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Analysis Of Proposed Tax And Savings Incentives For Higher Education
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Author :United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation Publisher :DIANE Publishing Inc. ISBN 13 : Total Pages :62 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (327 download)
Book Synopsis Analysis of Proposed Tax and Savings Incentives for Higher Education by : United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation
Download or read book Analysis of Proposed Tax and Savings Incentives for Higher Education written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation and published by DIANE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 1997 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Proposed Tax and Savings Incentives for Higher Education by :
Download or read book Analysis of Proposed Tax and Savings Incentives for Higher Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Proposed Tax Incentives for Higher Education by : United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation
Download or read book Analysis of Proposed Tax Incentives for Higher Education written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation Publisher :DIANE Publishing Inc. ISBN 13 : Total Pages :62 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Analysis of Proposed Tax and Savings Incentives for Higher Education by : United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation
Download or read book Analysis of Proposed Tax and Savings Incentives for Higher Education written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation and published by DIANE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 1997 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Saving for College & the Tax Code by : Andrew P. Roth
Download or read book Saving for College & the Tax Code written by Andrew P. Roth and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2001 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Placing the recent rush to use tax incentives as a new source of student financial assistance in both its historical and theoretical contexts, this book documents the rise of tax-advantaged college savings plans and how they signal the shift to solving the challenge of middle-class affordability and its replacement of the twin goals of access and equity as public policy's greatest higher education funding priority. Including an in-depth analysis of the affordability crisis, a detailed encapsulation of the public-versus-private responsibility to pay for higher education debate and its historic roots, and the theoretical studies of student aid and the tax code, the book develops concrete definitions of the various types of tax-advantaged college savings plans, their origin and development and a detailed taxonomy of all such state-sponsored programs in the United States. Unique to this book, the taxonomy is based upon detailed State Profiles of all tax-advantaged college savings plans in existence circa 1999. Building upon the State Profiles and their taxonomic summary, the book analyzes the rhetoric of the documents surrounding each state's program's adoption in order to understand what the state's say such programs mean. Further, each program's characteristics are evaluated against a Continuum of "Publicness" in order to ascertain the state's position regarding the public-versus-private responsibility debate. The results is both a rhetorical and behavioral data set documenting the states' policy position elevating solving the challenge of middle-class affordability above the issues of access and equity. Although the concept of "publicness" is discovered to be highly ambiguous, thebook concludes with a Best Practices description of an ideal tax-advantaged college savings plan that maximizes public responsibility to pay for higher education. Such a program will be of great interest to all policy analysts and public officials concerned about maintaining the historic American commitment to access and equity.
Book Synopsis Higher Education Tax Credits by : Linda W. Cooke
Download or read book Higher Education Tax Credits written by Linda W. Cooke and published by Nova Novinka. This book was released on 2006 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education tax credits were introduced as a new subsidy for higher education in 1997 and have cost, on average, $4.6 billion a year in lost tax revenue since their enactment. The introduction of the Hope Credit and the Lifetime Learning Credit marked a dramatic increase in education spending through tax expenditures. Prior to 1997, tax incentives for higher education expenses totalled less than $2 billion in estimated lost revenue. The education tax credit program expanded the number of federal agencies involved in education policy making and increased the complexity and cost of administering the income tax system. This book provides analysis of the education tax credit program in the context of issues facing Congress in regard to higher education. This report begins with a review of the economic rationale for subsidising education, then describes federal subsidies for education in general and the education tax credits in particular. An analysis of the education credits follows and the report concludes with a discussion of education tax credit policy options. The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 established two permanent federal income tax credits, effective since tax year 1998, for qualified post secondary education expenses -- the Hope Scholarship credit and the Lifetime Learning credit. The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 created a temporary higher education tax deduction beginning in 2002. The Hope credit was introduced to help ensure that students have access to the first two years of undergraduate education. The Lifetime Learning credit and tuition and fees deduction provide support for students in any year of undergraduate and graduate study; they are unique in that they are available to individuals taking occasional courses. Only one of the three tax benefits may be taken in the same tax year for the same eligible student's qualified expenses. Key features of the credits and deduction dictate who the provisions benefit and the value of assistance they confer. Among these are the non-refundable nature of the credits (i.e., persons must have income tax liabilities and the liabilities must exceed the maximum amount of the credits in order to claim their full value), the deduction's availability whether or not taxpayers take itemised deductions, and the statutory limits on benefit amounts and on taxpayers' income. Accordingly, middle-and upper middle-income individuals are the targeted beneficiaries of these tax incentives. All three benefits apply to the tuition and fees required for enrolment that are not offset by grant aid (e.g. qualified scholarships) and other tax benefits (e.g. Coverdell Education Savings Accounts and Section 529 Plans). The Hope credit has had a maximum value of $1,500 per student since its inception; the Lifetime Learning credit, $2,000 per return since 2003.
Download or read book Higher Education Tax Credits written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tax-based Higher Education Assistance by : George Federocko
Download or read book Tax-based Higher Education Assistance written by George Federocko and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1997, education tax benefits have become an increasingly important component of federal higher education policy. Fourteen tax benefits are currently available for college students and their parents to help pay for higher education. The available tax benefits are a mixture of credits, deductions, exclusions, and other incentives. The benefits can be placed into one of three general categories: incentives for current year expenses, preferential tax treatment of student loans, and incentives for saving for college. This book provides an overview and contrast of higher education tax benefits with traditional student aid; a brief history of higher education tax policy over the past 60 years; a summary of key features of the available tax benefits; and an estimate of revenue losses resulting from individual tax provisions.
Book Synopsis Tax Policy and Education Policy by : Susan M. Dynarski
Download or read book Tax Policy and Education Policy written by Susan M. Dynarski and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 529 saving plans and Coverdell Educational Savings Accounts are marketed as attractive vehicles for college savings. The main finding of this paper is that college savings plans can actually harm some families. The joint treatment by the income tax code and financial aid system of college savings creates tax rates that exceed 100 percent for those families on the margin of receiving additional financial aid. Since even families with incomes above
Book Synopsis Crs Report for Congress by : Congressional Research Service: The Libr
Download or read book Crs Report for Congress written by Congressional Research Service: The Libr and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education tax credits were introduced as a new subsidy for higher education in 1997 and have cost, on average, $4.6 billion a year in lost tax revenue since their enactment. The introduction of the Hope Credit and the Lifetime Learning Credit marked a dramatic increase in education spending through tax expenditures. Prior to 1997, tax incentives for higher education expenses totaled less than $2 billion in estimated lost revenue. The education tax credit program expanded the number of federal agencies involved in education policy making and increased the complexity and cost of administering the income tax system. This report provides analysis of the education tax credit program in the context of issues facing Congress in regard to higher education. This report begins with a review of the economic rationale for subsidizing education, then describes federal subsidies for education in general and the education tax credits in particular. An analysis of the education credits follows and the report concludes with a discussion of education tax credit policy options. Economists believe that education causes positive externalities since it generates both private benefits for individuals and social benefits for the public at large. Such social benefits may be of better citizenship, higher degrees ...
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Using the Tax Mechanism as an Incentive for Higher Education by : Allen N. Strand
Download or read book An Analysis of Using the Tax Mechanism as an Incentive for Higher Education written by Allen N. Strand and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reforming the Tax Incentives for Higher Education by : Camilla E. Watson
Download or read book Reforming the Tax Incentives for Higher Education written by Camilla E. Watson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal spending on higher education has long been controversial, primarily because it has grown exponentially since the 1950s but it has produced a system which many regard as too expensive and grossly inefficient. The soaring costs are placing higher education beyond the reach of many Americans, and of those who enter college, less than half complete their degrees. Particular criticism has been directed toward the education tax incentives, enacted mostly in the late 1990s, which shifted federal funding for higher education from direct benefits to students in the form of grants, loans and work-study programs to indirect benefits through the tax system. The crux of this criticism is that the tax incentives, in addition to being costly and highly complex, have had virtually no effect on college enrollment and retention. Congress has studied this problem for the past few years and has several bills currently on the table to reform these incentives. There are other proposals pending as well, such as those of President Obama and the Education Consortium from the private sector. This article critiques these various proposals and explains why they are not likely to achieve the desired result of increasing college enrollment and retention, particularly among lower-income individuals. The article suggests a reform of the education tax incentives that is different from any of the current proposals and is more likely to achieve the desired result in a simpler, fairer, and more efficient manner.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Certain Proposed Tax Incentives for Higher Education by :
Download or read book Comparison of Certain Proposed Tax Incentives for Higher Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers (104) H.R. 2491.
Book Synopsis Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures by : United States. Department of the Treasury
Download or read book Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures written by United States. Department of the Treasury and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Higher Education Tax Credits written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education tax credits, the Hope Credit and the Lifetime Learning Credit, were introduced as new subsidies for higher education in 1997 and have cost, on average, $4.6 billion a year in lost tax revenue since their enactment. The introduction of the credits marked a dramatic increase in education spending through tax expenditures. Prior to 1997, tax incentives for higher education expenses totaled less than $2 billion in estimated lost revenue. The introduction of education tax credits expanded the number of federal agencies involved in education policy making and increased the complexity and cost of administering the income tax system. This report provides analysis of the education tax credit program. The report begins with a review of the economic rationale for subsidizing education, then describes federal subsidies for education in general and education tax credits in particular. An analysis of the education credits follows, and the report concludes with a discussion of education tax credit policy options. Economists believe that education causes positive externalities since it generates both private benefits for individuals and social benefits for the public at large. Such social benefits may include better citizenship, higher degrees of compliance with public laws, increased productivity, and intergenerational transfers of knowledge. The individual does not capture these social benefits in decision making about his or her level of educational investment and, thus, underinvests in education. Government subsidies to finance education can stimulate private demand for education in order to attain more optimal levels of education production that achieve market equilibrium outcomes. Government subsidies for higher education include indirect spending through the tax code and direct program spending. Most programs grant aid to education institutions and provide assistance directly to students and their families, as in the case of the education tax credits. The Higher Education Act (HEA), which was scheduled to expire in the 109th Congress and was extended through June 2007, authorizes many student aid programs which provide grants, loans, and work-study assistance. Tax credits for higher education, one form of government education subsidy, can be evaluated by looking at tax policy criteria of economic efficiency, equity, and simplicity. Tax credits are not proven to be efficient at increasing enrollment and thus improving social welfare. Tax credits can, however, be beneficial in making college costs more affordable. Higher income households are more able, and more likely, to benefit from education credits, which some view as detracting from equity in the tax code. Yet, the credits provide needed relief for the middle class, many of whom may not qualify for any other source of financial aid. Education credits add complexity and cost to the administration of income taxes, both for individuals and the federal government, but may offer a less-complicated alternative to traditional financial aid. This report will be updated as warranted by legislative events.
Book Synopsis An Overview of Tax Benefits for Higher Education Expenses by :
Download or read book An Overview of Tax Benefits for Higher Education Expenses written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government subsidies for education are available at the federal, state, and local levels. Governments employ two types of direct spending programs to help families pay for higher education: subsidies to public postsecondary institutions and needbased aid to students and families. The Higher Education Act (HEA; most recently extended by P.L. 109-150), which is scheduled to expire in the 109th Congress, authorizes many need-based student aid programs, which provide grants, loans, and work-study assistance. In addition to these direct spending programs, government subsidies for higher education are also made through the income tax system. CRS Report RL32507, Higher Education Tax Credits: An Economic Analysis, by Pamela J. Jackson, provides a discussion of the economic rationale for subsidizing higher education. Tax benefits for higher education can be divided into three groups: incentives for current year higher education expenses, incentives that give preferential tax treatment of student loan expenses, and incentives for saving for college. This report discusses eight tax incentives that provide benefits to taxpayers for the expenditures they make on higher education in a given year. These provisions include two tax credits, the Hope Credit and the Lifetime Learning Credit; two deductions, an abovethe-line deduction for tuition and fees, and a deduction for work-related education; three exclusions for scholarship and fellowship income, tuition reductions, and employer-provided education benefits; and a personal exemption for student dependents age 19 to 23. Tax benefits for student loan expenses allow the deduction of interest paid on student loans and provide an exclusion for student loans that have been forgiven. Five types of tax incentives promote taxpayer saving for college expenses: 1) Section 529 plans, 2) Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, 3) an education savings bond program, 4) a provision which allows early withdrawals from individual retirement accounts (IRAs) without penalty, and 5) the allowance of uniform transfers to minors. The recipients of benefits through the tax system can be quite different from the recipients of benefits provided through spending programs. First, because none of these provisions are available to families whose incomes are too low to pay income taxes, some low income individuals (including independent students) cannot benefit from them since none provide for refundability. Even those who pay income taxes may not receive the full benefit due to limited tax liability. By contrast, direct spending programs are often particularly directed toward lower income individuals who are more likely to attend (lower cost) public institutions and to qualify for needbased aid. This report provides an overview of the tax benefits for higher education, along with cost estimates of the revenue loss associated with these provisions. The report concludes with a discussion of the beneficiaries of education tax incentives. This report will not be updated.
Book Synopsis Overview of Present Law and Economic Analysis Relating to Tax and Savings Incentives for Education by : United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation
Download or read book Overview of Present Law and Economic Analysis Relating to Tax and Savings Incentives for Education written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
