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Are The Gaps In Labour Market Outcomes Between Immigrants And Their Canadian Born Counterparts Starting To Close
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Book Synopsis Are the Gaps in Labour Market Outcomes Between Immigrants and Their Canadian-born Counterparts Starting to Close? by : Eden Crossman
Download or read book Are the Gaps in Labour Market Outcomes Between Immigrants and Their Canadian-born Counterparts Starting to Close? written by Eden Crossman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Immigrants and the Labour Force by : Ravi Pendakur
Download or read book Immigrants and the Labour Force written by Ravi Pendakur and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2000-07-31 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First, Canada's primary source for immigrants has shifted dramatically from the United Kingdom and Europe to countries outside Europe. Second there has been a remarkable transformation in the nature of work: Canada's economy has changed from relying on resource extraction to an emphasis on manufacturing, and presently is emerging as post-industrial and knowledge-based. Pendakur combines an analysis of parliamentary debates on immigration issues with an evaluation of the regulatory and policy changes that resulted from these discussions and an analysis of how the work of immigrants changed over a five-decade. He then provides both a political and quantitative analysis by looking at issues that affect not only immigrants but minorities born in Canada in order to assess the degree to which labour market discrimination exists and whether employment equity programs are needed.
Book Synopsis Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes in Canada by : Dawn Desjardins
Download or read book Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes in Canada written by Dawn Desjardins and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Do Highly Educated Immigrants Perform Differently in the Canadian and U.S. Labour Markets? by : Aneta Bonikowska
Download or read book Do Highly Educated Immigrants Perform Differently in the Canadian and U.S. Labour Markets? written by Aneta Bonikowska and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The goal of this paper is to determine whether highly educated recent immigrants to Canada have fared as well economically as their counterparts entering the U.S., in light of the significant rise in the number of highly educated immigrants entering Canada. This study asks how economic outcomes at entry for the highly skilled have changed in the two countries over the last quarter-century (1980 to 2005). It further asks whether changes in the standard observable background characteristics of entering immigrants can account for the outcome trends documented in this study. Two economic outcome measures are used: the mean relative (to domestic-born) entry wages of highly educated new immigrants (i.e., the wage gap at entry); and the university wage premium, (defined as the difference between the wages of university-educated and high-schooleducated). Both unadjusted and adjusted (controlling for changes in observable characteristics across successive cohorts) estimates of these outcomes are produced."--Document.
Book Synopsis Native-born-immigrant Wage Gap Revisited by : Yigit Aydede
Download or read book Native-born-immigrant Wage Gap Revisited written by Yigit Aydede and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most studies investigating the poor earnings performance of immigrants implicitly assume that human capital endowments determine actual earnings, and that immigrant-nativeborn wage gaps can be analyzed in terms of those earnings. In this study we claim that this assumption is not validated by evidence and that wage gaps should be analyzed by examining earning potentials rather than actual wages that are also influenced by market imperfections. We apply a two-tier stochastic wage frontier, which allows us to separate potential wage earnings from actual wage earnings and to identify how much of the observed wage gap between immigrant and native-born workers in Canada is attributable to departures from their potential wage earnings due to imperfect information on the demand and supply side of labour markets. Using the 2006 population census data, our results suggest that, although the ethnic background plays an important role in determining the observed wage, a significant part of the wage gap between immigrants and native-born workers is not driven by worker and employer imperfect information, but by differences in human capital endowments.
Book Synopsis Foreign-Born Vs Native-Born Canadians by : Zhengxi Lin
Download or read book Foreign-Born Vs Native-Born Canadians written by Zhengxi Lin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the inter-provincial labor mobility behavior of immigrants relative to that of native-born Canadians. Foreign-born Canadians differ a great deal from their domestically-born counterparts. The foreign-born population is geographically concentrated in a few provinces and a few big cities. As a whole, they are older, better educated, more likely to be married, and more likely to have dependent children and bigger households. They are less active in participating in full-time education and training. They fare relatively better in the labor market. As a result, a higher proportion of them receive social security benefits that are directly tied to the presence of dependent children or age such as family allowance benefits and pension income, but a lower proportion receive benefits that are related to labor market performance such as employment insurance benefits and social assistance benefits. As a whole, immigrants are relatively less mobile inter-provincially. This is true both nationally and across almost every province. Among those who move to other provinces, destinations for foreign-born migrants are highly geographically concentrated. Most of them make their new homes in Alberta, Ontario and British Columbia. A significantly lower proportion of them relocate to other provinces for economic considerations, but a much higher proportion move to go to school or after retirement. Earnings return to their inter-provincial migration is significantly more substantial. This is the result of both wage increase and more hours of work after migration. Multi-variate regression results show that there are no statistically significant structural differences in the determinants of inter-provincial migration decisions between comparable foreign- and native-born Canadians. The probability of moving to other provinces, for immigrants as well as for domestically-born Canadians, is higher if earnings potentials elsewhere are relatively higher, lower if it is relatively harder to find employment elsewhere, higher among better educated workers, lower among French-speaking Canadians, lower among union members, and decreases with age, family size and job tenure. None of the proxies for government's labor market interventions significantly affect the decision to move inter-provincially. The lower mobility rates among the foreign-born are fully attributable to distributional and compositional differences between the immigrant and non-immigrant populations. These findings have a direct policy implication on immigration selection. To encourage population and labor force growth in economically less prosperous provinces, one might consider amending the current immigration selection and approval system, considering intended destinations as an additional factor and awarding additional points to applicants who choose designated provinces to settle upon arrival.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309444454 Total Pages :643 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Book Synopsis The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes by : W. G. Picot
Download or read book The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes written by W. G. Picot and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of both rising low- income rates among immigrants, and their increasing share of the population, in Canada's major cities virtually all of the increase in the city low-income rates during the 1990s was concentrated among the immigrant population. [...] The change in the characteristics of immigrants (e.g., from different source regions, rising levels of educational attainment, etc.) appears to have accounted for about one-third of the increase in the earnings gap at entry (i.e., the gap between immigrants and comparable Canadian- born). [...] The earnings of the immigrants in each cohort are computed (as a proportion of the earnings of the Canadian-born) for the cohort after one to five years in Canada, six to ten years in Canada, and so on. [...] Among men, the cohort of the late 1970s earned 90% of that of the Canadian-born at entry3 and among the early 1990s cohort, this number had fallen to 67%. [...] This is typically done within a regression format that computes the log of the ratio of the earnings of immigrants to those of the Canadian-born.
Author :Joel Clodman Publisher :Downsview, Ont. : York University, Institute for Behavioural Research ISBN 13 : Total Pages :200 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Immigration and Unemployment by : Joel Clodman
Download or read book Immigration and Unemployment written by Joel Clodman and published by Downsview, Ont. : York University, Institute for Behavioural Research. This book was released on 1982 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Canadian Immigration Policy and Immigrant Economic Outcomes by : W. G. Picot
Download or read book Canadian Immigration Policy and Immigrant Economic Outcomes written by W. G. Picot and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrants to Canada enjoy labour market outcomes that are more favourable than those for their counterparts in Sweden. In an effort to understand these gaps, Canada's immigration policy and outcomes are contrasted to the Swedish immigration experience. The nature of immigration and structural differences involving the domestic labour markets are hypothesized to provide plausible explanations for at least some of the gap. Additionally, there are dynamic issues related to, for instance, the timing of immigrant entry with respect to the business cycle, and changes in the rates of immigration flows, that may have some impact on labour market outcomes and explain some short- to medium-term aspects of the gap in outcomes. On the other hand, common trends are also observed; both unemployment and earnings outcomes among entering immigrants have deteriorated significantly in Canada since the 1980s, as they have in many western countries including Sweden.
Book Synopsis Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes in Canada by :
Download or read book Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes in Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well recognized that immigrants to Canada have higher unemployment rates and lower wages than Canadian-born workers. This report provides an estimate of the size of the aggregate immigrant earnings gap, accounting for immigrants' stronger profile of observable characteristics, and discusses possible reasons for immigrants' poorer labour market outcomes. The research to this point suggests that gaps may be due to both genuine skill differences between immigrants and Canadian-born workers, and labour market inefficiencies that prevent immigrants from making full use of their skills. In either case, there could be room to improve on immigrant outcomes through more extensive language training, faster credential recognition, or other integration initiatives. More rigorous evaluation of existing programs would also be helpful in understanding why gaps persist and how we can best address them.
Book Synopsis Earning Disparities Between Immigrants and Native-born Canadians by : Peter S. Li
Download or read book Earning Disparities Between Immigrants and Native-born Canadians written by Peter S. Li and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic contribution of immigrants is often measured by their earnings in that the closer they are to the earnings of native-born Canadians and the more quickly immigrants can bridge the income gap, the more immigrants are assumed to be endowed with human capital. Using microdata of the 1996 census, this paper compares immigrant groups with native-born Canadians of the same gender and racial origin at four levels of census metropolitan area defined by population size. The findings indicate that immigrants of the same gender and racial origin earned either the same or more than their native-born counterparts. However, when variations in human capital, experience, and other individual differences in work-related characteristics and immigrant experience are taken into account, along with differences in urban scale, immigrant population size and unemployment rate, all immigrant groups earned less than their native-born counterparts. The magnitude of net earning disparities between immigrants and native-born Canadians varies, depending on gender, racial origin and less so on CMA level. The study suggests that many factors, including unequal opportunities, affect the earnings of immigrants, and that the assumption of immigrants' inferior human capital content inferred from earning disparities is tenuous at best.
Book Synopsis Postsecondary Field of Study and the Canadian Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrants and Non-immigrants by : Arthur Sweetman
Download or read book Postsecondary Field of Study and the Canadian Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrants and Non-immigrants written by Arthur Sweetman and published by Analytical Studies, Statistics Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Immigration on the Labour Market Outcomes of Native-born Canadians by : Jiong Tu
Download or read book The Impact of Immigration on the Labour Market Outcomes of Native-born Canadians written by Jiong Tu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although immigration has become a major growth factor for Canadian labour force, there is little economic research on the effect of immigration on native-born Canadians' labour market performance. This paper examines the relationship between changes in the share of immigrants by sub-labour markets (categorized by skill types and geographic areas) and changes in native wage growth by a two-stage regression analysis, using 1991, 1996 and 2001 Canadian Census microdata. After accounting for biases due to native mobility, endogenous location of immigrants and labour demand shifts, the estimated effects of immigration are consistently insignificant or significantly positive. The results are robust over various specifications of sub-labour markets at city, provincial and national levels, suggesting no evidence for a negative impact on native wage growth rate from the large immigrant influx during the 1990s.
Book Synopsis A comparison of labour market outcomes of immigrants and the Canadian-born in 2006 by :
Download or read book A comparison of labour market outcomes of immigrants and the Canadian-born in 2006 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though these disparities have been widely studied, more attention to the geographic variation of the labour market outcomes is warranted as the labour market position of immigrants and the Canadian-born differ across geographies; therefore, the comparison should be made in the Canadian economy but also in the context of regional and local economies. [...] This paper compares the labour market outcomes, specifically the participation and unemployment rate, and the median incomes, of immigrants and their Canadian-born counterparts using the 2006 Census data at the national and provincial levels, and across the ten largest immigrant-receiving census metropolitan areas (CMAs). [...] According to King (2009), university-educated immigrant earnings reached a 75.5 percent of the earnings of the Canadian-born in 2005, an indication that the deterioration of earnings was not a phenomenon confined to the 1980s and 1990s. [...] As the main interest for the analysis is the labour market outcomes, only immigrants and the Canadian-born population over the age of 15 - those who are able to participate in the labour force - are studied. [...] Census Metropolitan Areas Comparisons In 2006, the immigrant population in Toronto that was over the age of 15 outnumbered the Canadian-born population, while a significant number of immigrants were able to participate in the labour force in Vancouver and Montreal.
Book Synopsis Will They Ever Converge? [electronic Resource] : Earnings of Immigrant and Canadian-born Workers Over the Last Two Decades by : Frenette, Marc
Download or read book Will They Ever Converge? [electronic Resource] : Earnings of Immigrant and Canadian-born Workers Over the Last Two Decades written by Frenette, Marc and published by Statistics Canada. This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :W. G. Picot Publisher :Statistics Canada, Business and Labour Market Analysis Division ISBN 13 :9780662370499 Total Pages :23 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (74 download)
Book Synopsis The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes by : W. G. Picot
Download or read book The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes written by W. G. Picot and published by Statistics Canada, Business and Labour Market Analysis Division. This book was released on 2004 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the increase in the earnings gap between immigrants and Canadian-born over the past two decades, and the current explanations of this labour market deterioration among recent immigrants in particular.
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