Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Analysis Of Private And Social Discount Rates In Costa Rica An full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Analysis Of Private And Social Discount Rates In Costa Rica An ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author :
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 : 1843692988
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (436 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Private and Social Discount Rates in Costa Rica, An written by and published by IIED. This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bruce A. Aylward
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Private and Social Discount Rates in Costa Rica written by Bruce A. Aylward and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Humberto Lopez
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book The Social Discount Rate written by Humberto Lopez and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The social discount rate measures the rate at which a society would be willing to trade present for future consumption. As such it is one of the most critical inputs needed for cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents estimates of the social discount rates for nine Latin American countries. It is argued that if the recent track record in terms of growth in the region is indicative of future performance, estimates of the social discount rate would be in the 3-4 percent range. However, to the extent that the region improves on its past performance, the social discount rate to be used in the evaluation of projects would increase to the 5-7 percent range. The paper also argues that if the social planner gives a similar chance to the low and high growth scenario, the discount rate should be dependent on the horizon of the project, declining from 4.4 percent for a 25-year horizon to less than 4 percent for a 100-year horizon.
Author : David Pearce
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781781950968
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (59 download)
Download or read book Valuing the Environment in Developing Countries written by David Pearce and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The substantial and growing interest in the monetary valuation of preferences for environmental improvement, and against environmental damage, has prompted a demand for case studies illustrating methodologies and applications of valuation techniques. In this book, the first of two volumes, the authors provide detailed case studies of valuation techniques that have been used in developing countries. They demonstrate that valuation works and that it can yield significant insights into policy-relevant issues regarding conservation and economic development. The authors address a whole range of environmental issues under the broad themes of water and air quality, biological diversity and forest functions. The economic approaches covered include contingent valuation, hedonic property prices, travel cost methodologies and benefits transfer. They also go on to look at the idea of extending national accounts to reflect changes in environmental assets. Examples of the varied and interesting case studies include valuing improvements to sanitation in Malaysia, the value of visits to game parks in South Africa and tropical forest values in Mexico. They highlight how valuation techniques can be applied, often with limited resources, to critical development issues. Academics and practitioners of environmental economics will draw great value from this unique and original work, as will the many multilateral and bilateral aid agencies. The book will also prove a valuable addition to graduate and undergraduate courses in environmental economics where there is a need for case material.
Author : S. Islam
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230289053
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Normative Health Economics written by S. Islam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-12-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book modifies the existing economic theory of health analysis by integrating the issues and principles of moral philosophy in an extended framework. It also develops some operational mathematical models to show how this framework can be applied to health economics and policy evaluation.
Author : International Institute for Environment and Development
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 : 1904035272
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (4 download)
Download or read book The Environmental Effects of Tax Differentiation by Vehicle Characteristics written by International Institute for Environment and Development and published by IIED. This book was released on 2000 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban pollution, particularly from exhaust fumes, is a growing problem in Costa Rica, as elsewhere. Policy makers have tried to solve the problem through traditional regulatory instruments. But at the same time, other policy initiatives, such as reducing taxes, have contributed to greater car ownership and use, and hence, pollution levels. This study looks at whether the government's practice of differentiating car taxes on the basis of vehicle characteristics can be used to improve air quality in Costa Rica. The results indicate that a tax that increases the relative price of used cars will have significant environmental impacts, while other means of differentation are much weaker.
Author : Humberto Lopez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book The Social Discount Rate written by Humberto Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social discount rate measures the rate at which a society would be willing to trade present for future consumption. As such it is one of the most critical inputs needed for cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents estimates of the social discount rates for nine Latin American countries. It is argued that if the recent track record in terms of growth in the region is indicative of future performance, estimates of the social discount rate would be in the 3-4 percent range. However, to the extent that the region improves on its past performance, the social discount rate to be used in the evaluation of projects would increase to the 5-7 percent range. The paper also argues that if the social planner gives a similar chance to the low and high growth scenario, the discount rate should be dependent on the horizon of the project, declining from 4.4 percent for a 25-year horizon to less than 4 percent for a 100-year horizon.
Author : Joshua T. Bishop
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 : 1843692309
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (436 download)
Download or read book Land Tenure and Land Use in Southern Togo written by Joshua T. Bishop and published by IIED. This book was released on 2002 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hans M. Amman
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 : 1904035574
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Land Tenure and Conflict Resolution written by Hans M. Amman and published by IIED. This book was released on 2001 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many conflicts in numerous parts of the developing world can be traced to disputes over land ownership, land use and land degradation. In this paper we test the hypothesis that differences in knowledge structures on land tenure and market systems between different leaders within these countries has caused marginalisation of some leaders by the others. A sustained process of marginalisation driven by this inequality has caused the disadvantaged to revolt, resulting, in many cases, in violent clashes. In this paper we develop a game theoretic model to test our hypothesis by analysing the complex interdependencies existing among the various leaders in the Narok district in Kenya. Violent clashes have been increasing in the district since the first outbreak in 1993. Preliminary results seem to confirm our suspicion that differences in knowledge structures among the various leaders in over land and agricultural markets might have been the catalysts of these conflicts. In order to reduce these discrepancies, we recommend two institutional reforms. The first involves the adoption of a hybrid land tenure system whereby land ownership is based on individual titles, while the use and sale of the land is governed by communal rules established by a community participatory process. The second recommendation involves the formation of an information network comprising all leaders, with the main objective to provide a forum for exchange of ideas and information pertaining to land use options and the opportunities offered by the market system.
Author : Claudio Ferraz
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 : 1843693070
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (436 download)
Download or read book Automobile Pollution Control in Brazil written by Claudio Ferraz and published by IIED. This book was released on 2013 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution concentrations have been rapidly increasing in the major urban areas of Brazil caused mainly by the increasing use of vehicles. In the presence of this negative externality, environmental regulation is required. Car emission control policies in Brazil have relied basically on mandatory emission standards and subsidies for specific cleaner technology resulting in substantial decrease of car emission rates. Nevertheless, car sale taxes, differentiated by vehicles' size and fuel, have also influenced car emission patterns. This paper analyzes the compliance trend of the Brazilian fleet with environmental standards between 1992 and 1997. We find that larger automobiles had the fastest compliance schedule while popular models adjusted very slowly. Also gasoline-fueled models had a faster adjustment pattern than ethanol cars. Additionally, we analyze the current relationship between pollution emissions and car characteristics in order to orient policy formulation. We find a positive relationship between emissions rates and horse power, concluding that although the current value added-sale car tax is not environmental harmful, a tax differentiating clean from dirty models, within each tax bracket, could create substantial incentives for emission control in the future.
Author : Ingrid Mulder
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 : 1843693089
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (436 download)
Download or read book Soil Fertility written by Ingrid Mulder and published by IIED. This book was released on 2000 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Konrad von Moltke
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 : 1843693100
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (436 download)
Download or read book Traditional Chinese Medicine and Species Endangerment written by Konrad von Moltke and published by IIED. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ronnie de Camino
Publisher : Inter-American Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 1886938342
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (869 download)
Download or read book Forest Resource Policy in Latin America written by Ronnie de Camino and published by Inter-American Development Bank. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Forest Resource Policy in Latin America" gathers the thinking of a score of experts on sustainable use and management of forests, including incentives for investment. The authors tackle the thorny social issues of property rights, deforestation, and forest management and ownership by indigenous people and take a hard look at the trade and environmental issues in forest production that will affect future directions for sustainable forestry development in Latin America. Some argue that the main opportunity to conserve natural forests lies in recognizing and paying for the environmental services they provide. In addition, compensatory measures such as the establishment and better management of strictly protected areas appear to be the best tools to delay the loss of ecosystems and species. Alternative forest concession policies and trade and environmental issues in forest production are also analyzed.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book オーストラリア研究紀要 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Barbara McPake
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351689770
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)
Download or read book Health Economics written by Barbara McPake and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-04 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Economics: An International Perspective is the only textbook to provide a truly international, comparative treatment of health economics. Offering an analysis of health systems across borders, the fourth edition of this key text has been updated and revised to take account of changes in a host of countries. This edition features an expanded introduction, providing better grounding for many of the examples that come in subsequent chapters and making it easier for non-health care experts to see the links between the theory, the examples and the health care system components. It also boasts a restructured format, dividing the book into two broad sections: the first focuses on ideas and principles, along with evidence on their applications in the health sector, whereas the second focuses on introducing core tools and techniques used in applied health economics research. Further updates to this edition include: two new chapters on applied econometrics; a new chapter on equity, focusing on equity in access to health care, paying particular attention to how access and need for health care are defined and measured in applied research; a new chapter on emerging issues for health systems that are emanating from a series of global transitions both within (e.g. demographic change, epidemiological change, the global resolution on universal health coverage) and without the health sector (e.g. economic transitions). Throughout the text, examples and illustrations are taken from a wide range of settings and world regions, providing a unique overview of the performance of different health systems.
Author : Thomas H. Tietenberg
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351803379
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Environmental and Natural Resource Economics written by Thomas H. Tietenberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental and Natural Resource Economics is the best-selling text for natural resource economics and environmental economics courses, offering a policy-oriented approach and introducing economic theory and empirical work from the field. Students will leave the course with a global perspective of both environmental and natural resource economics and how they interact. Complemented by a number of case studies showing how underlying economic principles provided the foundation for specific environmental and resource policies, this key text highlights what can be learned from the actual experience. This new, 11th edition includes updated data, a number of new studies and brings a more international focus to the subject. Key features include: Extensive coverage of the major issues including climate change, air and water pollution, sustainable development, and environmental justice. Dedicated chapters on a full range of resources including water, land, forests, fisheries, and recyclables. Introductions to the theory and method of environmental economics including externalities, benefit-cost analysis, valuation methods, and ecosystem goods and services. Boxed ‘Examples’ and ‘Debates’ throughout the text which highlight global examples and major talking points. The text is fully supported with end-of-chapter summaries, discussion questions, and self-test exercises in the book and multiple-choice questions, simulations, references, slides, and an instructor’s manual on the Companion Website.
Author : Bruce A. Aylward
Publisher : Iied
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Institutional Arrangements for Watershed Management written by Bruce A. Aylward and published by Iied. This book was released on 1998 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
