-oriented flavors of faith orientation. Has unity then been abandoned? No; for it is not a question of unity or no unity, it is a question of what kind of unity. In the modern world, the churches have exchanged unity in terms of confession, with unity in terms of politics. Political parties are the vehicles through which Christians express a joint conviction. And this has brought the church down to the level of the interest group and the lobbyist, the inevitable result of an age of denominationalism. Over 100 years ago, P. J. Hoedemaker already delineated and analyzed this state of affairs. The abysmal condition of the Dutch Reformed church formed the historical backdrop for his analysis, but the principles he developed during the course of his critique of the national church are applicable across the board in the modern world. Hoedemaker excavates the biblical and Reformational foundations of ecclesiology, the basics apart from which the church cannot escape from its current abasement.

The Politics of Antithesis

Author : P. J. Hoedemaker
Publisher : Pantocrator Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Antithesis by : P. J. Hoedemaker

Download or read book The Politics of Antithesis written by P. J. Hoedemaker and published by Pantocrator Press. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 1st, 1901, a new government was installed in the Netherlands, formed by Antirevolutionary Party (ARP) leader Abraham Kuyper. The culmination of decades of relentless effort, it represented a new departure in Dutch politics: a government explicitly invoking the Christian revelation as the basis for its policy. “Revelation over Reason!” had been the battle cry of the campaign, and the majority-Christian Dutch electorate had answered the call. But would the policy results of this Christian coalition government answer to such a high ideal? This was the question posed by P. J. Hoedemaker shortly after the coalition’s accession to power. In a series of lectures entitled A State with the Bible, he began to weigh the coalition in the balance, setting forth criteria to determine whether the result would answer to the promise. A second series of articles published just prior to the election campaign of 1905 had Hoedemaker drawing up the balance sheet. The conclusion was not encouraging: The coalition had fallen short precisely in the areas where a “state with the Bible” should have stood strong. For Hoedemaker, it had become clear that the question was not one of right or left in terms of party politics. No, it was Neither Right nor Left but the Royal Road, the way of a Christian public policy that transcends party politics. This conclusion was hammered home in a third publication promulgated after the election defeat for Kuyper in 1905. The title speaks volumes: The Birthright for a Mess of Pottage, an allusion to Esau’s contemptible bargain with Jacob. This was what came of a Christian coalition pursuing the “politics of antithesis,” and Hoedemaker’s assessment hits the mark not only with regard to the politics of Abraham Kuyper but with the politics of today. For it is the same set of issues with which we still struggle, revolving as they do around the presupposition of the neutral state. The three titles translated here are set in their proper context and as such are allowed to disgorge the wealth of vision contained in them to a generation far downstream from these events, but still feeling their effects. The bottom line: electoral politics in their current configuration are a failure and cannot help but be a failure. The approach needs to be rethought from top to bottom. Hoedemaker offers us a place to start.

Common Grace (Volume 3)

Author : Abraham Kuyper
Publisher : Lexham Press
ISBN 13 : 1577996968
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (779 download)

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Book Synopsis Common Grace (Volume 3) by : Abraham Kuyper

Download or read book Common Grace (Volume 3) written by Abraham Kuyper and published by Lexham Press. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: God's Gifts for a Fallen World Common Grace is often considered Abraham Kuyper's crowning work, an exploration of how God expresses grace even to the unsaved. Kuyper firmly believed that though many people in the world will remain unconverted, God's grace is still shown to the world as a whole. In this third and final volume of Common Grace, Kuyper brings his argument to its logical completion by turning to practical implications. With detailed explorations on matters of church and state, family, upbringing, and society, Kuyper provides practical guidance for all who desire to flourish within the created order, a world in which God's grace is generously given to all.

A Global Sourcebook in Protestant Political Thought, Volume I

Author : Matthew Rowley
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040031889
Total Pages : 752 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis A Global Sourcebook in Protestant Political Thought, Volume I by : Matthew Rowley

Download or read book A Global Sourcebook in Protestant Political Thought, Volume I written by Matthew Rowley and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-01 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first volume of A Global Sourcebook in Protestant Political Thought provides a window into the early Protestant world, and the ways in which Protestants wrestled with politics and religion in the wake of the Reformation. This period saw political authorities and church hierarchies challenged and defended by scholars, clerics, and laypeople alike. The volume engages the full spectrum of Protestants, with reference to theology, geography, ethnicity, historical importance, socio-economic background, and gender. This diversity highlights how Protestants felt pulled towards differing political positions and used several maps to chart their course – conscience, custom, history, ecclesiastical tradition, and the laws of God, nature, nation, or community. On most important issues, Protestants lined up on opposing sides. Additionally, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox political thought, as well as interactions with Jewish and Muslim texts and thinkers, profoundly influenced different directions taken in the history of Protestant political thought. Even as our own time is fraught with deep disagreement and political polarisation, so too was early modern Europe, and we might read it in the anxieties, uncertainties, hopes, and expectations that the sources vividly express. This sourcebook will enrich both research and classroom teaching in politics, theology, and history, whether geared towards general political or religious history, or towards more specialised courses on colonialism, warfare, gender, race or religious diversity.

Trojan Horse

Author : Ruben Alvarado
Publisher : WordBridge Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Trojan Horse by : Ruben Alvarado

Download or read book Trojan Horse written by Ruben Alvarado and published by WordBridge Publishing. This book was released on 2022-12-06 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of Christian America is a disputed one. Those who affirm it marshal a vast body of evidence in support, while those who dispute it have at their command an equally formidable arsenal of facts and documentation. How is the truth of the matter to be settled? Indubitably, the United States was founded in continuity with the Christian, common-law heritage from the mother country. This stands in shrill contrast with the Revolutionary regime in France, the leading idea of which was the overthrow of received institutions. America at its founding represented, in the pregnant characterization of R. J. Rushdoony, “a Protestant feudal restoration,” for “its origins are Christian and Augustinian, deeply rooted in Reformation, medieval and patristic history” (This Independent Republic, p. vii.). But in saying this, has all been said? Obviously there is also discontinuity with the Christian past. In the founding documents, whether the Declaration of Independence or the Constitution, there is no provision for an established church. Neither is there any recognition of the Christian religion. There is no acknowledgement of divine right. There is the Constitution’s “We the People” as a self-referencing authority, and a provision (Art. VI, §. 3) that “no religious test” would be required for “any Office or public Trust”; there is the Declaration’s passing acknowledgement of “Nature’s God,” of “their Creator,” an appeal to “the Supreme Judge of the world” in the dispute, in which “a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence” is expressed. Any good monotheist, Unitarian, Deist could affirm as much. Was this an oversight? Was it deference to those states the constitutions and institutions of which did include specifically Christian acknowledgements and arrangements? Or was it deliberate? To answer that question, this book delves deeply into the legal-philosophical underpinnings of the new nation and exposes those underpinnings to a thorough analysis and critique. It then shows how this set of understandings has run right through the various institutions of the American order. And it shows how it is that precisely these philosophical, and ultimately religious, foundations are the Trojan Horse which has wreaked havoc on our country.

Liturgy in the Reformed Tradition

Author : Oepke Noordmans
Publisher : Pantocrator Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Liturgy in the Reformed Tradition by : Oepke Noordmans

Download or read book Liturgy in the Reformed Tradition written by Oepke Noordmans and published by Pantocrator Press. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many forms of liturgy in the contemporary church, but they are not always critically assessed. Liturgy can be viewed as a sealed encounter in which behind closed doors heaven and earth meet and participate in each other. But it can also be viewed as an exercise in acceptance of the world outside, where critical assessment is neglected in favor of socio-political engagement for what passes as “ethical” on the world stage. But true liturgy, writes Dr. Noordmans, is accomplished in the full consciousness of sin, and the sacrifice by which that sin is dealt with. There can then be no unquestioned acceptance of the world; by the same token, there is no turning away from the world in an otherworldly flight to transcendence. There is only the critical confrontation with ourselves and the world around us, in the liturgy which, as the apostle Paul emphasizes, takes place not behind church walls so much as in the “field of the world” (Matthew 13: 38). The liturgy is restrained by the eschatological realizations of original sin and the death and resurrection of the Savior, as contained in the sacraments. And the Word can then operate in the field of the world as it ought to. Reformed liturgy as it has come down through the ages is, Dr. Noordmans is convinced, a reflection of these realities. And only such a liturgy can do justice to the gospel.

Contours of the Kuyperian Tradition

Author : Craig G. Bartholomew
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 0830891609
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Contours of the Kuyperian Tradition by : Craig G. Bartholomew

Download or read book Contours of the Kuyperian Tradition written by Craig G. Bartholomew and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abraham Kuyper was a remarkable figure in the modern age: pastor, theologian, politician, journalist, and educator. His writings launched what is known as Dutch neo-Calvinism. Widely known but little read, Kuyper is now receiving the global recognition that his influential thought deserves in this introduction by Craig Bartholomew.

In Memory of Stahl

Author : Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer
Publisher : Pantocrator Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis In Memory of Stahl by : Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer

Download or read book In Memory of Stahl written by Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer and published by Pantocrator Press. This book was released on 2022-04-15 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Please allow me to introduce myself. My name is Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer. I heard that you don’t know who Stahl is. And I could not help wondering – please pardon my incivility, but … what rock have you been hiding under? Never heard of Stahl? Why, he is simply one of the greatest statesmen and legal scholars that Germany ever produced. “Everyone knows Stahl – usually without wanting to. For he has many opponents, who execrated what he stood for. They had a host of names for him: ‘a friend of compulsion, of princely absolutism, of medieval prejudices and misconceptions, a thoughtless fanatic, attached to obsolete forms, who foolishly mixes politics with religion; an ultra-Lutheran, Puseyite, head of the Junker party, proponent of feudal abuses, sophist in scientific outfit, dreamer about whose metaphysical speculations one reluctantly racks one's brains.’ When he died, they were happy to see him go: ‘Every sane person gladly sends such wicked men as this crusader chasing the holy cross, when heaven pleases to call them.’ Crusader! And they say that of someone who is Jewish! That’s right, Stahl was a convert to Christianity. And then, about his legacy – they are certain it will not follow after him: ‘It does not look as if Stahl will rise from the dead anymore.’ “But it will. I – we – will make sure that it does. Stahl was a voice crying in the wilderness, but his message is timeless. The kingdom of God and of His Christ will be recognized, on earth as it is in heaven. Here and now, among the rulers and powers, among the nations. ‘Every knee shall bow and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord.’ That is Stahl’s message, not only in private, among the congregation and around the dinner table, but in public, in the halls of power, the groves of academia, the popular consciousness, the public’s opinion. The gospel is an affair of public interest, it is a message to the nations. It concerns their weal and woe, their destiny. Such is by no means a matter of indifference to the kingdom of God. “That has been my message as well. Believe me, it is not a popular one in this day and age. The entire Zeitgeist is running against it. No one wants to hear of ‘the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth’ – not even His followers! But does that mean that we are to be silenced? Or worse yet, to silence ourselves? Forbid it, Almighty God! “It is time men like Stahl were recognized for their work, their achievement, and their vision for the church, the nations, and the kingdom of God. It is past time to embrace and build upon their legacies, especially Stahl’s, which is so rich, profitable, rewarding. Read this memorial and acquaint yourself with someone who well deserves your undivided attention.”

The Greeks and the Gospel

Author : J.B. Skemp
Publisher : WordBridge Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9076660344
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (766 download)

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Book Synopsis The Greeks and the Gospel by : J.B. Skemp

Download or read book The Greeks and the Gospel written by J.B. Skemp and published by WordBridge Publishing. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Christian Political Action in an Age of Revolution

Author : Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer
Publisher : WordBridge Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Christian Political Action in an Age of Revolution by : Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer

Download or read book Christian Political Action in an Age of Revolution written by Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer and published by WordBridge Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Christian Faith, Philosophy & International Relations

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004409890
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Christian Faith, Philosophy & International Relations by :

Download or read book Christian Faith, Philosophy & International Relations written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International relations are in constant turbulence. Globalisation, the rise and fall of superpowers, the fragilisation of the EU, trade wars, real wars, terrorism, persecution, new nationalism and identity politics, climate change, are just a few of the recent disturbing developments. How can international issues be understood and addressed from a Christian faith perspective? In this book answers are presented from various Christian traditions: Neo-calvinism, Catholic social teaching, critical theory and Christian realism. The volume offers fundamental theological and Christian philosophical perspectives on international relations and global challenges, case studies about inspiring Christian leaders such as Robert Schuman, Dag Hammarskjöld, Abraham Kuyper and prophetic critiques of supranational issues.

History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World, Adapted for Use in the Class Room

Author : Richard Clark Reed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World, Adapted for Use in the Class Room by : Richard Clark Reed

Download or read book History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World, Adapted for Use in the Class Room written by Richard Clark Reed and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Treatise on Money

Author : Joseph Alois Schumpeter
Publisher : Wordbridge Pub
ISBN 13 : 9789076660363
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatise on Money by : Joseph Alois Schumpeter

Download or read book Treatise on Money written by Joseph Alois Schumpeter and published by Wordbridge Pub. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together with John Maynard Keynes and Milton Friedman, Joseph Schumpeter is regarded as one of the three greatest economists of the 20th century. And yet, his actual economic writing has remained something of an enigma. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, his best-known work, was also an unscientific throw-off in his view. His major economic works - The Theory of Economic Development and Business Cycles - have been misunderstood and underappreciated. What has not been realized is that key elements of the Schumpeterian system have hitherto gone missing. Clues to that system were contained in his magisterial History of Economic Analysis, but the full-orbed outworking was contained in his unpublished German manuscript on money and banking. Now published in English translation, the Treatise on Money provides the key to understanding Schumpeter's system. It shows that Schumpeter's famous emphasis on 'creative destruction' is a more complex phenomenon than is popularly understood. In particular, it provides an understanding of the workings of money, banking, and the money and capital markets, that are supremely relevant in the light of current monetary and fiscal policy crises. This present volume is therefore an indispensable contribution to revealing the true Schumpeter to the English-speaking world.

Christian Philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd

Author : Pierre Marcel
Publisher : WordBridge Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9076660468
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (766 download)

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Book Synopsis Christian Philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd by : Pierre Marcel

Download or read book Christian Philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd written by Pierre Marcel and published by WordBridge Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-13 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally available only in typewritten manuscript, Pierre Marcel's two-volume analysis of the philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd has now been made available to the reading public in a magnificent English translation by Colin Wright. The first volume provides a detailed analysis of Dooyeweerd's critique of theoretical thought. Dooyeweerd analyzed the very basis of thought itself, its presuppositions; and then also the consequences of those presuppositions. The entire range of historical philosophy is taken into account, as are all the schools that manifested themselves up until the time of his writing. The second volume provides an analysis of Dooyeweerd's positive philosophy based on explicit presuppositions, those of Christianity. Dooyeweerd analyzes reality in the light of the framework of laws of thought embedded in the mind and in extant reality. The result is an audacious synthesis that provides a foundation for justified reason. Marcel constructively criticizes both these areas of Dooyeweerd's achievement in the two volumes now presented. They will occupy the top shelf of the works dedicated to the analysis and continuation of the great Dutchman's philosophical magnum opus.

The Debate that Changed the West

Author : Ruben Alvarado
Publisher : Pantocrator Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Debate that Changed the West by : Ruben Alvarado

Download or read book The Debate that Changed the West written by Ruben Alvarado and published by Pantocrator Press. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the dawn of the modern age a debate took place which would determine the further course of Western and thus world civilization. This debate did not take place in any assembly or debating chamber. It took place in the hearts and minds of the trend-setting intelligentsia of the day. Two figures engaged in this debate, acting as signposts at the crossroads which materialized in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, when a decision loomed and a path had not yet irrevocably been embarked upon. They functioned at the time and place destined to be the stage upon which this decision would become apparent: in and around the Dutch Republic in its struggle for freedom from the Spanish monarchy. They shared the same inheritance, constraints, and influences; the one fashioned it in a way that proved a resounding success which would be received as orthodoxy, the framework of right-thinking people for centuries to come; the other in a way that, although offering a coherent and constructive alternative, languished in obscurity, only in our day receiving renewed interest from the scattered flock of academics and churchmen (and women) who either make the knowledge of such things their business, or share a wistfulness for and inkling of this world we have lost. The one is Hugo Grotius, world renowned, the so-called “Father of International Law.” Although the appropriateness of such an appellation has been drawn into well-deserved doubt in our time, what should not be in doubt is the paradigmatic role his work played in the course of our civilization. Grotius fashioned the synthesis of the socio-political-legal-constitutional materials, the harvest of centuries of scholarship, into the familiar modern shape, which this book will explore in extenso. It is his path that was chosen, his seed which has now reached harvest time. The other is Johannes Althusius, forgotten by the Enlightenment but restored to honor in the 19th century by the German “revivalist” of associationalism Otto von Gierke. Althusius drew on the same source materials as Grotius to fashion his own synthesis of political, legal, and constitutional thought, a synthesis which then fell into abeyance as its competitor synthesis triumphed, but which in our day has enjoyed a renaissance that promises a theoretical renewal of our understanding of constitutionalism and the rule of law. These two men encapsulate the conflict of Western civilization. The path of the one was taken, the path of the other eschewed, the path of rationalist individualism instead of the path of communitarian associationalism, the path of Grotius instead of the path of Althusius. It is their achievements which are elucidated in this book.