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Analysis Of Surface Roughness Generation In Aircraft Ice Accretion
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Book Synopsis Analysis of Surface Roughness Generation in Aircraft Ice Accretion by : R. John Hansman
Download or read book Analysis of Surface Roughness Generation in Aircraft Ice Accretion written by R. John Hansman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness by :
Download or read book Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Close-up Analysis of Inflight Ice Accretion by :
Download or read book Close-up Analysis of Inflight Ice Accretion written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Surface Roughness Associated with Leading Edge Ice Accretion by :
Download or read book Characteristics of Surface Roughness Associated with Leading Edge Ice Accretion written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Theoretical and Numerical Study of Thin Film and Ice Accretion Dynamics on Aircraft Wing Surfaces by : Jen-Ching Tsao
Download or read book A Theoretical and Numerical Study of Thin Film and Ice Accretion Dynamics on Aircraft Wing Surfaces written by Jen-Ching Tsao and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In particular, when glaze icing conditions are considered, a novel broad-band surface icing instability is found to exist under certain glaze icing conditions. This instability is believed to admit small scale and highly irregular ice roughness elements on an airfoil leading edge during glaze ice accretion. Preliminary numerical comparisons with icing experiments show good agreement with qualitative features of glaze icing. Especially, it is found that the ice roughness can quickly rupture the film, leading to the early creation of water beads.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Ice Roughness From Simulated Icing Encounters by : David N. Anderson
Download or read book Characterization of Ice Roughness From Simulated Icing Encounters written by David N. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advancements in the LEWICE Ice Accretion Model by : William B. Wright
Download or read book Advancements in the LEWICE Ice Accretion Model written by William B. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling of Surface Roughness Effects on Glaze Ice Accretion by : R. John Hansman
Download or read book Modeling of Surface Roughness Effects on Glaze Ice Accretion written by R. John Hansman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Users Manual for the Improved NASA Lewis Ice Accretion Code LEWICE 1.6 by : William B. Wright
Download or read book Users Manual for the Improved NASA Lewis Ice Accretion Code LEWICE 1.6 written by William B. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ice Accretion and Icing Technology by : Robert J Flemming
Download or read book Ice Accretion and Icing Technology written by Robert J Flemming and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of inflight atmospheric icing can be devastating to aircraft. Universities and industry have been hard at work to respond to the challenge of maintaining flight safety in all weather conditions. Proposed changes in the regulations for operation in icing conditions are sure to keep this type of research and development at its highest level. This is especially true for the effects of ice crystals in the atmosphere, and for the threat associated with supercooled large drop (SLD) icing. This collection of ten SAE International technical papers brings together vital contributions to the subject. Icing on aircraft surfaces would not be a problem if a material were discovered that prevented the freezing and accretion of supercooled drops. Many options that appeared to have promising icephobic properties have had serious shortfalls in durability. This title addresses, among other topics, the measurement techniques and the drop physics that apply to icing, certification for flight through ice crystal clouds and in supercooled large drops, improvements in predictive techniques, scaling methods, test facilities and techniques, and rotorcraft icing.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Surface Roughness Aassociated with Leading Edge Ice Accretion by : Jaiwon Shin
Download or read book Characteristics of Surface Roughness Aassociated with Leading Edge Ice Accretion written by Jaiwon Shin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ice Adhesion written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.
Book Synopsis Spectral Analysis and Experimental Modeling of Ice Accretion Roughness by : D. J. Orr
Download or read book Spectral Analysis and Experimental Modeling of Ice Accretion Roughness written by D. J. Orr and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Rivulet/ Ice Formation by Colour-Coded Point Projection Method by : Mohammadali Farzad
Download or read book Experimental Study of Rivulet/ Ice Formation by Colour-Coded Point Projection Method written by Mohammadali Farzad and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ice accretion on aeroplane surfaces is one of the most severe weather threats to aviation safety. By changing the gross shape of the airfoil and adding surface roughness, ice accretion leads to increased drag and reduced lift at a constant angle of attack. Typically, an Ice Protection System (IPS) protects the critical aerodynamic surfaces. However, ice accreted on unprotected surfaces affects aircraft performance and flight characteristics in some flight phases. Since the formation of different phenomena like rivulets, water runback, and ice ridges is probable, a better understanding of the underlying physics of these complex phenomena is highly desired for both safe and efficient aircraft operation, and better design approaches. Therefore, having an advanced experimental technique capable of quantifying and characterising the amount of water or ice will be of high interest. In the present study, a novel Colour-Coded Point Projection (CCPP) method is proposed. Using a multi-colour pattern has never been reported in the literature. After calibration and validation, the limitations and characteristics of the proposed method were defined. It can provide three times thickness measurement range at the same planar resolution, in comparison with other similar methods. Various experiments were conducted to investigate the rivulet and ice formation over a NACA 0012 airfoil in the icing wind tunnel available at Concordia University at controlled conditions. The thickness profiles of rivulets and accreted ice were measured successfully and, therefore, the capability of the proposed method was proved. Different criteria, like chord-wise thickness, ice growth rate, advancement speed of ice limit, and the rate of water collection, were defined to compare the effect of working conditions, like velocity, temperature and surface, on the behaviour of rivulets and ice accretion. The results showed that the proposed method is a valuable tool for on-line ice thickness measurements in an icing wind tunnel.
Book Synopsis Effects of Strain Rate Variation on the Shear Adhesion Strength of Impact Ice by : Rebekah Douglass
Download or read book Effects of Strain Rate Variation on the Shear Adhesion Strength of Impact Ice written by Rebekah Douglass and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-flight ice accretion on fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft can be catastrophic if not mitigated. Most modern ice protection systems are active systems, which require electrical or mechanical power to remove accreted ice. Despite their proven capability to protect aircraft from ice accretion, these methods can reduce the aerodynamic efficiency of the vehicle and increase its weight, cost, and complexity. Scientists and engineers now seek passive, erosion-resistant materials and coatings with low ice adhesion strength. Ideally, such materials, when applied to vulnerable components of an aircraft, would cause any ice to shed off the surface under normal aerodynamic loading. To aid in the development of low-ice-adhesion-strength materials, the growth and structural behavior of impact ice in a wide range of atmospheric conditions must be characterized. Facilities such as the NASA Icing Research Tunnel (IRT), the Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory (AMIL), and the Penn State Adverse Environment Research Testing Systems (AERTS) laboratory, to name a few, have spent decades investigating the relationship between ice adhesion strength, temperature, surface roughness, airspeed, and other parameters. The structural behavior of ice has been examined under pure shear, tension, and compression, and mixed-mode loading. However, one important loading consideration that has not been widely investigated on atmospheric ice is strain rate. Very few published ice adhesion studies report the strain rate applied to the ice samples. Several previous studies of laboratory-prepared ice in compression revealed that ice undergoes a ductile-to-brittle transition under high strain rate conditions, and that the adhesion strength is a power function of the strain rate. Other studies, in which lab-prepared ice was loaded in pure shear, reported similar trends. It is unclear whether the same behavior can be expected of dynamically-accreted atmospheric impact ice. Knowledge of the relationship between impact ice adhesion strength and strain rate is important because it can be used to design future ice protection systems, and it may dictate the appropriate course of action for a pilot flying through icing conditionsfor instance, whether a helicopter pilot should increase the rotor speed rapidly or slowly to induce shedding of the ice. NASA Glenn Research Center funded the design and construction of a new centrifuge-style ice adhesion test rig (AJ2) by the Penn State AERTS lab. The ice is accreted dynamically by spinning flat metal test coupons at high speed inside a simulated icing cloud environment, so the water droplet sizes and impact speed are representative of in-flight icing, without the need for a wind tunnel. The rig motor allows for user-defined acceleration rates, so the strain rate on the ice can be controlled. The adhesion strength of the ice is calculated from the voltage output of strain gauges mounted on the cantilever beams holding the test coupons. Unlike other small-scale adhesion test methods, AJ2 allows researchers to collect real-time adhesion data and control the testing environment without any direct interaction with the ice, thus preserving the fidelity of the data. As per NASA requirements, ballistic and structural analysis was performed on the rig to verify its safety. The design and analysis of the AJ2 rig is described in detail in this paper. Many experiments were performed at Penn State to investigate how the adhesion strength of impact ice related to the strain rate applied to it. Stainless steel test coupons of known surface roughness were tested in a range of environmental temperatures. The strain rates applied to the ice ranged between 5x10-7 and 5x10-5 s-1. It was discovered that a similar power function exists between strain rate and adhesion strength as found in the freezer-ice studies described in the literature. Despite scatter in the data, regression analysis determined the trends to be statistically significant. The data suggests that strain rate has a stronger effect on adhesion strength for smoother surfaces as opposed to rougher surfaces. The power 1/n for a coupon roughness of 64 nm (Sa) was double that of the 80-nm coupon; this was the case for both tested temperatures. Similarly, lower temperatures caused a higher power 1/n and coefficient c in the power function. The variation of the coefficient with temperature is consistent with Glens power law for the creep of glacier ice in compression. However, Glen did not observe a variation of the power with temperature. The value of n in the current study ranged from 2.5 for the smoothest sample at the coldest temperature, to 9.7 for the roughest sample at the warmest temperature. In most cases, n was within the range of previously-reported values in literature (1.5 to 6). These findings suggest that the creep behavior of atmospheric impact ice in shear is similarbut not identicalto freezer ice in compression. The proven strain rate testing capabilities of the AJ2 rig will aid icing research efforts by yielding baseline prediction data for future design of ice-resistant materials.