Antoine Lavoisier The Next Crucial Year Or The Sources Of His Quantitative Method In Chemistry

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Antoine Lavoisier: The Next Crucial Year

Author : Frederic Lawrence Holmes
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400864658
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Antoine Lavoisier: The Next Crucial Year by : Frederic Lawrence Holmes

Download or read book Antoine Lavoisier: The Next Crucial Year written by Frederic Lawrence Holmes and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through his development of quantitative experimental methods, the chemist Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) implemented a principle that many regard as the cornerstone of modern science: in every operation there is an equal quantity of material before and after the operation. The origin of Lavoisier's methods, however, has remained a missing piece in this remarkable episode of scientific history, perhaps because the talented young scientist himself was not prepared for the journey his discoveries would set before him. In this book, Frederic Holmes suggests that Lavoisier gradually came to understand the nature and power of his quantitative method during the year 1773, when he began to carry out a research program on the fixation and release of airs. Drawing upon Lavoisier's surviving laboratory notebooks, Holmes presents an engaging portrait of a scientist still seeking the way that would lead him to become the leader of one of the great upheavals in the history of science. Holmes follows Lavoisier day-by-day at work in his laboratory over a course of several months. The scientist's resourcefulness and imagination spring to life in this account, as does his propensity to make mistakes, which taught him as much as his successes. During the course of this odyssey, Lavoisier saw his early theory of combustion collapse under the weight of his own efforts to provide experimental evidence to support it. In compensation, he acquired a method and the hard-won experience on which he would later construct a more enduring theoretical structure. Originally published in 1997. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution

Author : Dr Victor D Boantza
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1472403983
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (724 download)

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Book Synopsis Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution by : Dr Victor D Boantza

Download or read book Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution written by Dr Victor D Boantza and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-09-28 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seventeenth-century scientific revolution and the eighteenth-century chemical revolution are rarely considered together, either in general histories of science or in more specific surveys of early modern science or chemistry. This tendency arises from the long-held view that the rise of modern physics and the emergence of modern chemistry comprise two distinct and unconnected episodes in the history of science. Although chemistry was deeply transformed during and between both revolutions, the scientific revolution is traditionally associated with the physical and mathematical sciences whereas modern chemistry is seen as the exclusive product of the chemical revolution. This historiographical tension, between similarity in ‘form’ and disparity in historical ‘content’ of the two events, has tainted the way we understand the rise of modern chemistry as an integral part of the advent of modern science. Against this background, Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution examines the role of and effects on chemistry of both revolutions in parallel, using chemistry during the chemical revolution to illuminate chemistry during the scientific revolution, and vice versa. Focusing on the crises and conflicts of early modern chemistry (and their retrospectively labeled ‘losing’ parties), the author traces patterns of continuity in matter theory and experimental method from Boyle to Lavoisier, and reevaluates the disciplinary relationships between chemists, mechanists, and Newtonians in France, England, and Scotland. Adopting a unique approach to the study of the scientific and chemical revolutions, and to early modern chemical thought and practice in particular, the author challenges the standard revolution-centered history of early modern science, and reinterprets the rise of chemistry as an independent discipline in the long eighteenth century.

Alchemy Tried in the Fire

Author : William R. Newman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226577058
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Alchemy Tried in the Fire by : William R. Newman

Download or read book Alchemy Tried in the Fire written by William R. Newman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2005 Pfizer Prize from the History of Science Society. What actually took place in the private laboratory of a mid-seventeenth century alchemist? How did he direct his quest after the secrets of Nature? What instruments and theoretical principles did he employ? Using, as their guide, the previously misunderstood interactions between Robert Boyle, widely known as "the father of chemistry," and George Starkey, an alchemist and the most prominent American scientific writer before Benjamin Franklin as their guide, Newman and Principe reveal the hitherto hidden laboratory operations of a famous alchemist and argue that many of the principles and practices characteristic of modern chemistry derive from alchemy. By analyzing Starkey's extraordinary laboratory notebooks, the authors show how this American "chymist" translated the wildly figurative writings of traditional alchemy into quantitative, carefully reasoned laboratory practice—and then encoded his own work in allegorical, secretive treatises under the name of Eirenaeus Philalethes. The intriguing "mystic" Joan Baptista Van Helmont—a favorite of Starkey, Boyle, and even of Lavoisier—emerges from this study as a surprisingly central figure in seventeenth-century "chymistry." A common emphasis on quantification, material production, and analysis/synthesis, the authors argue, illustrates a continuity of goals and practices from late medieval alchemy down to and beyond the Chemical Revolution. For anyone who wants to understand how alchemy was actually practiced during the Scientific Revolution and what it contributed to the development of modern chemistry, Alchemy Tried in the Fire will be a veritable philosopher's stone.

Lavoisier in the Year One: The Birth of a New Science in an Age of Revolution (Great Discoveries)

Author : Madison Smartt Bell
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393341100
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Lavoisier in the Year One: The Birth of a New Science in an Age of Revolution (Great Discoveries) by : Madison Smartt Bell

Download or read book Lavoisier in the Year One: The Birth of a New Science in an Age of Revolution (Great Discoveries) written by Madison Smartt Bell and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2010-12-06 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fresh…solid…full of suspense and intrigue." —Publishers Weekly Antoine Lavoisier reinvented chemistry, overthrowing the long-established principles of alchemy and inventing an entirely new terminology, one still in use by chemists. Madison Smartt Bell’s enthralling narrative reads like a race to the finish line, as the very circumstances that enabled Lavoisier to secure his reputation as the father of modern chemistry—a considerable fortune and social connections with the likes of Benjamin Franklin—also caused his glory to be cut short by the French Revolution.

Lavoisier in the Year One

Author : Madison Smartt Bell
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 9780393051551
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Lavoisier in the Year One by : Madison Smartt Bell

Download or read book Lavoisier in the Year One written by Madison Smartt Bell and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antoine Lavoisier-who lived at the zenith of the Enlightenment and died at the hands of the Revolution-was himself a revolutionary.

Chemical Research on Plant Growth

Author : Théodore de Saussure
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461441366
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Research on Plant Growth by : Théodore de Saussure

Download or read book Chemical Research on Plant Growth written by Théodore de Saussure and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recherches Chimiques sur la Végétation was a seminal work in the development of the understanding of photosythesis and plant chemistry. The original publication, which was the first concise summation of the basics of plant nutrition, was a landmark in plant science. It was twice translated into German during the nineteenth century, but no English translation has been published. This translation will interest those in the plant, chemical, agricultural, and soil sciences, and the history of science, who find English more accessible than French or German and who wish to learn more about the early research on photosynthesis and plant science. A further note about the translation: This project is more than just a translation because it includes an extensive introduction as well as notes that provide explanations for archaic terminology and other background material. In the twentieth century, eminent photosynthesis researcher Eugene Rabinowitch described Recherches Chimiques sur la Végétation as the first modern book on plant nutrition. Historian of chemistry Henry Leicester called the book a classic, noting that the first important generalization about biochemistry in the nineteenth century came from it. Plant physiologist P. E. Pilet stated that the book laid the foundations of a new science, phytochemistry. Soil scientist E. Walter Russell attributed to de Saussure the quantitative experimental method, which more than anything else made modern agricultural chemistry possible. Chemist Leonard K. Nash stated that de Saussure brought the studies of plant nutrition begun by Priestley, Ingen-Housz, and Senebier close to completion, finishing the basic experimental work and providing a convincing theoretical interpretation of the field, and also opened up new vistas of experiment and thought. In the two centuries since Recherches Chimiques sur la Végétation was published, luminaries in various branches of science, including plant biology, chemistry, and soil science, have consistently praised it highly. In the nineteenth century, noted botanist Alphonse de Candolle and equally noted plant physiologist Julius von Sachs expressed great admiration for it. Although de Saussure’s ideas were forgotten for a time, famed chemist Justus von Liebig, who invented artificial fertilizer, rediscovered them in the 1840s and brought them to the attention of the agricultural community, stressing their importance for increasing crop yields.

Atoms and Alchemy

Author : William R. Newman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226577031
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Atoms and Alchemy by : William R. Newman

Download or read book Atoms and Alchemy written by William R. Newman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-05-05 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Enlightenment, alchemy has been viewed as a sort of antiscience, disparaged by many historians as a form of lunacy that impeded the development of rational chemistry. But in Atoms and Alchemy, William R. Newman—a historian widely credited for reviving recent interest in alchemy—exposes the speciousness of these views and challenges widely held beliefs about the origins of the Scientific Revolution. Tracing the alchemical roots of Robert Boyle’s famous mechanical philosophy, Newman shows that alchemy contributed to the mechanization of nature, a movement that lay at the very heart of scientific discovery. Boyle and his predecessors—figures like the mysterious medieval Geber or the Lutheran professor Daniel Sennert—provided convincing experimental proof that matter is made up of enduring particles at the microlevel. At the same time, Newman argues that alchemists created the operational criterion of an “atomic” element as the last point of analysis, thereby contributing a key feature to the development of later chemistry. Atomsand Alchemy thus provokes a refreshing debate about the origins of modern science and will be welcomed—and deliberated—by all who are interested in the development of scientific theory and practice.

100 Greatest Science Discoveries of All Time

Author : Kendall Haven
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313094586
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis 100 Greatest Science Discoveries of All Time by : Kendall Haven

Download or read book 100 Greatest Science Discoveries of All Time written by Kendall Haven and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-02-28 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brimming with fascinating and fun facts about 100 scientific breakthroughs, this collection presents the real stories behind the history of science, at the same time offering a panoramic overview of the history of science and an introduction to some of the most important scientists in history. Grades 6 and up. Throughout history, science has changed lives and dramatically altered the way in which the universe is perceived. Focusing on the 100 most significant scientific events of all time—from Archimedes' discovery of the two fundamental principles underlying physics and engineering (levers and buoyancy) in 260 B.C.E. to human anatomy, Jupiter's moons, electrons, black holes, the human genome, and more—storyteller Kendall Haven has created a ready reference for those seeking information on science discoveries.

Spaces of Enlightenment Science

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004501223
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Spaces of Enlightenment Science by :

Download or read book Spaces of Enlightenment Science written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spaces of Enlightenment Science explores the places, spaces, and exchanges where science of the Early Modern period got done, bringing together leading historians of science to examine the geographies of knowledge in the Enlightenment period.

The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments

Author : George Johnson
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307268667
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments by : George Johnson

Download or read book The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments written by George Johnson and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-04-08 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dazzling, irresistible collection of the ten most groundbreaking and beautiful experiments in scientific history. With the attention to detail of a historian and the storytelling ability of a novelist, New York Times science writer George Johnson celebrates these groundbreaking experiments and re-creates a time when the world seemed filled with mysterious forces and scientists were in awe of light, electricity, and the human body. Here, we see Galileo staring down gravity, Newton breaking apart light, and Pavlov studying his now famous dogs. This is science in its most creative, hands-on form, when ingenuity of the mind is the most useful tool in the lab and the rewards of a well-considered experiment are on exquisite display.

Chemical History

Author : Gerrylyn K Roberts
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1847552633
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical History by : Gerrylyn K Roberts

Download or read book Chemical History written by Gerrylyn K Roberts and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an historical overview of the recent developments in the history of diverse fields within chemistry. It follows on from Recent Developments in the History of Chemistry, a volume published in 1985. Covering chiefly the last 20 years, the primary aim of Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature is to familiarise newcomers to the history of chemistry with some of the more important developments in the field. Starting with a general introduction and look at the early history of chemistry, subsequent chapters go on to investigate the traditional areas of chemistry (physical, organic, inorganic) alongside analytical chemistry, physical organic chemistry, medical chemistry and biochemistry, and instruments and apparatus. Topics such as industrial chemistry and chemistry in national contexts, whilst not featuring as separate chapters, are woven throughout the content. Each chapter is written by experts and is extensively referenced to the international chemical literature. Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature is also ideal for chemists who wish to become familiar with historical aspects of their work. In addition, it will appeal to a wider audience interested in the history of chemistry, as it draws together historical materials that are widely scattered throughout the chemical literature.

Science in the Enlightenment

Author : William E. Burns
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1576078876
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Science in the Enlightenment by : William E. Burns

Download or read book Science in the Enlightenment written by William E. Burns and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2003-11-17 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first introductory A–Z resource on the dynamic achievements in science from the late 1600s to 1820, including the great minds behind the developments and science's new cultural role. Though the Enlightenment was a time of amazing scientific change, science is an often-neglected facet of that time. Now, Science in the Enlightenment redresses the balance by covering all the major scientific developments in the period between Newton's discoveries in the late 1600s to the early 1800s of Michael Faraday and Georges Cuvier. Over 200 A-Z entries explore a range of disciplines, including astronomy and medicine, scientists such as Sir Humphry Davy and Benjamin Franklin, and instruments such as the telescope and calorimeter. Emphasis is placed on the role of women, and proper attention is given to the shifts in the worldview brought about by Newtonian physics, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's "chemical revolution," and universal systems of botanical and zoological classification. Moreover, the social impact of science is explored, as well as the ways in which the work of scientists influenced the thinking of philosophers such as Voltaire and Denis Diderot and the writers and artists of the romantic movement.

The 17th and 18th Centuries

Author : Frank N. Magill
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113592421X
Total Pages : 3274 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis The 17th and 18th Centuries by : Frank N. Magill

Download or read book The 17th and 18th Centuries written by Frank N. Magill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 3274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each volume of the Dictionary of World Biography contains 250 entries on the lives of the individuals who shaped their times and left their mark on world history. This is not a who's who. Instead, each entry provides an in-depth essay on the life and career of the individual concerned. Essays commence with a quick reference section that provides basic facts on the individual's life and achievements. The extended biography places the life and works of the individual within an historical context, and the summary at the end of each essay provides a synopsis of the individual's place in history. All entries conclude with a fully annotated bibliography.

Transforming Matter

Author : Trevor H. Levere
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801866104
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (661 download)

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Book Synopsis Transforming Matter by : Trevor H. Levere

Download or read book Transforming Matter written by Trevor H. Levere and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2001-08-03 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transforming Matter provides an accessible and clearly written introduction to the history of chemistry, telling the story of how the discipline has developed over the years.

The Historiography of the Chemical Revolution

Author : John G McEvoy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317324005
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis The Historiography of the Chemical Revolution by : John G McEvoy

Download or read book The Historiography of the Chemical Revolution written by John G McEvoy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study offers a critical survey of past and present interpretations of the Chemical Revolution designed to lend clarity and direction to the current ferment of views.

Equilibrium in Economics

Author : Valeria Mosini
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134165870
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Equilibrium in Economics by : Valeria Mosini

Download or read book Equilibrium in Economics written by Valeria Mosini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-01-07 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Equilibrium Theory, which became the dominating paradigm after the Second World War, is founded on the postulated existence, uniqueness, and stability of equilibrium in economic processes. Since then, the concept has come under sustained attack from all points of the heterodox compass, from Austrian economists to Marxists. Partly in response to these pressures, mainstream economics has changed and moved away from the rigid framework of GET. Nonetheless, economists are continually arguing in terms of equilibrium and the existence of a variety of equilibrium concepts continues to stir controversy. The contributions in this book, which include articles from Tony Lawson, Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Roger Backhouse, highlight current notions of equilibrium in economics and provide a guide to understanding the links between economic theory and economic reality.

Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution

Author : Victor D. Boantza
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317099346
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution by : Victor D. Boantza

Download or read book Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution written by Victor D. Boantza and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seventeenth-century scientific revolution and the eighteenth-century chemical revolution are rarely considered together, either in general histories of science or in more specific surveys of early modern science or chemistry. This tendency arises from the long-held view that the rise of modern physics and the emergence of modern chemistry comprise two distinct and unconnected episodes in the history of science. Although chemistry was deeply transformed during and between both revolutions, the scientific revolution is traditionally associated with the physical and mathematical sciences whereas modern chemistry is seen as the exclusive product of the chemical revolution. This historiographical tension, between similarity in ’form’ and disparity in historical ’content’ of the two events, has tainted the way we understand the rise of modern chemistry as an integral part of the advent of modern science. Against this background, Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution examines the role of and effects on chemistry of both revolutions in parallel, using chemistry during the chemical revolution to illuminate chemistry during the scientific revolution, and vice versa. Focusing on the crises and conflicts of early modern chemistry (and their retrospectively labeled ’losing’ parties), the author traces patterns of continuity in matter theory and experimental method from Boyle to Lavoisier, and reevaluates the disciplinary relationships between chemists, mechanists, and Newtonians in France, England, and Scotland. Adopting a unique approach to the study of the scientific and chemical revolutions, and to early modern chemical thought and practice in particular, the author challenges the standard revolution-centered history of early modern science, and reinterprets the rise of chemistry as an independent discipline in the long eighteenth century.