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Aquatic Ecosystem Response To Late Pleistocene And Holocene Climate Variations
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Book Synopsis Aquatic Ecosystem Response to Late Pleistocene and Holocene Climate Variations by : Sarah Hembrow
Download or read book Aquatic Ecosystem Response to Late Pleistocene and Holocene Climate Variations written by Sarah Hembrow and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High resolution palaeoecological data is a valuable tool to determine past climate variability and ecological responses. This thesis examined the aquatic community response of three lakes on Fraser Island using biological and geochemical records for the last 18,000 years. The lake records demonstrate a trend of decreasing precipitation throughout the late Holocene, with increased climatic variability represented by episodic events. From these records, a more detailed knowledge of climate change in eastern Australia during the Holocene has been identified.
Book Synopsis Late Pleistocene and Holocene Environmental Change on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington by : Daniel G. Gavin
Download or read book Late Pleistocene and Holocene Environmental Change on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington written by Daniel G. Gavin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study brings together decades of research on the modern natural environment of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, reviews past research on paleoenvironmental change since the Late Pleistocene, and finally presents paleoecological records of changing forest composition and fire over the last 14,000 years. The focus of this study is on the authors’ studies of five pollen records from the Olympic Peninsula. Maps and other data graphics are used extensively. Paleoecology can effectively address some of these challenges we face in understanding the biotic response to climate change and other agents of change in ecosystems. First, species responses to climate change are mediated by changing disturbance regimes. Second, biotic hotspots today suggest a long-term maintenance of diversity in an area, and researchers approach the maintenance of diversity from a wide range and angles (CITE). Mountain regions may maintain biodiversity through significant climate change in ‘refugia’: locations where components of diversity retreat to and expand from during periods of unfavorable climate (Keppel et al., 2012). Paleoecological studies can describe the context for which biodiversity persisted through time climate refugia. Third, the paleoecological approach is especially suited for long-lived organisms. For example, a tree species that may typically reach reproductive sizes only after 50 years and remain fertile for 300 years, will experience only 30 to 200 generations since colonizing a location after Holocene warming about 11,000 years ago. Thus, by summarizing community change through multiple generations and natural disturbance events, paleoecological studies can examine the resilience of ecosystems to disturbances in the past, showing how many ecosystems recover quickly while others may not (Willis et al., 2010).
Book Synopsis North Pacific Environment and Paleoclimate from the Late Pleistocene to Present by : Miriam Jones
Download or read book North Pacific Environment and Paleoclimate from the Late Pleistocene to Present written by Miriam Jones and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast area of the North Pacific, spanning ~55˚ longitude, represents a challenge for documenting and understanding the geologic history of ocean, atmosphere, and terrestrial environmental change. Nevertheless, its importance for many issues, including our fundamental understanding of ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns and teleconnections with natural modes of climate variability through time, has led to a steady rise in the numbers of study sites and proxy types. By bringing together a wide range of proxies and timescales that examine the impacts of paleoclimate on ecosystems, water, carbon, and humans, and interactions between marine and terrestrial processes, this Research Topic contributes to an improved understanding of the region’s significance at global, hemispheric, and regional scales.
Book Synopsis Holocene Climate Change and Environment by : Navnith Kumaran
Download or read book Holocene Climate Change and Environment written by Navnith Kumaran and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holocene Climate Change and Environment presents detailed, diverse case studies from a range of environmental and geological regions on the Indian subcontinent which occupies the central part of the monsoon domain. This book examines Holocene events at different time intervals based on a new, high-resolution, multi-proxy records (pollen, spores, NPP, diatoms, grain size characteristics, total organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio, stable isotopes) and other physical tools from all regions of India. It also covers new facilities in chronological study and luminescence dating, which have added a new dimension toward understanding the Holocene glacial retreats evolution of coastal landforms, landscape dynamics and human evolution. Each chapter is presented with a unified structure for ease of access and application, including an introduction, geographic details, field work and sampling techniques, methods, results and discussion. This detailed examination of such an important region provides key insights in climate modeling and global prediction systems. Provides data and research from environmentally and geologically diverse regions across the Indian subcontinent Presents an integrated and interdisciplinary approach, including considerations of human impacts Features detailed case studies that include methods and data, allowing for applications related to research and global modeling
Book Synopsis Quaternary Environmental Change in the Tropics by : Sarah E. Metcalfe
Download or read book Quaternary Environmental Change in the Tropics written by Sarah E. Metcalfe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-24 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global climate changes that led to the expansion and contraction of high latitude ice sheets during the Quaternary period were associated with equally dramatic changes in tropical environments. These included shifts in vegetation zones, changes in the hydrology and ecology of lakes and rivers, and fluctuations in the size of mountain glaciers and sandy deserts. Until recently it was thought that such changes were triggered by fluctuations in the distribution of polar ice cover. Now there is increasing recognition that the tropics themselves have acted as drivers of global climate change over a range of timescales. The aim of Quaternary Environmental Change in the Tropics is to provide a synthesis of the changes that occurred in tropical terrestrial and marine systems during the Pleistocene and Holocene, complementing data-derived reconstructions with output from state-of-the-art climate models. It is targeted at final-year undergraduate students and research specialists, but will provide an introduction to tropical Quaternary research for a variety of other readers.
Book Synopsis Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin by : The BACC II Author Team
Download or read book Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by The BACC II Author Team and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
Book Synopsis Climate Changes during the Holocene and their Impact on Hydrological Systems by : Arie S. Issar
Download or read book Climate Changes during the Holocene and their Impact on Hydrological Systems written by Arie S. Issar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-05 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive review of the effects of climate variability on hydrological and human systems in the Holocene (last 10, 000 years), with a view to predicting similar effects in the future. It will be of value to researchers and professionals in hydrology, climatology, geology and historical geography.
Book Synopsis Response of Upper Gulf Coast Estuaries to Holocene Climate Change and Sea-level Rise by : John B. Anderson
Download or read book Response of Upper Gulf Coast Estuaries to Holocene Climate Change and Sea-level Rise written by John B. Anderson and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main impacts of global warming is accelerated sea-level rise: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predictions suggest that the rate of rise could reach as high as 5'10 mm/yr by the end of this century. While it is generally recognized that accelerated sea-level rise will severely impact low-gradient coastlines, scientists are still ill prepared to predict coastal response. A study of seven Gulf Coast estuaries (Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, Weeks Bay, Calcasieu Lake, Sabine Lake, Galveston Bay, Matagorda Bay, and Corpus Christi Bay) was aimed at examining their response to past changes in the rate of sea-level rise and climate. The rates of change are of the same magnitude as those predicted for this century. The estuarine response to change has been one of abrupt landward retreat and major reorganization of estuarine environments at decadal time scales. This book should be of interest to scientists and policy makers concerned with future impacts of global warming.
Book Synopsis Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments by : John P. Smol
Download or read book Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments written by John P. Smol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third volume in the Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research series deals with the major terrestrial, algal, and siliceous indicators used in paleolimnology. Other volumes deal with the acquisition and archiving of lake sediment cores, chronological techniques, and large-scale basin analysis methods (Volume 1), physical and geochemical parameters and methods (Volume 2), zoological techniques (Volume 4), and statistical and data handling methods (Volume 5). These monographs will provide sufficient detail and breadth to be useful handbooks for both seasoned practitioners as well as newcomers to the area of paleolimnology. Although the chapters in these volumes target mainly lacustrine settings, many of the techniques described can also be readily applied to fluvial, glacial, marine, estuarine, and peatland environments.
Book Synopsis Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response at Long-term Ecological Research Sites by : David Greenland
Download or read book Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response at Long-term Ecological Research Sites written by David Greenland and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the work that has been done and the understanding and database that have been developed by work on climate change done at the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites. This book pulls together information from all 20 research sites.
Book Synopsis A 55,000 Year History of California Plant Community and Ecological Response to Climate by : Jessie George
Download or read book A 55,000 Year History of California Plant Community and Ecological Response to Climate written by Jessie George and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant macrofossils can be powerful proxies for environmental change, but their preservation in the fossil record does not always allow for long-term reconstructions. The La Brea Tar Pits are unique not just for the sheer abundance of fossils they preserve from the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, but also for the particular taphonomic conditions that allow for continuous preservation of an ecologically diverse fossil assemblage across a 55 ka timespan (Chester Stock, 1992). This proves especially valuable in the Mediterranean region of coastal Southern California, where long-term terrestrial records are spatially scarce (Glover et al., 2020; Kirby et al., 2018). Hydrocarbon preservation of cellulose and lignin allows for the preservation of plant macrofossils (fossils visible with the naked-eye and identifiable using low-magnification microscopy) which have the potential to provide species specific data on plant presence through time (S. T. Jackson et al., 1997). Rich ecological data through the Late Pleistocene and Holocene provides much needed information on how plant communities were responding during a climatically active time of glacial growth and decline, and millennial-scale shifts in atmospheric and sea surface temperatures (SST), as well as important environmental context for development and the extinction of Ice Age megafauna and migration of human populations (Barnosky et al., 2017; Meltzer, 2020).This dissertation explores the viability of La Brea Tar Pit plant macrofossils as environmental and plant community proxies. Through active seep observation and exploration of taphonomic processes of plant deposition in modern hydrocarbon seeps, multi-method approaches to identification, and direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of preserved plant material, this project constructs a high taxonomic resolution, 55 ka long, record of vegetation change for the Los Angeles Basin. This dissertation finds plant material deposition in asphalt seeps to be highly localized and representative of flora fruiting in warmer months. Through the La Brea Tar Pits vegetation record we have found species response in the Los Angeles Basin to be sensitive to climatic changes driven by orbital forcings, and potentially variations in the Northeast Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. Substantial changes in the flora and vegetation cover are recorded in the LBTP record and some of these shifts are contemporaneous with local extinction of mega-fauna both during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene (Marine Isotope Stages MIS2 to MIS1 - ~12 ka) and in the earlier Pleistocene. The disappearance of large-bodied herbivores at the start of the Holocene, coupled with increased fires, possible increasing in frequency due to the arrival of humans, potentially also played a role in the vegetation changes observed, most notably the extirpation of juniper from the Los Angeles Basin. This local-scale record of environmental shifts from the Late Pleistocene into the Holocene at the LBTP's provides a dynamic baseline of plant species presence for future environmental and ecological studies of paleo-coastal Southern California, and possibly assessing the sensitivity of current vegetation to ongoing and future climatic changes.
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Light in Aquatic Ecosystems: Variability & Ecological Consequences by : Patrick J. Neale
Download or read book Climate Change and Light in Aquatic Ecosystems: Variability & Ecological Consequences written by Patrick J. Neale and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-08 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water, Environment and Society in Times of Climatic Change by : Arie S. Issar
Download or read book Water, Environment and Society in Times of Climatic Change written by Arie S. Issar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the greenhouse effect emerged as a predictable threat, necessitating the evalu ation of its future impact on the environment in the various parts of the globe, interest in the climate changes during the Holocene has gained momentum. The background can be summarized by the sentence: The past is a key to the future. As a matter of fact, this sentence is in the opposite direction, on the dimension of time, to the principle adopted by the founders of the science of geology. They proposed that geological processes in the present should be used as a key for understanding the past. Another reason for the interest in the history of the climate of the Holocene can be described as the renaissance of a modified deterministic approach to the inter relation between physical and human geography. This relates in the first place to the fact that various investigations, especially as carried out by Hubert Lamb, showed that the sequence of climate changes previously suggested by Blytt and Sernander for Europe and adopted by most Holocene climatologists was far too general, and that there were more climate changes during recent history than previously taken account of. In the second place it was found out that these changes had had an impact on the history of human communities. Thus, one can conclude that once the taboo on geographical determinism (i. e.
Book Synopsis Late Pleistocene and Holocene Hydroclimate Change in the Southeastern United States by : James Joseph Kocis
Download or read book Late Pleistocene and Holocene Hydroclimate Change in the Southeastern United States written by James Joseph Kocis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to understand hydroclimate variability of future climate change, it is important to know the timing and range of natural climate change in the past. The Southeastern United States (SE) is situated along the poleward extent of projected subtropical drying, where the expression of past hydrological balances remains unclear. The lack of high-resolution paleohydroclimate records in the SE forces climate modelers to base interpretations on better-understood regions of North America. The SE likely experienced significant changes in precipitation regimes resulting from its position at the convergence of several oceanic and continental air masses. To reconstruct precipitation variability, this study examines multiple floodplains along the Tennessee River as hydroclimate proxy archives in the SE. Changes in precipitation balances are interpreted from high-resolution trends in sedimentary, pedogenic, and stable carbon datasets that span the last 14 ka BP (kiloannum before present). Variation in overbank sedimentation, identified from grain-size trends indicate precipitation increased from 11.0-8.0 ka BP. During this pluvial interval, stable carbon isotope values of soil organic matter in floodplain paleosols show negative excursions (~1.0-1.5 permil) from average modern values. A period of aridity, evident from an overall excursion to less negative stable carbon isotope values, increased abundance of fine-grain sizes, and increased paleosol development occurs between 8.0-5.0 ka BP. Most notably, the transition out of the mid-Holocene (~5.0 ka BP) is marked by an abrupt change to more negative carbon isotope values (~1.5 permil). Wavelet analysis of composite sedimentary and stable carbon isotope data time series indicate statistically significant (p[less than or equal to]0.1) 200- to 500-yr and ~1000-yr periodicities. Periods of aridity in the SE are correlated with the eastward intensification of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH). Pluvial conditions result from the westward intensification of the NASH. The timing of wet and dry periods recorded by floodplain paleosol is in agreement with the onset and frequency of such changes observed in regional records. The floodplain datasets presented here provide the first long-term record of the onset and duration of centennial-scale changes in precipitation that occurred during the late Pleistocene and Holocene in the SE.
Book Synopsis Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management by : John A. Wiens
Download or read book Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management written by John A. Wiens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In North America, concepts of Historical Range of Variability are being employed in land-management planning for properties of private organizations and multiple government agencies. The National Park Service, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, and The Nature Conservancy all include elements of historical ecology in their planning processes. Similar approaches are part of land management and conservation in Europe and Australia. Each of these user groups must struggle with the added complication of rapid climate change, rapid land-use change, and technical issues in order to employ historical ecology effectively. Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management explores the utility of historical ecology in a management and conservation context and the development of concepts related to understanding future ranges of variability. It provides guidance and insights to all those entrusted with managing and conserving natural resources: land-use planners, ecologists, fire scientists, natural resource policy makers, conservation biologists, refuge and preserve managers, and field practitioners. The book will be particularly timely as science-based management is once again emphasized in United States federal land management and as an understanding of the potential effects of climate change becomes more widespread among resource managers. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/wiens/historicalenvironmentalvariation.
Book Synopsis The Physical Geography of Northern Eurasia by : Maria Shahgedanova
Download or read book The Physical Geography of Northern Eurasia written by Maria Shahgedanova and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third volume in The Oxford Regional Environments series. The series volumes are devoted to major regions of the world, each presenting a detailed and up-to-date body of scientific knowledge concerning a particular region. For most topics on the physical geography of Northern Eurasia abundant literature now exists. Most of it, however, is in Russian and other East European languages and this has significantly limited the number of potential readers. This volume seeks to familiarize, at an international level, those with an interest in this area with the most significant achievements in classical and current geographical research. The Physical Geography of Northern Eurasia covers most of the territory of the former USSR. The first section discusses the individual compenents of the physical environment. These chapters cut across regional boundaries and treate the area discussed as a whole. A regional analysis follows mainly in the context of geographical zonation, though a number of specific regions are given individual treatment. The concluding chapters discuss the effects of anthropogenic activities on the physical environment. The approach is an integrative one, tying together various aspects of the physical environments with the environmental implications of human activites. Every component of the environment is treated as a step in the development of the multi-faceted landscapes which in turn provide possibilities and limitations for cultural and economic usage.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Wetland Archaeology by : Francesco Menotti
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Wetland Archaeology written by Francesco Menotti and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook sets out the key issues and debates in the theory and practice of wetland archaeology which has played a crucial role in studies of our past. Due to the high quantity of preserved organic materials found in humid environments, the study of wetlands has allowed archaeologists to reconstruct people's everyday lives in great detail.
