Andean Archaeology

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The Archaeology of Andean Pastoralism

Author : José M. Capriles
Publisher : UNM Press
ISBN 13 : 0826357032
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Andean Pastoralism by : José M. Capriles

Download or read book The Archaeology of Andean Pastoralism written by José M. Capriles and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book leading experts uncover and discuss archaeological topics and themes surrounding the long-term trajectory of camelid (llama and alpaca) pastoralism in the Andean highlands of South America. The chapters open up these studies to a wider world by exploring the themes of intensification of herding over time, animal-human relationships, and social transformations, as well as navigating four areas of recent research: the origins of domesticated camelids, variation in the development of pastoralist traditions, ritual and animal sacrifice, and social interaction through caravans. Andeanists and pastoral scholars alike will find this comprehensive work an invaluable contribution to their library and studies.

Andean Archaeology I

Author : William H. Isbell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461506395
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Andean Archaeology I by : William H. Isbell

Download or read book Andean Archaeology I written by William H. Isbell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study of the origin and development of civilization is of unequaled importance for understanding the cultural processes that create human societies. Is cultural evolution directional and regular across human societies and history, or is it opportunistic and capricious? Do apparent regularities come from the way inves tigators construct and manage knowledge, or are they the result of real constraints on and variations in the actual processes? Can such questions even be answered? We believe so, but not easily. By comparing evolutionary sequences from different world civilizations scholars can judge degrees of similarity and difference and then attempt explanation. Of course, we must be careful to assess the influence that societies of the ancient world had on one another (the issue of pristine versus non-pristine cultural devel opment: see discussion in Fried 1967; Price 1978). The Central Andes were the locus of the only societies to achieve pristine civilization in the southern hemi sphere and only in the Central Andes did non-literate (non-written language) civ ilization develop. It seems clear that Central Andean civilization was independent on any graph of archaic culture change. Scholars have often expressed appreciation of the research opportunities offered by the Central Andes as a testing ground for the study of cultural evolu tion (see, e. g. , Carneiro 1970; Ford and Willey 1949: 5; Kosok 1965: 1-14; Lanning 1967: 2-5).

Rituals of the Past

Author : Silvana Rosenfeld
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 1607325969
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Rituals of the Past by : Silvana Rosenfeld

Download or read book Rituals of the Past written by Silvana Rosenfeld and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2017-04-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rituals of the Past explores the various approaches archaeologists use to identify ritual in the material record and discusses the influence ritual had on the formation, reproduction, and transformation of community life in past Andean societies. A diverse group of established and rising scholars from across the globe investigates how ritual influenced, permeated, and altered political authority, economic production, shamanic practice, landscape cognition, and religion in the Andes over a period of three thousand years. Contributors deal with theoretical and methodological concerns including non-human and human agency; the development and maintenance of political and religious authority, ideology, cosmologies, and social memory; and relationships with ritual action. The authors use a diverse array of archaeological, ethnographic, and linguistic data and historical documents to demonstrate the role ritual played in prehispanic, colonial, and post-colonial Andean societies throughout the regions of Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. By providing a diachronic and widely regional perspective, Rituals of the Past shows how ritual is vital to understanding many aspects of the formation, reproduction, and change of past lifeways in Andean societies. Contributors: Sarah Abraham, Carlos Angiorama, Florencia Avila, Camila Capriata Estrada, David Chicoine, Daniel Contreras, Matthew Edwards, Francesca Fernandini, Matthew Helmer, Hugo Ikehara, Enrique Lopez-Hurtado, Jerry Moore, Axel Nielsen, Yoshio Onuki, John Rick, Mario Ruales, Koichiro Shibata, Hendrik Van Gijseghem, Rafael Vega-Centeno, Verity Whalen

Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes

Author : Gabriel Prieto
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813057272
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes by : Gabriel Prieto

Download or read book Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes written by Gabriel Prieto and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes examines how settlements along South America’s Pacific coastline played a role in the emergence, consolidation, and collapse of Andean civilizations from the Late Pleistocene era through Spanish colonization. Providing the first synthesis of data from Chile, Peru, and Ecuador, this wide-ranging volume evaluates and revises long-standing research on ancient maritime sites across the region. These essays look beyond the subsistence strategies of maritime communities and their surroundings to discuss broader anthropological issues related to social adaptation, monumentality, urbanism, and political and religious change. Among many other topics, the evidence in this volume shows that the maritime industry enabled some urban communities to draw on marine resources in addition to agriculture, ensuring their success. During the Colonial period, many fishermen were exempt from paying tributes to the Spanish, and their specialization helped them survive as the Andean population dwindled. Contributors also consider the relationship between fishing and climate change—including weather patterns like El Niño. The research in this volume demonstrates that communities situated close to the sea and its resources should be seen as critical components of broader social, economic, and ideological dynamics in the complex history of Andean cultures. A volume in the series Society and Ecology in Island and Coastal Archaeology, edited by Victor D. Thompson

Andean Archaeology III

Author : William Isbell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387757308
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (573 download)

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Book Synopsis Andean Archaeology III by : William Isbell

Download or read book Andean Archaeology III written by William Isbell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third volume in the Andean Archaeology series, this book focuses on the marked cultural differences between the northern and southern regions of the Central Andes, and considers the conditions under which these differences evolved, grew pronounced, and diminished. This book continues the dynamic, current problem-oriented approach to the field of Andean Archaeology that began with Andean Archaeology I and Andean Archaeology II. Combines up-to-date research, diverse theoretical platforms, and far-reaching interpretations to draw provocative and thoughtful conclusions.

Ancient Andean Houses

Author : Jerry D. Moore
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813057949
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Andean Houses by : Jerry D. Moore

Download or read book Ancient Andean Houses written by Jerry D. Moore and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Ancient Andean Houses, Jerry Moore offers an extensive survey of vernacular architecture from across the entire length of the Andes, drawing on ethnographic and archaeological information from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia to the Patagonia region of Argentina and Chile. This book explores the diverse ways ancient peoples made houses, the ways houses re-create culture, and new perspectives and methods for studying houses. In the first part of this multidimensional approach, Moore examines the construction of houses and how they shaped different spheres of household life, considering commonalities and variations among cultural traditions. In the second part, Moore discusses how domestic architecture serves as both constructed template and lived-in environment, expressing social relationships between men and women, adults and children, household members and the community, and the living and the dead. Finally, Moore critiques archaeological approaches to the subject, arguing for a far-reaching and engaged reassessment of how we study the houses and lives of people in the past. Moore emphasizes that the house has always been a pivotal space around which complex human meanings orbit. This book demonstrates that the material traces of dwellings offer insight into significant questions regarding the development of sedentism, the spread of cultural traditions, and the emergence of social identities and inequalities.

The Archaeology of the Upper Amazon

Author : Ryan Clasby
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813057825
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Archaeology of the Upper Amazon by : Ryan Clasby

Download or read book The Archaeology of the Upper Amazon written by Ryan Clasby and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together archaeologists working in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to construct a new prehistory of the Upper Amazon, outlining cultural developments from the late third millennium B.C. to the Inca Empire of the sixteenth century A.D. Encompassing the forested tropical slopes of the eastern Andes as well as Andean drainage systems that connect to the Amazon River basin, this vast region has been unevenly studied due to the restrictions of national borders, remote site locations, and limited interpretive models. The Archaeology of the Upper Amazon unites and builds on recent field investigations that have found evidence of extensive interaction networks along the major rivers—Santiago, Marañon, Huallaga, and Ucayali. Chapters detail how these rivers facilitated the movement of people, resources, and ideas between the Andean highlands and the Amazonian lowlands. Contributors demonstrate that the Upper Amazon was not a peripheral zone but a locus for complex societal developments. Reaching across geographical, cultural, and political boundaries, this volume shows that the trajectory of Andean civilization cannot be fully understood without a nuanced perspective on the region’s diverse patterns of interaction with the Upper Amazon. Contributors: Ryan Hechler | Kenneth R. Young | J. Scott Raymond | Warren Deboer | Inge Schjellerup | Charles Hastings | Atsushi Yamamoto | Bebel Ibarra Asencios | Francisco Valdez | Jason Nesbitt | Warren B. Church | Sonia Alconini | Rachel Johnson | Ryan Clasby | Estanislao Pazmino

Archaeology of Wak'as

Author : Tamara L. Bray
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 149201270X
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeology of Wak'as by : Tamara L. Bray

Download or read book Archaeology of Wak'as written by Tamara L. Bray and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edited volume, Andean wak'as—idols, statues, sacred places, images, and oratories—play a central role in understanding Andean social philosophies, cosmologies, materialities, temporalities, and constructions of personhood. Top Andean scholars from a variety of disciplines cross regional, theoretical, and material boundaries in their chapters, offering innovative methods and theoretical frameworks for interpreting the cultural particulars of Andean ontologies and notions of the sacred. Wak'as were understood as agentive, nonhuman persons within many Andean communities and were fundamental to conceptions of place, alimentation, fertility, identity, and memory and the political construction of ecology and life cycles. The ethnohistoric record indicates that wak'as were thought to speak, hear, and communicate, both among themselves and with humans. In their capacity as nonhuman persons, they shared familial relations with members of the community, for instance, young women were wed to local wak'as made of stone and wak'as had sons and daughters who were identified as the mummified remains of the community's revered ancestors. Integrating linguistic, ethnohistoric, ethnographic, and archaeological data, The Archaeology of Wak'as advances our understanding of the nature and culture of wak'as and contributes to the larger theoretical discussions on the meaning and role of–"the sacred” in ancient contexts.

Archaeological Interpretations

Author : Peter Eeckhout
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 081305754X
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeological Interpretations by : Peter Eeckhout

Download or read book Archaeological Interpretations written by Peter Eeckhout and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting studies in Andean archaeology and iconography by leading specialists in the field, this volume tackles the question of how researchers can come to understand the intangible, intellectual worlds of ancient peoples. Archaeological Interpretations is a fascinating ontological journey through Andean cultures from the fourth millennium BC to the sixteenth century, A.D. Through evidence-based case studies, theoretical models, and methodological reflections, contributors discuss the various interpretations that can be derived from the traces of ritual activity that remain in the material record. They discuss how to accurately comprehend the social significance of artifacts beyond their practical use and how to decode the symbolism of sacred images. Addressing topics including the earliest evidence of shamanism in Ecuador, the meaning of masks among the Mochicas in Peru, the value of metal in the Recuay culture, and ceremonies of voluntary abandonment among the Incas, contributors propose original and innovative ways of interpreting the rich Andean archaeological heritage. Contributors: Luis Jaime Castillo Butters | Peter Eeckhout | Christine Hastorf | Abigail Levine | Geroge F. Lau | Frank Meddens | Charles S. Stanish | Edward Swenson | Gary Urton | Francisco Valdez

The Ancient Andean Village

Author : Kevin J. Vaughn
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816527069
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ancient Andean Village by : Kevin J. Vaughn

Download or read book The Ancient Andean Village written by Kevin J. Vaughn and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although ancient civilizations in the Andes are rich in historyÑwith expansive empires, skilled artisans, and vast temple centersÑthe history of the Andean foothills on the south coast of present-day Peru is only now being unveiled. Nasca, a prehispanic society that flourished there from AD 1 to 750, is best known for its polychrome pottery, its enigmatic geoglyphs (the "Nasca Lines"), and its ceremonial center, Cahuachi, which was the seat of power in early Nasca. However, despite the fact that archaeologists have studied Nasca civilization for more than a century, until now they have not pieced together the daily lives of Nasca residents. With this book, Kevin Vaughn offers the first portrait of village life in this ancient Andean society. Vaughn is interested in how societies develop and change, in particular their subsistence and political economies, interactions between elites and commoners, and the ritual activities of everyday life. By focusing on one village, Marcaya, he not only illuminates the lives and relationships of its people but he also contributes to an understanding of the more general roles played by villages in the growth of increasingly complex societies in the Andes. By examining agency in local affairs, he is able for the first time to explore the nature of power in Nasca and how it may have changed over time. By studying village and household activities, Vaughn argues, we can begin to appreciate from the ground up such essential activities as production, consumption, and the ideologies revealed by ritualsÑand thereby gain fresh insights into ancient civilizations.

The Ancient Central Andes

Author : Jeffrey Quilter
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000584194
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ancient Central Andes by : Jeffrey Quilter

Download or read book The Ancient Central Andes written by Jeffrey Quilter and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ancient Central Andes presents a general overview of the prehistoric peoples and cultures of the Central Andes, the region now encompassing most of Peru and significant parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina. The book contextualizes past and modern scholarship and provides a balanced view of current research. Two opening chapters present the intellectual, political, and practical background and history of research in the Central Andes and the spatial, temporal, and formal dimensions of the study of its past. Chapters then proceed in chronological order from remote antiquity to the Spanish Conquest. A number of important themes run through the book, including: the tension between those scholars who wish to study Peruvian antiquity on a comparative basis and those who take historicist approaches; the concept of "Lo Andino," commonly used by many specialists that assumes long-term, unchanging patterns of culture some of which are claimed to persist to the present; and culture change related to severe environmental events. Consensus opinions on interpretations are highlighted as are disputes among scholars regarding interpretations of the past. The Ancient Central Andes provides an up-to-date, objective survey of the archaeology of the Central Andes that is much needed. Students and interested readers will benefit greatly from this introduction to a key period in South America’s past.

Andean Ontologies

Author : María Cecilia Lozada
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780813056371
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis Andean Ontologies by : María Cecilia Lozada

Download or read book Andean Ontologies written by María Cecilia Lozada and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the Pre-Columbian Andean concepts of time, space, and the human body through objects, skeletal remains, and language. This interdisciplinary approach to conceptualizing what the Andean concepts of being may have been brings contemporary approaches to past notions of the sacred, with each discipline adding its own unique perspective to the Andean ontology. A particular strength of this volume is that most of the contributors are South American researchers, offering North American scholars entry into scholarship that has been confined to Spanish language publications.

Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide

Author : Adrian J. Pearce
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 178735735X
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide by : Adrian J. Pearce

Download or read book Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide written by Adrian J. Pearce and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowhere on Earth is there an ecological transformation so swift and so extreme as between the snow-line of the high Andes and the tropical rainforest of Amazonia. The different disciplines that research the human past in South America have long tended to treat these two great subzones of the continent as self-contained enough to be taken independently of each other. Objections have repeatedly been raised, however, to warn against imagining too sharp a divide between the people and societies of the Andes and Amazonia, when there are also clear indications of significant connections and transitions between them. Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide brings together archaeologists, linguists, geneticists, anthropologists, ethnohistorians and historians to explore both correlations and contrasts in how the various disciplines see the relationship between the Andes and Amazonia, from deepest prehistory up to the European colonial period. The volume emerges from an innovative programme of conferences and symposia conceived explicitly to foster awareness, discussion and co-operation across the divides between disciplines. Underway since 2008, this programme has already yielded major publications on the Andean past, including History and Language in the Andes (2011) and Archaeology and Language in the Andes (2012).

Andean Expressions

Author : George F. Lau
Publisher : University of Iowa Press
ISBN 13 : 1587299747
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Andean Expressions by : George F. Lau

Download or read book Andean Expressions written by George F. Lau and published by University of Iowa Press. This book was released on 2011-04-16 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flourishing from A.D. 1 to 700, the Recuay inhabited lands in northern Peru just below the imposing glaciers of the highest mountain chain in the tropics. Thriving on an economy of high-altitude crops and camelid herding, they left behind finely made artworks and grand palatial buildings with an unprecedented aesthetic and a high degree of technical sophistication. In this first in-depth study of these peoples, George Lau situates the Recuay within the great diversification of cultural styles associated with the Early Intermediate Period, provides new and significant evidence to evaluate models of social complexity, and offers fresh theories about life, settlement, art, and cosmology in the high Andes. Lau crafts a nuanced social and historical model in order to evaluate the record of Recuay developments as part of a wider Andean prehistory. He analyzes the rise and decline of Recuay groups as well as their special interactions with the Andean landscape. Their coherence was expressed as shared culture, community, and corporate identity, but Lau also reveals its diversity through time and space in order to challenge the monolithic characterizations of Recuay society pervasive in the literature today. Many of the innovations in Recuay culture, revealed for the first time in this landmark volume, left a lasting impact on Andean history and continue to have relevance today. The author highlights the ways that material things intervened in ancient social and political life, rather than being merely passive reflections of historical change, to show that Recuay public art, exchange, technological innovations, warfare, and religion offer key insights into the emergence of social hierarchy and chiefly leadership and the formation, interaction, and later dissolution of large discrete polities. By presenting Recuay artifacts as fundamentally social in the sense of creating and negotiating relations among persons, places, and things, he recognizes in the complexities of the past an enduring order and intelligence that shape the contours of history.

Constructions of Time and History in the Pre-Columbian Andes

Author : Edward Swenson
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 1607326426
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Constructions of Time and History in the Pre-Columbian Andes by : Edward Swenson

Download or read book Constructions of Time and History in the Pre-Columbian Andes written by Edward Swenson and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructions of Time and History in the Pre-Columbian Andes explores archaeological approaches to temporalities, social memory, and constructions of history in the pre-Columbian Andes. The authors examine a range of indigenous temporal experiences and ideologies, including astronomical, cyclical, generational, eschatological, and mythical time. This nuanced, interdisciplinary volume challenges outmoded anthropological theories while building on an emic perspective to gain greater understanding of pre-Columbian Andean cultures. Contributors to the volume rethink the dichotomy of past and present by understanding history as indigenous Andeans perceived it—recognizing the past as a palpable and living presence. We live in history, not apart from it. Within this framework time can be understood as a current rather than as distinct points, moments, periods, or horizons. The Andes offer a rich context by which to evaluate recent philosophical explorations of space and time. Using the varied materializations and ritual emplacements of time in a diverse sampling of landscapes, Constructions of Time and History in the Pre-Columbian Andes serves as a critique of archaeology’s continued and exclusive dependence on linear chronologies that obscure historically specific temporal practices and beliefs. Contributors: Tamara L. Bray, Zachary J. Chase, María José Culquichicón-Venegas, Terence D’Altroy, Giles Spence Morrow, Matthew Sayre, Francisco Seoane, Darryl Wilkinson

Ancient People of the Andes

Author : Michael A. Malpass
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501703935
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient People of the Andes by : Michael A. Malpass

Download or read book Ancient People of the Andes written by Michael A. Malpass and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-09 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Ancient People of the Andes, Michael A. Malpass describes the prehistory of western South America from initial colonization to the Spanish Conquest. All the major cultures of this region, from the Moche to the Inkas, receive thoughtful treatment, from their emergence to their demise or evolution. No South American culture that lived prior to the arrival of Europeans developed a writing system, making archaeology the only way we know about most of the prehispanic societies of the Andes. The earliest Spaniards on the continent provided first-person accounts of the latest of those societies, and, as descendants of the Inkas became literate, they too became a source of information. Both ethnohistory and archaeology have limitations in what they can tell us, but when we are able to use them together they are complementary ways to access knowledge of these fascinating cultures. Malpass focuses on large anthropological themes: why people settled down into agricultural communities, the origins of social inequalities, and the evolution of sociopolitical complexity. Ample illustrations, including eight color plates, visually document sites, societies, and cultural features. Introductory chapters cover archaeological concepts, dating issues, and the region's climate. The subsequent chapters, divided by time period, allow the reader to track changes in specific cultures over time.

The Ancient Andean States

Author : Henry Tantaleán
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351599100
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ancient Andean States by : Henry Tantaleán

Download or read book The Ancient Andean States written by Henry Tantaleán and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ancient Andean States combines modern social theory, recent archaeological literature, and the experience of the author to examine politics and power in the great Andean pre-Hispanic societies. The ancient Andean states were the great shapers of Peruvian prehistory. Social complexity, architectural monumentality, and specialized economic production, among others, were features of these sophisticated societies known by professionals and travelers from around the world. How and when these states emerged and succeeded is still debated. By examining Andean pre-Hispanic societies such as Caral, Sechín, Chavín, Moche, Wari, Chimú, and Inca, this book delves into their political and economic structures as well as explores their ideological worldviews. It reveals how these societies were organized and how different social groups interacted in the states. Archaeologists and anthropologists interested in Peruvian archaeology and the political and social structures of ancient societies will find this book to be a valuable addition to their shelves.