Art For Equality

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The Art of Feminism

Author : Lucinda Gosling
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781849768344
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis The Art of Feminism by : Lucinda Gosling

Download or read book The Art of Feminism written by Lucinda Gosling and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Updated and Expanded edition of The Art of Feminism charts the birth of the feminist aesthetic and its development over two centuries that have seen profound and fast-paced change in women's lives across the globe. Including over 350 remarkable artworks, ranging from political posters and graphics to stunning and provocative pieces of painting, sculpture, textiles, craft, performance, digital and installation art, the book begins with poster images produced by the Suffrage Atelier in the nineteenth century, moving on to developments of both World Wars before arriving at the `birth' of feminist art in the 1960s. More recent artworks describe the development of feminism from the fall of the Berlin Wall to the present day, including examples by Zanele Muholi, Paula Rego, Lenka Clayton, Sethembile Msezane, Andrea Bowers, Tanja Ostojic, Aliaa Magda Elmahdy and Zoe Leonard. Other featured artists include Valie Export, Ketty La Rocca, Ewa Partum, Carolee Schneemann, Sanja Ivekovic, Senga Nengudi, Eva Hesse, Lynda Benglis, Suzy Lake, Barbara Kruger, Sophie Calle, Nancy Spero, Marina Abramovic, Mary Kelly, Judy Chicago, Faith Ringgold and Sonia Boyce. UPDATED AND INCLUSIVE: This edition of the book features an even more diverse array of artists and artworks than the original, from the beautiful figurative paintings of Hungarian-Indian artist Amrita Sher-Gil to the thoroughly researched and extravagantly costumed self-portraits of American photographer Ayana Jackson. Edited by Helena Reckitt, with texts by Lucinda Gosling, Hilary Robinson and Amy Tobin, The Art of Feminism also includes a preface by Maria Balshaw, Director, Tate, and a foreword by Xabier Arakistain, former director of del Centro Cultural Montehermoso Kulturunea, Spain.

Art for Equality

Author : Jenny Woodley
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 081314518X
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Art for Equality by : Jenny Woodley

Download or read book Art for Equality written by Jenny Woodley and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is the nation's oldest civil rights organization, having dedicated itself to the fight for racial equality since 1909. While the group helped achieve substantial victories in the courtroom, the struggle for civil rights extended beyond gaining political support. It also required changing social attitudes. The NAACP thus worked to alter existing prejudices through the production of art that countered racist depictions of African Americans, focusing its efforts not only on changing the attitudes of the white middle class but also on encouraging racial pride and a sense of identity in the black community. Art for Equality explores an important and little-studied side of the NAACP's activism in the cultural realm. In openly supporting African American artists, writers, and musicians in their creative endeavors, the organization aimed to change the way the public viewed the black community. By overcoming stereotypes and the belief of the majority that African Americans were physically, intellectually, and morally inferior to whites, the NAACP believed it could begin to defeat racism. Illuminating important protests, from the fight against the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation to the production of anti-lynching art during the Harlem Renaissance, this insightful volume examines the successes and failures of the NAACP's cultural campaign from 1910 to the 1960s. Exploring the roles of gender and class in shaping the association's patronage of the arts, Art for Equality offers an in-depth analysis of the social and cultural climate during a time of radical change in America.

Visualizing Equality

Author : Aston Gonzalez
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469659972
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Visualizing Equality by : Aston Gonzalez

Download or read book Visualizing Equality written by Aston Gonzalez and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fight for racial equality in the nineteenth century played out not only in marches and political conventions but also in the print and visual culture created and disseminated throughout the United States by African Americans. Advances in visual technologies--daguerreotypes, lithographs, cartes de visite, and steam printing presses--enabled people to see and participate in social reform movements in new ways. African American activists seized these opportunities and produced images that advanced campaigns for black rights. In this book, Aston Gonzalez charts the changing roles of African American visual artists as they helped build the world they envisioned. Understudied artists such as Robert Douglass Jr., Patrick Henry Reason, James Presley Ball, and Augustus Washington produced images to persuade viewers of the necessity for racial equality, black political leadership, and freedom from slavery. Moreover, these activist artists' networks of transatlantic patronage and travels to Europe, the Caribbean, and Africa reveal their extensive involvement in the most pressing concerns for black people in the Atlantic world. Their work demonstrates how images became central to the ways that people developed ideas about race, citizenship, and politics during the nineteenth century.

Soviet Women and Their Art

Author : IVAN. LAVERY LINDSAY (RENA.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781912690626
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Soviet Women and Their Art by : IVAN. LAVERY LINDSAY (RENA.)

Download or read book Soviet Women and Their Art written by IVAN. LAVERY LINDSAY (RENA.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Design [does Not Equal] Art

Author : Barbara J. Bloemink
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Design [does Not Equal] Art by : Barbara J. Bloemink

Download or read book Design [does Not Equal] Art written by Barbara J. Bloemink and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Design [does not equal] Art presents distinctive functional designs that share the limited palette, materials, and elegant, geometric abstract forms characteristic of Minimalist and post-Minimalist art, including pine desks and porcelain tableware by Judd, stone and steel tables and chairs by Burton, lamps by Tuttle, folding screens by LeWitt, rugs by Rosemarie Trockel and Barbara Bloom, daybeds by Whiteread, and much more." "Filled with hundreds of photographs and drawing on candid conversations with many of the artists, Design [does not equal] Art is an authoritative, essential resource for designers, scholars of Minimalist and post-Minimalist art, collectors, and anyone interested in furniture and design of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Art for Equality

Author : Jenny Woodley
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813145171
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Art for Equality by : Jenny Woodley

Download or read book Art for Equality written by Jenny Woodley and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the NAACP’s activism in the cultural realm through creative projects from 1910 to the 1960s. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is the nation’s oldest civil rights organization, having dedicated itself to the fight for racial equality since 1909. While the group helped achieve substantial victories in the courtroom, the struggle for civil rights extended beyond gaining political support. It also required changing social attitudes. The NAACP thus worked to alter existing prejudices through the production of art that countered racist depictions of African Americans, focusing its efforts not only on changing the attitudes of the White middle class but also on encouraging racial pride and a sense of identity in the Black community. Art for Equality explores an important and little-studied side of the NAACP’s activism in the cultural realm. In openly supporting African American artists, writers, and musicians in their creative endeavors, the organization aimed to change the way the public viewed the Black community. By overcoming stereotypes and the belief of the majority that African Americans were physically, intellectually, and morally inferior to Whites, the NAACP believed it could begin to defeat racism. Illuminating important protests, from the fight against the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation to the production of anti-lynching art during the Harlem Renaissance, this insightful volume examines the successes and failures of the NAACP’s cultural campaign from 1910 to the 1960s. Exploring the roles of gender and class in shaping the association's patronage of the arts, Art for Equality offers an in-depth analysis of the social and cultural climate during a time of radical change in America. Praise for Art for Equality “A well-conceived and well-executed study that will add significantly to the historiography of the NAACP, the long civil rights movement, and African American history.” —John Kirk, George W. Donaghey Professor and Chair of the History Department at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock “In this insightful book, Woodley writes with great verve and confidence. As a result, Art for Equality will attract readers in a variety of fields from African American history to art history to American political history.” —Matthew Pratt Guterl, Brown University “A necessary contribution to African American social and cultural histories.” —Journal of Southern History

Anni & Josef Albers

Author : Nicholas Fox Weber
Publisher : Phaidon
ISBN 13 : 9781838661427
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Anni & Josef Albers by : Nicholas Fox Weber

Download or read book Anni & Josef Albers written by Nicholas Fox Weber and published by Phaidon. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A spectacular and unprecedented visual biography of the leading pioneers and protagonists of modern art and design Josef - painter, designer, and teacher - and Anni Albers - textile artist and printmaker - are among the twentieth century's most important abstract artists, and this is the first monograph to celebrate the rich creative output and beguiling relationship of these two masters in one elegant volume. It presents their life and work as never before, from their formative years at the Bauhaus in Germany to their remarkable influence at Black Mountain College in the United States through their intensely productive period in Connecticut. Accessibly written, the book is packed with more than 750 artworks, archival images, and documents - many published here for the first time - all tracing the remarkable lives and careers of this legendary couple. Dispersed throughout area series of short essays on artists that focuses on the Alberses relationship with a number of important artists and architects of the 20th century, like Ruth Asawa, Marcel Breuer, Merce Cunningham, Philip Johnson, Paul Klee, Jacob Lawrence, and many more. The beautifully cloth-bound package utilizes an elegant color palette and design that speaks to the work of both artists. This comprehensive visual biography showcases the artists' rich and dynamic lives, and their infinite influence on each other, as they shared the profound conviction that art was central to human existence.

From Here to Equality, Second Edition

Author : William A. Darity Jr.
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469671212
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis From Here to Equality, Second Edition by : William A. Darity Jr.

Download or read book From Here to Equality, Second Edition written by William A. Darity Jr. and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racism and discrimination have choked economic opportunity for African Americans at nearly every turn. At several historic moments, the trajectory of racial inequality could have been altered dramatically. But neither Reconstruction nor the New Deal nor the civil rights struggle led to an economically just and fair nation. Today, systematic inequality persists in the form of housing discrimination, unequal education, police brutality, mass incarceration, employment discrimination, and massive wealth and opportunity gaps. Economic data indicates that for every dollar the average white household holds in wealth the average black household possesses a mere ten cents. This compelling and sharply argued book addresses economic injustices head-on and make the most comprehensive case to date for economic reparations for U.S. descendants of slavery. Using innovative methods that link monetary values to historical wrongs, William Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen assess the literal and figurative costs of justice denied in the 155 years since the end of the Civil War and offer a detailed roadmap for an effective reparations program, including a substantial payment to each documented U.S. black descendant of slavery. This new edition features a new foreword addressing the latest developments on the local, state, and federal level and considering current prospects for a comprehensive reparations program.

We Will Win the Day

Author : Louis Moore
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis We Will Win the Day by : Louis Moore

Download or read book We Will Win the Day written by Louis Moore and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exceedingly timely book looks at the history of black activist athletes and the important role of the black community in making sure fair play existed, not only in sports, but across U.S. society. Most books that focus on ties between sports, black athletes, and the Civil Rights Movement focus on specific issues or people. They discuss, for example, how baseball was integrated or tell the stories of individuals like Jackie Robinson or Muhammad Ali. This book approaches the topic differently. By examining the connection between sports, black athletes and the Civil Rights Movement overall, it puts the athletes and their stories into the proper context. Rather than romanticizing the stories and the men and women who lived them, it uses the roles these individuals played—or chose not to play—to illuminate the complexities and nuances in the relationship between black athletes and the fight for racial equality. Arranged thematically, the book starts with Jackie Robinson's entry into baseball when he signed with the Dodgers in 1945 and ends with the revolt of black athletes in the late 1960s, symbolized by Tommie Smith and John Carlos famously raising their clenched fists during a medal ceremony at the 1968 Olympics. Accounts from the black press and the athletes themselves help illustrate the role black athletes played in the Civil Rights Movement. At the same time, the book also examines how the black public viewed sports and the contributions of black athletes during these tumultuous decades, showing how the black communities' belief in merit and democracy—combined with black athletic success—influenced the push for civil rights.

Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?: 50th anniversary edition

Author : Linda Nochlin
Publisher : Thames & Hudson
ISBN 13 : 0500776628
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?: 50th anniversary edition by : Linda Nochlin

Download or read book Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?: 50th anniversary edition written by Linda Nochlin and published by Thames & Hudson. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fiftieth anniversary edition of the essay that is now recognized as the first major work of feminist art theory—published together with author Linda Nochlin’s reflections three decades later. Many scholars have called Linda Nochlin’s seminal essay on women artists the first real attempt at a feminist history of art. In her revolutionary essay, Nochlin refused to answer the question of why there had been no “great women artists” on its own corrupted terms, and instead, she dismantled the very concept of greatness, unraveling the basic assumptions that created the male-centric genius in art. With unparalleled insight and wit, Nochlin questioned the acceptance of a white male viewpoint in art history. And future freedom, as she saw it, requires women to leap into the unknown and risk demolishing the art world’s institutions in order to rebuild them anew. In this stand-alone anniversary edition, Nochlin’s essay is published alongside its reappraisal, “Thirty Years After.” Written in an era of thriving feminist theory, as well as queer theory, race, and postcolonial studies, “Thirty Years After” is a striking reflection on the emergence of a whole new canon. With reference to Joan Mitchell, Louise Bourgeois, Cindy Sherman, and many more, Nochlin diagnoses the state of women and art with unmatched precision and verve. “Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?” has become a slogan and rallying cry that resonates across culture and society. In the 2020s, Nochlin’s message could not be more urgent: as she put it in 2015, “There is still a long way to go.”

Art After Liberalism

Author : Nicholas Gamso
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781941332689
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (326 download)

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Book Synopsis Art After Liberalism by : Nicholas Gamso

Download or read book Art After Liberalism written by Nicholas Gamso and published by . This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Art after Liberalism is an account of creative practice at a moment of converging social crises. It is also an inquiry into emergent ways of living, acting, and making art in the company of others. The apparent failures of liberal thinking mark its starting point. No longer can the framework of the nation-state, the figure of the enterprising individual, and the premise of limitless development be counted on to produce a world worth living in. No longer can talk of inclusion, representation, or a neutral public sphere pass for something like equality. It is increasingly clear that these commonplace liberal conceptions have failed to improve life in any lasting way. In fact, they conceal fundamental connections to enslavement, conscription, colonization, moral debt, and ecological devastation. Now we must decide what comes after. The essays in this book attempt to register these connections by following itinerant artists, artworks, and art publics as they move across comparative political environments. The book thus provides a range of speculations about art and social experience after liberal modernity. Featuring a conversation with Amin Husain and Nitasha Dhillon of MTL Collective.

Soldier for Equality

Author : Duncan Tonatiuh
Publisher : Abrams
ISBN 13 : 1683356195
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Soldier for Equality by : Duncan Tonatiuh

Download or read book Soldier for Equality written by Duncan Tonatiuh and published by Abrams. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The incredible story of one man’s fight for Mexican-American civil rights, from award-winning picture book creator Duncan Tonatiuh A 2020 Pura Belpré Author Honor Book! José de la Luz Sáenz (Luz) believed in fighting for what was right. Though born in the United States, Luz often faced prejudice because of his Mexican heritage. Determined to help his community, even in the face of discrimination, he taught school—children during the day and adults in the evenings. When World War I broke out, Luz joined the army, as did many others. His ability to quickly learn languages made him an invaluable member of the Intelligence Office in Europe. However, Luz found that prejudice followed him even to war, and despite his efforts, he often didn’t receive credit for his contributions. Upon returning home to Texas, he joined with other Mexican American veterans to create the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), which today is the largest and oldest Latinx civil rights organization. Using his signature illustration style and Luz’s diary entries from the war, award-winning author and illustrator Duncan Tonatiuh tells the story of a Mexican American war hero and his fight for equality.

Innovation + Equality

Author : Joshua Gans
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026204322X
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovation + Equality by : Joshua Gans

Download or read book Innovation + Equality written by Joshua Gans and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to get more innovation and more equality. Is economic inequality the price we pay for innovation? The amazing technological advances of the last two decades—in such areas as artificial intelligence, genetics, and materials—have benefited society collectively and rewarded innovators handsomely: we get cool smartphones and technology moguls become billionaires. This contributes to a growing wealth gap; in the United States; the wealth controlled by the top 0.1 percent of households equals that of the bottom ninety percent. Is this the inevitable cost of an innovation-driven economy? Economist Joshua Gans and policy maker Andrew Leigh make the case that pursuing innovation does not mean giving up on equality—precisely the opposite. In this book, they outline ways that society can become both more entrepreneurial and more egalitarian. All innovation entails uncertainty; there's no way to predict which new technologies will catch on. Therefore, Gans and Leigh argue, rather than betting on the future of particular professions, we should consider policies that embrace uncertainty and protect people from unfavorable outcomes. To this end, they suggest policies that promote both innovation and equality. If we encourage innovation in the right way, our future can look more like the cheerful techno-utopia of Star Trek than the dark techno-dystopia of The Terminator.

Gender equality, heritage and creativity

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO
ISBN 13 : 9231000500
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender equality, heritage and creativity by : UNESCO

Download or read book Gender equality, heritage and creativity written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initiated by the Culture Sector of UNESCO, the report draws together existing research, policies, case studies and statistics on gender equality and women's empowerment in culture provided by the UN Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights, government representatives, international research groups and think-tanks, academia, artists and heritage professionals. It includes recommendations for governments, decision-makers and the international community, within the fields of creativity and heritage. Annex contains essay 'Gender and culture: the statistical perspective' by Lydia Deloumeaux.

The Art of Protest

Author : T. V. Reed
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452958653
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis The Art of Protest by : T. V. Reed

Download or read book The Art of Protest written by T. V. Reed and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A second edition of the classic introduction to arts in social movements, fully updated and now including Black Lives Matter, Occupy Wall Street, and new digital and social media forms of cultural resistance The Art of Protest, first published in 2006, was hailed as an “essential” introduction to progressive social movements in the United States and praised for its “fluid writing style” and “well-informed and insightful” contribution (Choice Magazine). Now thoroughly revised and updated, this new edition of T. V. Reed’s acclaimed work offers engaging accounts of ten key progressive movements in postwar America, from the African American struggle for civil rights beginning in the 1950s to Occupy Wall Street and Black Lives Matter in the twenty-first century. Reed focuses on the artistic activities of these movements as a lively way to frame progressive social change and its cultural legacies: civil rights freedom songs, the street drama of the Black Panthers, revolutionary murals of the Chicano movement, poetry in women’s movements, the American Indian Movement’s use of film and video, anti-apartheid rock music, ACT UP’s visual art, digital arts in #Occupy, Black Lives Matter rap videos, and more. Through the kaleidoscopic lens of artistic expression, Reed reveals how activism profoundly shapes popular cultural forms. For students and scholars of social change and those seeking to counter reactionary efforts to turn back the clock on social equality and justice, the new edition of The Art of Protest will be both informative and inspiring.

Inclusivity and Equality in Performance Training

Author : Petronilla Whitfield
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000461572
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Inclusivity and Equality in Performance Training by : Petronilla Whitfield

Download or read book Inclusivity and Equality in Performance Training written by Petronilla Whitfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusivity and Equality in Performance Training focuses on neuro and physical difference and dis/ability in the teaching of performance and associated studies. It offers 19 practitioners’ research-based teaching strategies, aimed to enhance equality of opportunity and individual abilities in performance education. Challenging ableist models of teaching, the 16 chapters address the barriers that can undermine those with dis/ability or difference, highlighting how equality of opportunity can increase innovation and enrich the creative work. Key features include: Descriptions of teaching interventions, research, and exploratory practice to identify and support the needs and abilities of the individual with dis/ability or difference Experiences of practitioners working with professional actors with dis/ability or difference, with a dissemination of methods to enable the actors A critical analysis of pedagogy in performance training environments; how neuro and physical diversity are positioned within the cultural contexts and practices Equitable teaching and learning practices for individuals in a variety of areas, such as: dyslexia, dyspraxia, visual or hearing impairment, learning and physical dis/abilities, wheelchair users, aphantasia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum. The chapter contents originate from practitioners in the UK, USA and Australia working in actor training conservatoires, drama university courses, youth training groups and professional performance, encompassing a range of specialist fields, such as voice, movement, acting, Shakespeare, digital technology, contemporary live art and creative writing. Inclusivity and Equality in Performance Training is a vital resource for teachers, directors, performers, researchers and students who have an interest in investigatory practice towards developing emancipatory pedagogies within performance education.

Degrees of Equality

Author : John Frederick Bell
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807177849
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Degrees of Equality by : John Frederick Bell

Download or read book Degrees of Equality written by John Frederick Bell and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the New Scholar’s Book Award from the American Educational Research Association The abolitionist movement not only helped bring an end to slavery in the United States but also inspired the large-scale admission of African Americans to the country’s colleges and universities. Oberlin College changed the face of American higher education in 1835 when it began enrolling students irrespective of race and sex. Camaraderie among races flourished at the Ohio institution and at two other leading abolitionist colleges, Berea in Kentucky and New York Central, where Black and white students allied in the fight for emancipation and civil rights. After Reconstruction, however, color lines emerged on even the most progressive campuses. For new generations of white students and faculty, ideas of fairness toward African Americans rarely extended beyond tolerating their presence in the classroom, and overt acts of racial discrimination grew increasingly common by the 1880s. John Frederick Bell’s Degrees of Equality analyzes the trajectory of interracial reform at Oberlin, New York Central, and Berea, noting its implications for the progress of racial justice in both the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries. Drawing on student and alumni writings, institutional records, and promotional materials, Bell interrogates how abolitionists and their successors put their principles into practice. The ultimate failure of these social experiments illustrates a tragic irony of abolitionism, as the achievement of African American freedom and citizenship led whites to divest from the project of racial pluralism.