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Application Of Botulinum Neurotoxin In Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions
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Book Synopsis Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions by : Hann-Chorng Kuo
Download or read book Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions written by Hann-Chorng Kuo and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence has shown that botulinum toxin A has advantages in lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTDs), especially in interstitial cystitis, urethral sphincter dysfunction, and inflammatory bladder disorders which currently cannot be adequately treated with oral pharmacological medications. This Special Issue has collected original or review articles that focus on the novel applications of botulinum toxin A in LUTDs. The research has been updated and contains novel therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin for bladder or urethral dysfunctions. This Special Issue of Toxins provides current knowledge surrounding the status of botulinum toxin in functional urology and LUTDs.
Book Synopsis Botulinum Toxin in Urology by : Michael B. Chancellor
Download or read book Botulinum Toxin in Urology written by Michael B. Chancellor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bladder injection of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity has recently been approved by regulatory agencies in several EU countries and by the FDA in the United States. This is the first book to focus on the practical application of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the genitourinary tract. It covers in detail applications of BoNT in the bladder and the prostate and pelvic floor, with reviews of the latest clinical series and techniques in both adults and children. Appendices containing easy-to-read instructions for patients undergoing bladder and prostate BoNT injections are included, in addition to procedural guidelines for nursing staff. The book is written in a concise, clinically relevant style by two leading pioneers in the field, who were the first to undertake comprehensive basic research into the mechanisms underlying the efficacy and potential uses of BoNT within the lower urinary tract.
Book Synopsis Urological Applications of Botulinum Toxin A by : Said M. Yaiesh
Download or read book Urological Applications of Botulinum Toxin A written by Said M. Yaiesh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has seen in the last two decades an increased level of application in urological practice, first FDA approved in 2011 for neurogenic detrusor overactivity and then later in 2013 for refractory overactive bladder. Hundreds of studies have been published in literature assessing the chemical structure of botulinum toxins and how urothelial injections in the lower urinary tract and vesical instillations can be employed in the management of a spectrum of urological conditions particularly voiding dysfunction. The consensus is still out on toxin A preparations, mode and pattern of application whether instilled or injected intradetrusally, units used, as well as time to onset and duration of effect of injections and is still a dense research topic. This is reflected in the continuously changing and differing grades of recommendations between societies of urological practitioners such as the EAU and AUA, among others. This chapter discusses both the FDA-approved and experimental applications of botulinum toxin A in urology, indications, techniques, and points of debate.
Book Synopsis Botulinum Toxin E-Book by : Joseph Jankovic
Download or read book Botulinum Toxin E-Book written by Joseph Jankovic and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-02-18 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new, therapeutically-focused Botulinum Toxin presents comprehensive, cross-disciplinary guidance on current practices, covering more than 100 non-cosmetic conditions that occur in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, pain medicine, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, urology, orthopedics, and surgery. International contributors review the current understanding of the biology and cellular mechanisms along with relevant research so you can easily apply them to the pathophysiology of the numerous disorders that botulinum toxin is used to treat—such as botulinum toxin applications for the treatment of cranial-cervical dystonias, motor disorders in cerebral palsy, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, headache, overactive bladder, chronic pelvic pain syndromes, arthritis joint pain, and wound healing. With discussions of the latest in approved treatment practices as well as new and emerging uses, you’ll get in-depth management guidance on the application of the toxin. Provides clinical applications of botulinum toxin for over 100 disorders for immediate access and easy reference during practice and treatment. Covers a broad array of hot topics, including botulinum toxin applications for the treatment of cranial-cervical dystonias, motor disorders in cerebral palsy, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, headache, overactive bladder, chronic pelvic pain syndromes, arthritis joint pain, and wound healing. Focuses on approved uses with expert advice on thoroughly tested applications but also discusses new and emerging applications to expose you to additional treatment options. Presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date material available so you get all the information you need from this one resource. Offers the cross-disciplinary guidance of the best world-class expertise through an authoritative, international group of authors who demonstrate the applications of botulinum toxin across various specialties.
Book Synopsis Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Pain and Inflammation in Functional Urological Disorders by : Hann-Chorng Kuo
Download or read book Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Pain and Inflammation in Functional Urological Disorders written by Hann-Chorng Kuo and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2020-10-02 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The botulinum toxin has been widely applied in the treatment of functional urological diseases, such as overactive bladder, neurogenic detrusor overactivity, interstitial cystitis, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Evidence has shown that the botulinum toxin not only affects the release of neuropeptides from motor nerve endings, but also connects sensory nerves to the central nervous system. Inflammation in the central nervous system can be reduced after botulinum toxin treatment. The scope of therapeutic targets involves detrusor overactivity, sensory disorders, bladder pain and pelvic pain, and inflammatory disorders of the bladder, prostate, and bladder outlet. Although the actual pathophysiological mechanism of the action of the botulinum toxin has not been completely demonstrated, an anti-inflammation effect might be the predominant therapeutic mechanism for functional urological disorders such as an overactive bladder, bladder hypersensitivity, interstitial cystitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, chronic prostatitis, and lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia. This Special Issue of Toxins covers the therapeutic potentials of the botulinum toxin on lower urinary tract dysfunctions, with emphasis on the mechanism of pharmacological action and clinical effects.
Download or read book Neuro-Urology written by Roger Dmochowski and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a useful handbook for medical doctors involved in the diagnosis and treatment of neuro-urological problems. The first section reviews the relevant neuro-anatomy and neuro-physiology and provides a practical overview of specific neuro-urological pathologic conditions. The second section discusses the various clinical entities that can be encountered and focuses on the clinical entities neuro-urological consquences. The third section is devoted to the different diagnostic possibilities. Internationally accepted algorithms are presented and put into perspective. Section 4 deals with the triad of major clinical problems in this area: urinary (incontinence, retention and voiding dysfunction as well as upper urinary tract problems), anorectal (faecal incontinence and constipation) and sexual (erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory failure) dysfunctions. The final section covers the specific management of patients with neuro-urological problems and describes conservative and surgical treatments, providing the most recent information. Throughout, the text is accompanied by numerous illustrated case reports and discussions as well as tips and tricks based on the personal experience of the different authors.
Book Synopsis Botulinum Neurotoxins and Nervous System by : Siro Luvisetto
Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxins and Nervous System written by Siro Luvisetto and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects 25 scientific articles from laboratories around the world, all of which use botulinum neurotoxins as the main protagonists of their studies. The use of botulinum neurotoxin in medicine, following its ability to inhibit the effects of various disorders of different etiology on the human organism, constitutes the main topic of each article presented here. This book, which is aimed at both students and medical professionals, attempts to summarize current knowledge about the use of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent in many diseases, ranging from spasticity to tremor, form motor dysfunction after stroke to neuropathic pain, from hyperactive muscle to migraine, and so on. Thanks to its simplified writing, accessible to an audience who may not be familiar with the mysteries of science, readers will get new insights into this biological toxin and its multiple applications, not simply relegated to its historical use to correct of face wrinkles. Both review and research articles are presented, not only concerning animal studies, but also clinical reports. This book will provide an up-to-date picture of the state-of-the-art of the possible development of novel applications of botulinum neurotoxins for future therapeutic purposes.
Book Synopsis Botulinum Neurotoxin Uses In Overactive Bladder by : Mohamed H. Zahran
Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxin Uses In¬†Overactive Bladder written by Mohamed H. Zahran and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Botulinum neurotoxin has been approved for use in different urologic disorders, especially overactive bladder (OAB). OAB is highly prevalent, with a relevant impact on patients,Äô quality of life and the available health resources. The prevalence of OAB is 11.8% with no significant difference between male and female. Botulinum neurotoxin is now approved as a treatment of choice for refractory overactive bladder (ROAB) after the failure of behavioral and pharmacological therapy. It is associated with improvement of urgency and urge urinary incontinence in 60,Äì70% of patients. Yet the effect is not long-standing and fades out in a mean of 6-months duration and repeated injection is warranted. Moreover, its associated side effects are not uncommon, especially urinary tract infection and urine retention. New modifications have been studied to make it less invasive, effective, and tolerable by the patients through injection-free mode. The subject to be explained in the book chapter is the role of botulinum neurotoxin in ROAB, including the mechanism of action, different types of botulinum toxin used, the accepted dose, associated side effects, and comparison of the outcome to other available treatment modalities. In addition, a close look at the new accepted approaches for intravesical administration of botulinum toxin in the bladder will be done.
Book Synopsis Clinical Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin by : Keith A. Foster
Download or read book Clinical Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin written by Keith A. Foster and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there are tremendous advances being made in understanding the basic science of both the structure and function of botulinum neurotoxins. This knowledge is opening up opportunities in regard to both therapeutic uses and treatment and protection options for civil and bio-defense applications. This volume fully evaluates the status of neurotoxin research and exploitation. The book is a multi-authored collection of chapters written by the leading authorities responsible for the current scientific and clinical research that is advancing the understanding and exploitation of the neurotoxins and is both up to date and authoritative.
Book Synopsis Female Pelvic Surgery by : Farzeen Firoozi
Download or read book Female Pelvic Surgery written by Farzeen Firoozi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fully updated edition of this text provides a state-of-the-art surgical review of female pelvic surgery, and will serve as a valuable resource for clinicians and surgeons dealing with, and interested in the treatment of pelvic floor disorders. The book reviews the basic indications for treatment and details the many surgical approaches to the management of all pelvic floor disorders, including stress urinary incontinence, transvaginal prolapse, transabdominal sacrocolpopexy, robotic/laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, vaginal and vulvar cysts, and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. In addition to step-by-step descriptions, the text is augmented with illustrations and photographs of surgical techniques demonstrating the major repairs described in each section. Written by experts in their fields, the second edition of Female Pelvic Surgery provides a concise and comprehensive review of all surgical approaches to female pelvic surgery.
Download or read book Cerebral Palsy written by Freeman Miller and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2006-05-08 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a child has a health problem, parents want answers. But when a child has cerebral palsy, the answers don't come quickly. A diagnosis of this complex group of chronic conditions affecting movement and coordination is difficult to make and is typically delayed until the child is eighteen months old. Although the condition may be mild or severe, even general predictions about long-term prognosis seldom come before the child's second birthday. Written by a team of experts associated with the Cerebral Palsy Program at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, this authoritative resource provides parents and families with vital information that can help them cope with uncertainty. Thoroughly updated and revised to incorporate the latest medical advances, the second edition is a comprehensive guide to cerebral palsy. The book is organized into three parts. In the first, the authors describe specific patterns of involvement (hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia), explain the medical and psychosocial implications of these conditions, and tell parents how to be effective advocates for their child. In the second part, the authors provide a wealth of practical advice about caregiving from nutrition to mobility. Part three features an extensive alphabetically arranged encyclopedia that defines and describes medical terms and diagnoses, medical and surgical procedures, and orthopedic and other assistive devices. Also included are lists of resources and recommended reading.
Book Synopsis The Overactive Bladder by : Karl Kreder
Download or read book The Overactive Bladder written by Karl Kreder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-10 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overactive bladder (OAB) affects millions of men and women daily. Given the symptoms of sleep loss, depression, and a lower quality of life than even those with diabetes mellitus, effective and beneficial treatment is a must for these people. Drs Kreder and Dmochowski, both recognized experts on voiding dysfunction and urodynamics, have a
Book Synopsis Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence by : Giovanni Mosiello
Download or read book Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence written by Giovanni Mosiello and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to impart all the practical knowledge required in order to evaluate and treat children with anatomical, neurological, and functional incontinence. It explains how appropriate choice of management in childhood depends first of all on a correct diagnosis, then on thorough urodynamic evaluation, and finally on sound assessment of the condition of the individual patient. The full range of relevant pathologies are considered and all of the treatment options are extensively discussed, including behavioral therapy, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, endoscopic procedures, and surgical reconstruction. Careful attention is paid to the impacts that treatments performed during childhood may have on later adult life, including on fertility and pregnancy, with a view to ensuring that the reader will be in a position to time treatments correctly, thereby avoiding adverse effects, and possess all the information needed to address the concerns of patients and their families. The book will be of value to pediatricians, urologists, nurses, physiotherapist, students, and all others with an interest in the field.
Download or read book Neurourology written by Limin Liao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduce neurourology as an emerging interdisciplinary area that covers the basic and clinical studies of the neural control on the normal lower urinary tract and the lower/upper urinary tract dysfunction due to neuropathy disorders. It systematically describes all aspects of neurourology from the epidemiology of the neurogenic bladder; to the pathology and pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract; to the diagnosis and treatment of the neurogenic bladder by conservative therapies or surgeries. This book provides a useful resource for medical doctors, nurses and students in the field of neurourological conditions. All the topics are written by internationally recognized specialists in their field.
Book Synopsis Neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction by : Peter Wide
Download or read book Neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction written by Peter Wide and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-11 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinal dysraphism (SD) is a congenital malformation that to a varying extent, often severely, affects the life of the child and the family. Most individuals with SD suffer from neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction—with the risk of urinary tract infections, renal deterioration, urinary and fecal incontinence—that affects social participation and quality of life negatively. In newborns with SD, early detection of neurogenic bladder dysfunction and determination of post-void residual urine are required to determine the need of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and follow-up. The non-invasive method of four-hour voiding observation with provocation test (VOP) was used to evaluate bladder function in 50 newborn children with SD. Voiding patterns for the children were described and compared with those of 50 healthy newborns evaluated with VOP in an earlier study. Comparison revealed significant differences among several variables. In particular, leakage at provocation test and not voiding with a stream were common in newborns with SD but did not occur in healthy newborns. VOP is a non-invasive standardized method to determine residual urine in newborns with SD. It also adds information on voiding pattern, frequency, voiding with a stream and leakage at provocation. Findings in neonatal VOP of the same cohort of newborns with SD were then related to radiology, presence of urinary tract infections during the first year, and urodynamic findings and use of CIC at the age of one year. It was found that, in children with SD, not voiding with a stream may have a predictive value for the need of CIC at the age of one year, followed probably by lifelong CIC. Despite this, the presence of an open SD per se has stronger predictive value, and each child needs to be evaluated individually while considering a number of factors. The main value of VOP may be as a structured non-invasive screening method to uncover neurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction in the newborn. Studies with a larger number of subjects than the present are needed to evaluate the potential of VOP in newborns with closed spinal dysraphism in whom the neurological consequences vary. A retrospective analysis detected renal damage on DMSA scintigraphy in 5 of 41 children with SD who were followed according to a proactive national program with minimal use of surgery. Median follow-up time was 10 years. High baseline pressure was confirmed as a risk factor for renal damage. Compliance with treatment and follow-up is likely to be an important factor for renal health. Therefore, efforts to support children and their families are crucial. A questionnaire-based study of 107 children with SD (age 6–16y) in Sweden and Norway examined aspects of treatment for neurogenic bowel dysfunction focusing on incontinence, independence, general satisfaction and quality of life. It was found that transanal irrigation (TAI) and antegrade colonic enemas (ACE) are effective treatments, but are time-consuming and difficult to perform independently. The majority of children using TAI (72%) and ACE (63%) never went to the toilet alone to empty their bowels. As children achieving independence on the toilet reported higher quality of life, efforts to support independence are beneficial. Continent, self-managing children with healthy kidneys enjoy high quality of life and contribute more fully to society. Therefore, further research is required to investigate and develop existing and new technologies and methods that mitigate the problems related to SD, and to make them accessible to all children with spinal dysraphism. Under de senaste 50 åren har det skett en enastående utveckling av möjligheterna för barn som föds med ryggmärgsbråck. Tidigare har majoriteten av barn med ryggmärgsbråck avlidit redan som spädbarn men idag överlever de flesta till vuxen ålder. Utan aktiva insatser och uppföljning är dock risken för medicinska problem och allvarlig påverkan på livet mycket stor. Nu när nästan alla barn överlever ligger fokus på att också nå okad livskvalitet och självständighet för personer med ryggmärgsbråck. Nästan alla med ryggmärgsbråck måste hantera en allvarlig påverkan på blåsan och tarmen med risk för njurskador, inkontinens och förstoppning. I avhandlingens två första studier värderade vi en metod att, med minimalt obehag för barnet, bedöma blåsfunktionen. Detta för att kunna skilja ut de barn som behöver genomgå mer avancerade undersökningar och få hjälp med blåstömningen genom täta tappningar med kateter, sa kallad ren intermittent kateterisering, RIK. När vi jämförde resultatet av testet för 50 nyfödda med ryggmärgsbråck med samma undersökning av 50 friska nyfödda fann vi stora skillnader. Mest tydligt var att de flesta nyfödda med ryggmärgsbråck (69%) men inga friska nyfödda läckte urin när man tryckte över blåsan. Av nyfödda med ryggmärgsbråck kissade de flesta (74%) inte med stråle vilket alla friska nyfödda gjorde. Att inte kissa med stråle talade också starkt för att barnet skulle komma att behöva hjälp med RIK för att tomma blåsan vid ett ars ålder, och då sannolikt livet ut. Sammantaget visade avhandlingens två första arbeten att den metod för bedömning av blåsfunktion vi undersökt kan användas för att styra uppföljning och behandling av nyfödda med ryggmärgsbråck. Avhandlingens tredje studie visade att aktiv uppföljning av barnen enligt ett nationellt vårdprogram lyckades förhindra njurskador hos de flesta, men att höga tryck i urinblåsan och återkommande urinvägsinfektioner ökade risken för skador. Även familjernas förmåga att i en pressad vardag klara av att genomföra de ofta krävande behandlingar och undersökningar som rekommenderas verkade vara viktig för att förhindra njurskador. Stöttning av familjerna är därför viktig. Avhandlingens fjärde arbete berörde tarmen som nästan alltid är påverkad vid ryggmärgsbråck, med risk för svår förstoppning och avföringsläckage. Detta har påtaglig påverkan på barnen och deras familjer. En tredjedel av de 107 familjerna i vår enkätundersökning i Sverige och Norge (barn 6-16 år) beskrev att man fått avstå från aktiviteter såsom resor på grund av barnets tarmproblem och de barn som hade avföringsläckage rapporterade tydligt lägre livskvalitet än andra. Trots denna allvarliga påverkan finns det hittills inga studier som jämför de olika behandlingar som barnet kan använda. I vår enkät kartlade vi därför vilka metoder som användes och hur bra de fungerade. Vi ställde frågor till både barn och föräldrar, särskilt om avföringsläckage, hur nöjd man var med metoden, barnens livskvalitet och självständighet på toaletten. Det var utifrån svaren tydligt att båda de vanligaste typerna av tarmsköljning var effektiva men tidskrävande och svara för barn och ungdomar att klara att utföra på egen hand. Ingen metod visade sig överlägsen den andra men de barn som klarade att skota tarmtomningen själva skattade sin livskvalitet klart högre än övriga. Vi drar därför slutsatsen att det är viktigt att vårdpersonal diskuterar de olika behandlingsalternativen med barn och föräldrar, och tillsammans med dem väljer den metod som passar det enskilda barnet bäst. Då skapas bästa förutsättningar för att gemensamt arbeta vidare för att uppnå största möjliga självständighet. Självständiga individer, med friska njurar och utan urin- och avföringsinkontinens upplever högre livskvalitet och behöver mindre sjukvård och andra samhällsinsatser. Det behövs mer forskning för att utveckla existerande och nya metoder att hantera de allvarliga komplikationer som riskerar att drabba barn och vuxna med ryggmärgsbråck.
Book Synopsis Female Urinary Incontinence by : Anne P. Cameron
Download or read book Female Urinary Incontinence written by Anne P. Cameron and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive review of the etiology, anatomy, diagnosis, treatments, and future directions of care for female incontinence. It includes a historical review of past treatments many women have undergone and resultant altered anatomy. This book discusses conservative treatments such as patient and provider handouts on behavioral modification and how to perform pelvic floor exercises. It also covers medical therapy from minimally invasive treatments to radical surgical approaches and management of treatment failures. Addressing the treatment of stress incontinence with chapters progressing from least invasive to most invasive therapies, it also describes mesh complications and treatment failures. The book illuminates the intersection of prolapse with female incontinence, incontinence diagnosis and management after major reconstructions such as neobladder or penile inversion, vaginoplasty, and incontinence due to rarer conditions such as fistulas. Further chapters explore female urinary incontinence in special populations including pediatric patients, the elderly, and women with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, as well as poorly understood populations such as older children, women post-reconstruction, and trans-women. It also addresses research needs and the ever-expanding horizon of new developments in the field of incontinence in women. Female Urinary Incontinence provides a comprehensive text directed towards urologists, gynecologists, and those trained in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS). Given the topic of incontinence specifically in women and the burgeoning rise of women in the field of FPMRS, the book features an all-female author list comprised of an international group of female urologists and urogynecologists selected to author chapters on their particular expertise.
Book Synopsis Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease by : Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
Download or read book Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease written by Cristian Falup-Pecurariu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomic dysfunction is one of the most prevalent non-motor symptoms that occurs in Parkinson’s disease. Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease provides up to date information on this important topic, which affects quality of life of these patients. This include a large number of domains: orthostatic hypotension, excessive sweating, dry eyes, constipation, weight loss, increased sensitivity to heat and cold, sexual dysfunction. Provides comprehensive reviews on different topics of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease Each chapter covers a specific autonomic symptom: classification, assessment, treatment Presents the newest information on each autonomic symptom in Parkinson’s disease
