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Application Of Lidar Remote Sensing To The Estimation Of Forest Canopy And Stand Structure
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Book Synopsis Application of Lidar Remote Sensing to the Estimation of Forest Canopy and Stand Structure by : Michael Andrew Lefsky
Download or read book Application of Lidar Remote Sensing to the Estimation of Forest Canopy and Stand Structure written by Michael Andrew Lefsky and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning by : Matti Maltamo
Download or read book Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning written by Matti Maltamo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has emerged as one of the most promising remote sensing technologies to provide data for research and operational applications in a wide range of disciplines related to management of forest ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the research and application of ALS in a broad range of forest-related disciplines, especially forest inventory and forest ecology. However, this book is more than just a collection of individual contributions – it consists of a well-composed blend of chapters dealing with fundamental methodological issues and contributions reviewing and illustrating the use of ALS within various domains of application. The reviews provide a comprehensive and unique overview of recent research and applications that researchers, students and practitioners in forest remote sensing and forest ecosystem assessment should consider as a useful reference text.
Book Synopsis Lidar Remote Sensing Of Forest Canopy Structure by : Christopher Felix Hansen
Download or read book Lidar Remote Sensing Of Forest Canopy Structure written by Christopher Felix Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data can provide detailed information about three-dimensional forest horizontal and vertical structure that is important to forest productivity and wildlife habitat. Indeed, LiDAR data have been shown to provide accurate estimates to forest structural parameters and measures of higher trophic levels (e.g., avian abundance and diversity). However, links between forest structure and tree function have not been evaluated using LiDAR. This study was designed and scaled to assess the relationship of LiDAR to multiple aspects of forest structure and higher trophic levels (arthropod and bird populations), which included the ground-based collection of percent crown and understory closure, as well as arthropod and avian abundance and diversity data. Additional plot-based measures were added to assess the relationship of LiDAR to forest health and productivity. High-resolution discrete-return LiDAR data (flown summer of 2009) were acquired for the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire, USA. LiDAR data were classified into four canopy structural categories: 1) high crown and high understory closure, 2) high crown and low understory closure, 3) low crown and high understory closure, and 4) low crown and low understory closure. Nearby plots from each of the four LiDAR categories were grouped into "blocks" to assess the spatial consistency of data. Ground-based measures of forest canopy structure, site, stand and individual tree measures were collected on nine 50 m-plots from each LiDAR category (36 plots total), during summer of 2012. Analysis of variance was used to assess the relationships between LiDAR and a suite of tree function measures. Our results show the novel ability of LiDAR to assess forest health and productivity at the stand and individual tree level. We found significant correspondence between LiDAR categories and our ground-based measures of tree function, including xylem increment growth, foliar nutrition, crown health, and stand mortality. Furthermore, we found consistent reductions in xylem increment growth, decreases in foliar nutrition and crown health, and increases in stand mortality related to high understory closure. This suggests that LiDAR measures can reflect competitive interactions, not just among overstory trees for light, but also interactions between overstory trees and understory vegetation for resources other than light (e.g., nutrients). High-resolution LiDAR data show promise in the assessment of forest health and productivity related to tree function.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Forest Environments by : Michael A. Wulder
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Forest Environments written by Michael A. Wulder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Book Synopsis LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications by : Pinliang Dong
Download or read book LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications written by Pinliang Dong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideal for both undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of geography, forestry, ecology, geographic information science, remote sensing, and photogrammetric engineering, LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications expertly joins LiDAR principles, data processing basics, applications, and hands-on practices in one comprehensive source. The LiDAR data within this book is collected from 27 areas in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Ghana, and Haiti and includes 183 figures created to introduce the concepts, methods, and applications in a clear context. It provides 11 step-by-step projects predominately based on Esri’s ArcGIS software to support seamless integration of LiDAR products and other GIS data. The first six projects are for basic LiDAR data visualization and processing and the other five cover more advanced topics: from mapping gaps in mangrove forests in Everglades National Park, Florida to generating trend surfaces for rock layers in Raplee Ridge, Utah. Features Offers a comprehensive overview of LiDAR technology with numerous applications in geography, forestry and earth science Gives necessary theoretical foundations from all pertinent subject matter areas Uses case studies and best practices to point readers to tools and resources Provides a synthesis of ongoing research in the area of LiDAR remote sensing technology Includes carefully selected illustrations and data from the authors' research projects Before every project in the book, a link is provided for users to download data
Book Synopsis The Use of LiDAR in Multi-scale Forestry Applications by :
Download or read book The Use of LiDAR in Multi-scale Forestry Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest ecosystems are a significant faction of the Earth's landscape, and accurate estimates of forest structures are important for understanding and predicting how forest ecosystems respond to climate change and human activities. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology, an active remote sensing technology, can penetrate the forest canopy and greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of mapping forest structures, compared to traditional passive optical remote sensing and radar technologies. However, currently, LiDAR has two major weaknesses, the lack of spectral information and the limited spatial coverage. These weaknesses have limited its accuracy in certain forestry applications (e.g., vegetation mapping) and its application in large-scale forest structure mapping. The aim of research described in this dissertation is to develop data fusion algorithms to address these limitations. In this dissertation, the effectiveness of LiDAR in estimating forest structures and therefore monitoring forest dynamics is first compared with aerial imagery by detecting forest fuel treatment activities at the local scale. Then, a vegetation mapping algorithm is developed based on the fusion of LiDAR data and aerial imagery. This algorithm can automatically determine the optimized number of vegetation units in a forest and take both the vegetation species and vegetation structure characteristics into account in classifying the vegetation types. To extend the use of LiDAR in mapping forest structures in areas without LiDAR coverage, a data fusion algorithm is proposed to map fine-resolution tree height from airborne LiDAR, spaceborne LiDAR, optical imagery and radar data in regional scale. Finally, this dissertation further investigates the methodology to integrate spaceborne LiDAR, optical imagery, radar data and climate surfaces for the purpose of mapping national- to global-scale forest aboveground biomass. The proposed data fusion algorithms and the generated regional to global forest structure parameters will have important applications in ecological and hydrologic studies and forest management.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Forest Structure Parameters and Their Changes from LiDAR Data and Satellite Imagery in the Sierra Nevada by : Qin Ma
Download or read book Quantifying Forest Structure Parameters and Their Changes from LiDAR Data and Satellite Imagery in the Sierra Nevada written by Qin Ma and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sierra Nevada forests have provided many economic benefits and ecological services to people in California, and the rest of the world. Dramatic changes are occurring in the forests due to climate warming and long-term fire suppression. Accurate mapping and monitoring are increasingly important to understand and manage the forests. Light Detection and Range (LiDAR), an active remote sensing technique, can penetrate the canopy and provide three-dimensional estimates of forest structures. LiDAR-based forest structural estimation has been demonstrated to be more efficient than field measurements and more accurate than those from passive remote sensing, like satellite imagery. Research in this dissertation aims at mapping and monitoring structural changes in Sierra Nevada forests by taking the advantages of LiDAR. We first evaluated LiDAR and fine resolution imagery-derived canopy cover estimates using different algorithms and data acquisition parameters. We suggested that LiDAR data obtained at 1 point/m2 with a scan angle smaller than 12°were sufficient for accurate canopy cover estimation in the Sierra Nevada mix-conifer forests. Fine resolution imagery is suitable for canopy cover estimation in forests with median density but may over or underestimate canopy cover in extremely coarse or dense forests. Then, a new LiDAR-based strategy was proposed to quantify tree growth and competition at individual tree and forest stand levels. Using this strategy, we illustrated how tree growth in two Sierra Nevada forests responded to tree competition, original tree sizes, forest density, and topography conditions; and identified that the tree volume growth was determined by the original tree sizes and competitions, but tree height and crown area growth were mostly influenced by water and space availability. Then, we calculated the forest biomass disturbance in a Sierra Nevada forest induced by fuel treatments using bi-temporal LiDAR data and field measurements. Using these results as references, we found that Landsat imagery-derived vegetation indices were suitable for quantifying canopy cover changes and biomass disturbances in forests with median density. Large uncertainties existed in applying the vegetation indices to quantify disturbance in extremely dense forests or forests only disturbed in the understory. Last, we assessed vegetation losses caused by the American Fire in 2013 using a new LiDAR point based method. This method was able to quantify fire-induced forest structure changes in basal area and leaf area index with lower uncertainties, compared with traditional LiDAR metrics and satellite imagery-derived vegetation indices. The studies presented in this dissertation can provide guidance for forest management in the Sierra Nevada, and potentially serve as useful tools for forest structural change monitoring in the rest of the world.
Book Synopsis Vertical Decomposition of Forest Structure Using LiDAR Remote Sensing by : Hamish Asmath
Download or read book Vertical Decomposition of Forest Structure Using LiDAR Remote Sensing written by Hamish Asmath and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertical LiDAR profiles that measure the vertical organization of the canopy structure were created and used to classify the study area based upon reference profiles developed from selected silvicultural practices present in the Turkey Lakes Watershed. A previous method of estimating LAI from LiDAR data uses the vegetation returns to calculate the mean vegetation height. A new method of estimating LAI based upon the area under the vertical LiDAR profile was developed that is more accurate than the mean vegetation height approach. A procedure was developed to vertically distribute the LAI throughout the forest canopy using the estimated LAI and the LiDAR vertical profile. The result was a vertical LAI profile for each pixel. This allowed for the calculation of LAI at a specified height, and the height a specified LAI occurs. Vertical decomposition of LAI was performed at the plot level (20 x 20 m) and the canopy level (5 x 5 m).
Book Synopsis Field Measurements for Forest Carbon Monitoring by : Coeli M Hoover
Download or read book Field Measurements for Forest Carbon Monitoring written by Coeli M Hoover and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 2003, a workshop was held in Portsmouth, NH, to discuss land measurement techniques for the North American Carbon Program. Over 40 sci- tists representing government agencies, academia and nonprofit research organi- tions located in Canada, the US and Mexico participated. During the course of the workshop a number of topics were discussed, with an emphasis on the following: • The need for an intermediate tier of carbon measurements. This level of study would be more extensive than state-level inventories of the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, but less detailed than intensive ecos- tem studies sites such as those in Long Term Ecological Research network. This tier would ideally provide a basis to link and scale remote sensing measurements and inventory data, and supply data required to parameterize existing models (see Wofsy and Harriss 2002, Denning et al. 2005). • The design criteria that such a network of sites should meet. The network and s- pling design should be standardized, but flexible enough to be applied across North America. The design also needs to be efficient enough to be implemented without the need for large field crews, yet robust enough to provide useful information. Finally, the spatial scale must permit easy linkage to remotely sensed data. • The key variables that should be measured at each site, and the frequency of measurement.
Book Synopsis LiDAR Principles, Processing and Applications in Forest Ecology by : Qinghua Guo
Download or read book LiDAR Principles, Processing and Applications in Forest Ecology written by Qinghua Guo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-03-10 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LiDAR Principles, Processing and Applications in Forest Ecology introduces the principles of LiDAR technology and explains how to collect and process LiDAR data from different platforms based on real-world experience. The book provides state-of the-art algorithms on how to extract forest parameters from LiDAR and explains how to use them in forest ecology. It gives an interdisciplinary view, from the perspective of remote sensing and forest ecology. Because LiDAR is still rapidly developing, researchers must use programming languages to understand and process LiDAR data instead of established software. In response, this book provides Python code examples and sample data. Sections give a brief history and introduce the principles of LiDAR, as well as three commonly seen LiDAR platforms. The book lays out step-by-step coverage of LiDAR data processing and forest structure parameter extraction, complete with Python examples. Given the increasing usefulness of LiDAR in forest ecology, this volume represents an important resource for researchers, students and forest managers to better understand LiDAR technology and its use in forest ecology across the world. The title contains over 15 years of research, as well as contributions from scientists across the world. Presents LiDAR applications for forest ecology based in real-world experience Lays out the principles of LiDAR technology in forest ecology in a systematic and clear way Provides readers with state-of the-art algorithms on how to extract forest parameters from LiDAR Offers Python code examples and sample data to assist researchers in understanding and processing LiDAR data Contains over 15 years of research on LiDAR in forest ecology and contributions from scientists working in this field across the world
Book Synopsis Advances in Remote Sensing for Global Forest Monitoring by : Erkki Tomppo
Download or read book Advances in Remote Sensing for Global Forest Monitoring written by Erkki Tomppo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics of the book cover forest parameter estimation, methods to assess land cover and change, forest disturbances and degradation, and forest soil drought estimations. Airborne laser scanner data, aerial images, as well as data from passive and active sensors of different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions have been utilized. Parametric and non-parametric methods including machine and deep learning methods have been employed. Uncertainty estimation is a key topic in each study. In total, 15 articles are included, of which one is a review article dealing with methods employed in remote sensing aided greenhouse gas inventories, and one is the Editorial summary presenting a short review of each article.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Tree Canopy Cover Derived from Lidar and Optical Imagery by :
Download or read book Comparison of Tree Canopy Cover Derived from Lidar and Optical Imagery written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land managers requiring spatial tree canopy cover data must consider data quality and specific information needs when selecting an appropriate data source. Given the increased availability of low density lidar datasets and the recent release of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2011 Tree Canopy Cover (TCC) product, land managers are faced with additional candidate data sources for obtaining spatially explicit estimates of tree canopy cover. To inform the use of various remote sensing methods and data products available to land managers, the Remote Sensing Steering Committee sponsored a project comparing canopy cover estimates derived from three different remote sensing technologies: lidar, moderate-resolution satellite imagery, and high-resolution aerial imagery. Canopy cover estimates were compared and evaluated in order to clarify their appropriate use at different spatial and temporal scales. The TCC data and tree canopy cover data derived from lidar were compared and evaluated in terms of their agreement with sample-based estimates obtained from photo-interpretation of high-resolution ortho-imagery. Canopy cover estimates from a southern pine forest were compared at plot and landscape scales. At both scales, mean canopy cover derived from lidar was not significantly different from the photo-interpreted sample estimates, while TCC values were higher. Canopy cover values from lidar agreed more strongly with the photo-interpreted canopy cover estimates (RMSE = 11.01 percent) than did TCC data (RMSE = 18.13 percent). Temporal and seasonal agreement and scale of measurement should be considered in the interpretation of these results. Recommendations and considerations for choosing appropriate canopy cover data products for a variety of management needs are presented and discussed. A supplemental evaluation of the effects of lidar point density on first order canopy structure metrics was conducted and is reported in the appendix of this report. Experimentally thinning a high-density lidar data set and comparing the derived forest structure metrics at the scale of 30 meters showed that point densities as low as 1.5 points per square meter yielded first order canopy structure estimates similar to those obtained from the high point density reference.
Book Synopsis Using Leaf-off LiDAR in Modeling Forest Canopy Structure and Assessing the Effect of Spatial Resolution in Landscape Analyses by :
Download or read book Using Leaf-off LiDAR in Modeling Forest Canopy Structure and Assessing the Effect of Spatial Resolution in Landscape Analyses written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters by : Francisco Javier García-Haro
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters written by Francisco Javier García-Haro and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring of vegetation structure and functioning is critical to modeling terrestrial ecosystems and energy cycles. In particular, leaf area index (LAI) is an important structural property of vegetation used in many land surface vegetation, climate, and crop production models. Canopy structure (LAI, fCover, plant height, and biomass) and biochemical parameters (leaf pigmentation and water content) directly influence the radiative transfer process of sunlight in vegetation, determining the amount of radiation measured by passive sensors in the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical remote sensing (RS) methods build relationships exploiting in situ measurements and/or as outputs of physical canopy radiative transfer models. The increased availability of passive (radar and LiDAR) RS data has fostered their use in many applications for the analysis of land surface properties and processes, thanks also to their insensitivity to weather conditions and the capability to exploit rich structural and textural information. Data fusion and multi-sensor integration techniques are pressing topics to fully exploit the information conveyed by both optical and microwave bands.
Book Synopsis Computer Applications in Sustainable Forest Management by : Guofan Shao
Download or read book Computer Applications in Sustainable Forest Management written by Guofan Shao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of computer applications in forestry. It is the first text on software for forest management to emphasize integration of computer applications. It also offers important new insights on how to continue advancing computational technologies in forest management. The authors are internationally-recognized authorities in the subjects presented.
Book Synopsis Biophysical Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing by : Jonathan Hanes
Download or read book Biophysical Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing written by Jonathan Hanes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-26 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of biophysical applications (e.g. leaf area index and gross primary productivity) have been derived from measurements of the Earth system obtained remotely by NASA’s MODIS sensors and other satellite platforms. In Biophysical Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing, the authors describe major applications of satellite remote sensing for studying Earth's biophysical phenomena. The focus of the book lies on the broad palette of specific applications (metrics) of biophysical activity derived using satellite remote sensing. With in-depth discussions of satellite-derived biophysical metrics that focus specifically on theory, methodology, validation, major findings, and directions of future research, this book provides an excellent resource for remote sensing specialists, ecologists, geographers, biologists, climatologists, and environmental scientists.
Book Synopsis The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator by : Elizabeth D. Reinhardt
Download or read book The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator written by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fire and Fuels Extension (FFE) to the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) simulates fuel dynamics and potential fire behavior over time, in the context of stand development and management. Existing models of fire behavior and fire effects were added to FVS to form this extension. New submodels representing snag and fuel dynamics were created to complete the linkages. This report contains four chapters. Chapter 1 states the purpose and chronicles some applications of the model. Chapter 2 details the model's content, documents links to the supporting science, and provides annotated examples of the outputs. Chapter 3 is a user's guide that presents options and examples of command usage. Chapter 4 describes how the model was customized for use in different regions. Fuel managers and silviculturists charged with managing fire-prone forests can use the FFEFVS and this document to better understand and display the consequences of alternative management actions.
