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Applications Of The Thermolytic Molecular Precursor Method In The Syntheses Of Site Isolated Heterogeneous Catalysts
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Book Synopsis Applications of the Thermolytic Molecular Precursor Method in the Syntheses of Site-isolated Heterogeneous Catalysts by : Daniel Anthony Ruddy
Download or read book Applications of the Thermolytic Molecular Precursor Method in the Syntheses of Site-isolated Heterogeneous Catalysts written by Daniel Anthony Ruddy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Site-Isolated Heterogeneous Transition Metal Expoxidation Catalysts Prepared Via the Thermolytic Molecular Precursor Method by : Paul Joseph Cordeiro
Download or read book Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Site-Isolated Heterogeneous Transition Metal Expoxidation Catalysts Prepared Via the Thermolytic Molecular Precursor Method written by Paul Joseph Cordeiro and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the application of the thermolytic molecular precursor (TMP) method for the synthesis of new heterogeneous catalysts and the performance of these catalysts in the epoxidation of olefins with simple peroxides. The precursors used in this method include complexes of the form LnM[OE(X)3]m, where Ln = OiPr, E = Si or Ge, X = iPr or OtBu, and M = Ti(IV) or Ta(V). These precursors were employed to introduce site-isolated metal centers onto the surface of mesoporous silica (SBA-15), and represent excellent models for the supported metal sites generated. The precursors and materials were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques, and structural comparisons are presented. Surface modification has been used to introduce new functionalities designed to enhance the catalytic activity of two types of supported catalysts, and the effect of the new functionalities was explored. Additionally, a new precursor containing some of these new functionalities has been synthesized and employed to generate new catalytic materials. Site-isolated Ta(V) centers were introduced onto the surface of a mesoporous SBA-15 support via the thermolytic molecular precursor method. After treatment in oxygen, the resulting Si-OH and Ta-OH sites of TaSBA15-O2 were modified with a series of trimethyl group 14 species, Me3E-, by treatment with Me3E-NMe2 (E = Si, Ge, Sn) reagents. The surface modified catalysts, (Me3E)capTaSBA15, exhibit a significantly increased rate of cyclohexene epoxidation with H2O2 as an oxidant, and a decreased amount of allylic oxidation products with respect to the unmodified material, TaSBA15-O2. The rate of non-productive H2O2 decomposition, as monitored via 1H NMR spectroscopy, significantly decreased after the surface modification. The structure of the TaSBA15 catalysts and potential Ta(V) epoxidation intermediates (formed upon treatment of Ta(V) materials with H2O2) were probed using UV-visible absorbance and diffuse-reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy. A Ta(V)([eta]2-O2) intermediate species is proposed for the TaSBA15-O2, (Me3Si)capTaSBA15, and (Me3Ge)capTaSBA15 catalysts, while intermediate species for the (Me3Sn)capTaSBA15 catalysts could not be characterized. The thermolytic molecular precursor method was used to introduce site-isolated Ti(IV) centers onto the surface of a mesoporous SBA-15 support. Prior to thermal treatment to generate Ti-OH sites, residual silanol groups were capped via reaction with Me2N-SiMe3 to give TiMecapSBA15. After low-temperature treatment in oxygen, the resulting Ti-OH sites of TiMecapSBA15-O2 were modified by reaction with a series of protic reagents: phenol, pentafluorophenol, acetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid. The structure of the resulting TiSBA15 catalysts and the Ti(IV) epoxidation intermediates (formed upon treatment of Ti(IV) materials with tert-butyl hydroperoxide or H2O2) were probed using diffuse-reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. A titanium-hydroperoxo species similar to that found in TS-1 is proposed for all catalysts. Samples modified with phenol and pentafluorophenol exhibited conversions of 1-octene that are 20 to 50% higher than those for TiMecapSBA15-O2, without a significant drop in selectivity for the epoxide product, 1,2-epoxyoctane, when TBHP was used as the oxidant. With aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant, the phenol-treated materials exhibited 1-octene conversions that are 15 to 50% greater than those observed for TiMecapSBA15-O2, and an increased selectivity for 1,2-epoxyoctane of 10 to 30%. Additionally, the efficiency of H2O2 usage, as monitored via 1H NMR spectroscopy, increased by a factor of two to three for catalysts modified with phenol and pentafluorophenol, with respect to the efficiency observed over TiMecapSBA15-O2. Catalysts modified with acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid displayed decreased catalytic turnover numbers and epoxide selectivities when TBHP was used as the oxidant, but exhibited catalytic turnover numbers and epoxide selectivities similar to TiMecapSBA15-O2 when H2O2 was used as the oxidant. After treatment of TiMecapSBA15-O2 with acetic acid, the H2O2 efficiency decreased by a factor of two for the epoxidation of 1-octene with H2O2. The complex Ti[OGe(iPr)3]4 (1) was prepared via the reaction of Ti(OiPr)4 with (iPr)3GeOH, and is a useful structural and spectroscopic model for titanium-germanium species dispersed on silica. This precursor was used to introduce site-isolated Ti(IV) centers onto the surface of a mesoporous SBA-15 support via the thermolytic molecular precursor method. The supported materials, TiGe4SBA15, are active catalysts for the epoxidation of cyclic and terminal olefins with alkyl hydroperoxides under anhydrous conditions. Compared to catalysts synthesized from siloxide-only precursors (TiSi4SBA15), the new catalysts (TiGe4SBA15) displayed two to three times higher catalytic turnover numbers during identical cyclohexene and 1-octene epoxidation reactions, while simultaneously maintaining higher selectivity. The new materials did not significantly leach under these conditions, demonstrating the robustness of this new complex as a molecular precursor to supported titanium(IV) epoxidation catalysts.
Book Synopsis Design and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts and Catalyst Supports Derived from Thermolytic Molecular Precursors by : Richard Leo Brutchey
Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts and Catalyst Supports Derived from Thermolytic Molecular Precursors written by Richard Leo Brutchey and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis by : Mario G. Clerici
Download or read book Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Mario G. Clerici and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets the stage for environmentally friendly industrial organic syntheses From basic principles to new and emerging industrial applications, this book offers comprehensive coverage of heterogeneous liquid-phase selective oxidation catalysis. It fully examines the synthesis, characterization, and application of catalytic materials for environmentally friendly organic syntheses. Readers will find coverage of all the important classes of catalysts, with an emphasis on their stability and reusability. Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis features contributions from an international team of leading chemists representing both industry and academia. The book begins with a chapter on environmentally benign oxidants and then covers: Selective oxidations catalyzed by TS-1 and other metal-substituted zeolites Selective catalytic oxidation over ordered nanoporous metallo-aluminophosphates Selective oxidations catalyzed by mesoporous metal-silicates Liquid phase oxidation of organic compounds by supported metal-based catalysts Selective liquid phase oxidations in the presence of supported polyoxometalates Selective oxidations catalyzed by supported metal complexes Liquid phase oxidation of organic compounds by metal-organic frameworks Heterogeneous photocatalysis for selective oxidations with molecular oxygen All the chapters dedicated to specific types of catalysts follow a similar organization and structure, making it easy to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts. The final chapter examines the latest industrial applications, such as the production of catechol and hydroquinone, cyclohexanone oxime, and propylene oxide. With its unique focus on liquid phase heterogeneous oxidation catalysis, this book enables researchers in organic synthesis and oxidation catalysis to explore and develop promising new catalytic materials and synthetic routes for a broad range of industrial applications.
Book Synopsis Surface Organometallic Chemistry: Molecular Approaches to Surface Catalysis by : Jean-Marie Basset
Download or read book Surface Organometallic Chemistry: Molecular Approaches to Surface Catalysis written by Jean-Marie Basset and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface organometallic chemistry is a new field bringing together researchers from organometallic, inorganic, and surface chemistry and catalysis. Topics ranging from reaction mechanisms to catalyst preparation are considered from a molecular basis, according to which the "active site" on a catalyst surface has a supra-molecular character. This. the first book on the subject, is the outcome of a NATO Workshop held in Le Rouret. France, in May. 1986. It is our hope that the following chapters and the concluding summary of recommendations for research may help to provide a definition of surface organometallic chemistry. Besides catalysis. the central theme of the Workshop, four main topics are considered: 1) Reactions of organometallics with surfaces of metal oxides, metals. and zeolites; 2) Molecular models of surfaces, metal oxides, and metals; 3) Molecular approaches to the mechanisms of surface reactions; 4) Synthesis and modification of zeolites and related microporous solids. Most surface organometallic chemistry has been carried out on amorphous high-surf ace-area metal oxides such as silica. alumina. magnesia, and titania. The first chapter. contributed by KNOZINGER. gives a short summary of the structure and reactivity of metal oxide surfaces. Most of our understanding of these surfaces is based on acid base and redox chemistry; this chemistry has developed from X-ray and spectroscopic data, and much has been inferred from the structures and reactivities of adsorbed organic probe molecules. There are major opportunities for extending this understanding by use of well-defined (single crystal) oxide surfaces and organometallic probe molecules.
Book Synopsis Zinc Catalysis by : Stephan Enthaler
Download or read book Zinc Catalysis written by Stephan Enthaler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling the gap in the market for comprehensive coverage of this hot topic, this timely book covers a wide range of organic transformations, e. g. reductions of unsaturated compounds, oxidation reactions, Friedel-Crafts reactions, hydroamination reactions, depolymerizations, transformations of carbon dioxide, oxidative coupling reactions, as well as C-C, C-N, and C-O bond formation reactions. A chapter on the application of zinc catalysts in total synthesis is also included. With its aim of stimulating further research and discussion in the field, this is a valuable reference for professionals in academia and industry wishing to learn about the latest developments.
Book Synopsis Applications of Polymers by : Raymond Seymour
Download or read book Applications of Polymers written by Raymond Seymour and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural polymers, such as proteins, starch, cellulose, hevea rubber, and gum which have been available for centuries, have been applied as materials for food, leather, sizings, fibers, structures, waterproofing, and coatings. During the past century, the use of both natural and syn thetic polymers has been expanded to include more intricate applications, such as membranes, foams, medicinals, conductors, insulators, fibers, films, packaging and applications requiring high modulus at elevated temperatures. The topics in this symposium which are summarized in this book are illustrative of some of the myriad applications of these ubiquitous mater ials. As stated in forecast in the last chapter in this book, it is cer tain that revolutionary applications of polymers will occur during the next decades. Hopefully, information presented in other chapters in this book will catalyze some of these anticipated applications. It is appropriate that these reports were presented at an American Chemical Society Polymer Science and Engineering Division Award Symposium honoring Dr. O.A. Battista who has gratifying to note that Phillips Pet roleum Company, which has paved the way in applications of many new poly mers, is the sponsor of this important award. We are all cheerfully expressing our thanks to this corporate spon sor and to Distinguished Professor Raymond B. Seymour of the University of Southern Mississippi who served as the organizer of this symposium and editor of this important book.
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Book Synopsis Microelectronics Processing by : Dennis W. Hess
Download or read book Microelectronics Processing written by Dennis W. Hess and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical engineering principles are at the heart of solid state process technology, until now no reference volume addressing this relationship was available. This is the first book of its kind to tie fundamental engineering concepts to solid state process technology. Discussing the basic concepts involved--liquid-phase epitaxy, physical and chemical vapor deposition, diffusion and oxidation in silicon, resists in microlithography, etc.--this volume will be particularly useful in chemical engineering courses. It offers a framework within which specialized courses in microelectronics processing can be organized. In addition, it serves as a valuable reference source for all industrial engineers working with the individual process steps covered.
Book Synopsis Vanadium Catalysis by : Manas Sutradhar
Download or read book Vanadium Catalysis written by Manas Sutradhar and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vanadium is one of the more abundant elements in the Earth’s crust and exhibits a wide range of oxidation states in its compounds making it potentially a more sustainable and more economical choice as a catalyst than the noble metals. A wide variety of reactions have been found to be catalysed by homogeneous, supported and heterogeneous vanadium complexes and the number of applications is growing fast. Bringing together the research on the catalytic uses of this element into one essential resource, including theoretical perspectives on proposed mechanisms for vanadium catalysis and an overview of its relevance in biological processes, this book is a useful reference for industrial and academic chemists alike.
Book Synopsis Catalyst Preparation by : John Regalbuto
Download or read book Catalyst Preparation written by John Regalbuto and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text explores the optimization of catalytic materials through traditional and novel methods of catalyst preparation, characterization, and monitoring for oxides, supported metals, zeolites, and heteropolyacids. It focuses on the synthesis of bulk materials and of heterogeneous materials, particularly at the nanoscale. The final chapters examine pretreatment, drying, finishing effects, and future applications involving catalyst preparation and the technological advances necessary for continued progress. Topics also include heat and mass transfer limitations, computation methods for predicting properties, and catalyst monitoring on laboratory and industrial scales.
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology in Catalysis 3 by : Bing Zhou
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Catalysis 3 written by Bing Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-05 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume continues the tradition formed in Nanotechnology in Catalysis 1 and 2. As with those books, this one is based upon an ACS symposium. Some of the most illustrious names in heterogeneous catalysis are among the contributors. The book covers: Design, synthesis, and control of catalysts at nanoscale; understanding of catalytic reaction at nanometer scale; characterization of nanomaterials as catalysts; nanoparticle metal or metal oxides catalysts; nanomaterials as catalyst supports; new catalytic applications of nanomaterials.
Book Synopsis Olefin Polymerization by : Walter Kaminsky
Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.
Book Synopsis Principles and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis by : Guo-Qiang Lin
Download or read book Principles and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis written by Guo-Qiang Lin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-05-29 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asymmetric synthesis remains a challenge to practicing scientistsas the need for enantiomerically pure or enriched compoundscontinues to increase. Over the last decade, a large amount ofliterature has been published in this field. Principles andApplications of Asymmetric Synthesis consolidates and evaluates themost useful methodologies into a one-volume resource for theconvenience of practicing scientists and students. Authored by internationally renowned scientists in the field, thisreliable reference covers more than 450 reactions and includesimportant stoichiometric as well as catalytic asymmetric reactions.The first chapter reviews the basic principles, commonnomenclature, and analytical methods, and the remainder of the bookis organized according to reaction type. The text examines suchtopics as: Carbon-carbon bond formations involving carbonyls, enamines,imines, and enolates Asymmetric C-O bond formations including epoxidation,dihydroxylation, and aminohydroxylation Asymmetric synthesis using the Diels-Alder reaction and othercyclizations Applications to the total synthesis of natural products Use of enzymes in asymmetric synthesis Practicing chemists in the pharmaceutical, fine chemical, andagricultural professions as well as graduate students will findthat Principles and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis affordscomprehensive and current coverage.
Book Synopsis Nanocatalysis by : Vivek Polshettiwar
Download or read book Nanocatalysis written by Vivek Polshettiwar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exhibiting both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic properties, nanocatalysts allow for rapid and selective chemical transformations, with the benefits of excellent product yield and ease of catalyst separation and recovery. This book reviews the catalytic performance and the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts, examining the current state of the art and pointing the way towards new avenues of research. Moreover, the authors discuss new and emerging applications of nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis, from pharmaceuticals to fine chemicals to renewable energy to biotransformations. Nanocatalysis features contributions from leading research groups around the world. These contributions reflect a thorough review of the current literature as well as the authors’ first-hand experience designing and synthesizing nanocatalysts and developing new applications for them. The book’s nineteen chapters offer a broad perspective, covering: Nanocatalysis for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions Nanocatalysis for various organic transformations in fine chemical synthesis Nanocatalysis for oxidation, hydrogenation, and other related reactions Nanomaterial-based photocatalysis and biocatalysis Nanocatalysts to produce non-conventional energy such as hydrogen and biofuels Nanocatalysts and nano-biocatalysts in the chemical industry Readers will also learn about the latest spectroscopic and microscopy tools used in advanced characterization methods that shed new light on nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis. Moreover, the authors offer expert advice to help readers develop strategies to improve catalytic performance. Summarizing and reviewing all the most important advances in nanocatalysis over the last two decades, this book explains the many advantages of nanocatalysts over conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, providing the information and guidance needed for designing green, sustainable catalytic processes.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II by : J. A. McCleverty
Download or read book Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II written by J. A. McCleverty and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2003-12-03 with total page 11845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II (CCC II) is the sequel to what has become a classic in the field, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, published in 1987. CCC II builds on the first and surveys new developments authoritatively in over 200 newly comissioned chapters, with an emphasis on current trends in biology, materials science and other areas of contemporary scientific interest.
Book Synopsis Modern Surface Organometallic Chemistry by : Jean-Marie Basset
Download or read book Modern Surface Organometallic Chemistry written by Jean-Marie Basset and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-10 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering everything from the basics to recent applications, this monograph represents an advanced overview of the field. Edited by internationally acclaimed experts respected throughout the community, the book is clearly divided into sections on fundamental and applied surface organometallic chemistry. Backed by numerous examples from the recent literature, this is a key reference for all chemists.
