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An Investigation Of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow And Its Responsiveness To Certain Physiological And Pharmacological Agents
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Book Synopsis An Investigation of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Its Responsiveness to Certain Physiological and Pharmacological Agents by : Francis Marion Knapp
Download or read book An Investigation of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Its Responsiveness to Certain Physiological and Pharmacological Agents written by Francis Marion Knapp and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cerebral Circulation by : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Book Synopsis Cerebral Blood Flow by : Andrea Boicelli
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow written by Andrea Boicelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Cerebral Blood Flow: Mathematical Models, Instrumentation, and Imaging Techniques" was held in L'Aquila, Italy, June 2-13, 1986. Contributions to this program were received from the University of L'Aquila, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Siemens Elettra S.p.A., and Bracco S.p.A. Recent studies of the cerebral blood circulation have lagged behind analysis of other parameters such as glucose utilization, transmitter distribution, and precursors. This Advanced Study Institute tried to fill this gap by analyzing in detail different physical techniques such as Autoradiography (including Double-Tracer Auto radiography and highly specific tracers as Iodoantipyrine, Micro spheres), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Each method was analyzed in regards to its precision, resolution, response time. A considerable part of this Institute was devoted to the mathematics of CBF measurement, in its two aspects, i.e. the modeling of the underlying kinetic system and the statistical analysis of the data. The modeling methods proposed included the development of a differential algebra whereby the differential and integral equations involved could be solved by simple algebraic methods, including graph theoretical ones; the statistical methods proposed included the illustration of different parametrizations of possible use in the interpretation of experimental results.
Book Synopsis Cerebral Blood Flow by : Mario Brock
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow written by Mario Brock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a survey of some aspects of current knowledge on regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF), mainly as studied by the isotope clearance method. Although both theoretical and methodological problems are discussed, attention is mainly dedicated to data obtained from clinical studies. The papers which make up this book were presented at the International Symposium on the Clinical Applications of Isotope Clearance Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow, held in Mainz, Western Germany, on April 10-12, 1969. The previous meetings on Cerebral Blood Flow, held in Lund in 1964* and in Lund and Copenhagen 1968**, had shown that the moment had come to concentrate on the possibilities of introducing rCBF measurements into clinical routine. This is why in the Mainz Symposium attention was initially focused on methodological aspects. This is also why theoretical problems of physiology of CBF were not emphasized. Finally, this explains why such topics as cerebrovascular disease, head trauma, coma, carotid surgery, brain tumors and intracranial pressure were given pride of place. However a survey of the clinical aspects of rCBF measurements would not be complete without an account of the application of such measurements to monitor cerebral circulatory changes during anesthesia and therapeutic procedures like, for instance, hyperventilation and hyperbaric treatment. Furthermore, it is now possible to obtain data from correlative rCBF studies per formed before, during and after surgical operations on the human brain.
Book Synopsis Cerebral Blood Flow And Metabolism: A Quantitative Approach by : Stephen John Payne
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow And Metabolism: A Quantitative Approach written by Stephen John Payne and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the way in which the human brain is supplied with blood and how the brain uses this to provide nutrients, primarily oxygen and glucose, to brain cells in order to maintain healthy brain function. In particular, it focuses on the quantitative nature of blood flow and metabolism. The book covers models of blood flow and metabolism and how these can be measured using a variety of imaging and non-imaging techniques. It also examines how cerebral blood flow is controlled in response to a wide variety of challenges and how it changes with normal physiological variation and in response to a large number of pathological conditions, including stroke and dementia.As the first substantial book for over ten years in a fast-changing field, it highlights how the subject has progressed in the last couple of decades. It tackles the subject in a quantitative way, underlining its importance in both technical and clinical fields. Audiences with a technical or clinical background, especially researchers and postgraduate students in biomedical engineering or medicine, will find this a valuable read.
Book Synopsis Stimulated Cerebral Blood Flow by : Peter Schmiedek
Download or read book Stimulated Cerebral Blood Flow written by Peter Schmiedek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Das vorliegende Buch enth{lt die Beitr{ge eines internatio- nalen Symposiumszum Thema "Stimulierte Hirndurchblutung". Vorgestellt werden zun{chst neue Erkenntnisse zur Regulation der Hinrdurchblutung. Im 2. Abschnitt kommen verschiedene Methoden zur Messung der Hirndurchblutung zur Sprache, die sowohl unter experimentellen als auch unter klinischen Be- dingungengetestet wurden. Es folgt ein Abschnitt, der ver- schiedene M|glichkeiten zur Stimulation der Hirndurchblutung aufzeigt. Im letzten Abschnitt wird aufdie Bedeutung der stimulierten Hirndurchblutungsmessung zur Bestimmung der ce- rebrovascul{ren Reservekapazit{ten hingewiesen. Dieser Para- meter hat nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen klinisch- praktische Bedeutung, beispielsweise f}r die Indikations- stellung bei cerebrovascul{ren Eingriffen zur Isch{mie-Pro- phylaxe.
Book Synopsis Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-brain Barrier by : N. Joan Abbott
Download or read book Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-brain Barrier written by N. Joan Abbott and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The blood-brain barrier is still not completely understood and therefore the subject of fascinating study. How are endogenous substances transported through the blood-brain barrier? What are the known therapeutic and toxic agents? How are they transported across cerebral microvessels? The discussion of these and other questions with far-reaching consequences for all neuroscientists can be found in this volume. This authoritative and up-to-date review of the blood-brain barrier gives a proper understanding of the topic. The experimental principles, the results of very recent research, as well as the implications that experimental research has for clinical treatment are thoroughly covered. Information is given on: - new findings based on classical physiological and pharmacological techniques, - results obtained from brain capillaries in vitro and in culture, - results obtained from the new scanning techniques (PET and MRI), - the immunology of the blood-brain barrier, - trace metal transport, - the pathological breakdown of the barrier and - the modification of drugs to increase their entry into the brain. Here is a source of information that is invaluable to specialists concerned with basic research in the neurosciences, with the design of neuropharmacological agents, with the radiological diagnosis of cerebral pathology or with the treatment of cerebral lesions!
Book Synopsis Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism by : Lars Edvinsson
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism written by Lars Edvinsson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written and edited by the world's foremost authorities, the Second Edition of this landmark work is a current, comprehensive reference on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The book covers the entire field in a systematic and coherent way and synthesizes the diverse body of basic science and clinical literature. The reader will gain a complete understanding of the anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological bases of the cerebral circulation, its regulation in health and disease, and the pathophysiological disturbances occurring in cerebrovascular disorders. Coverage includes stimulating discussions of future directions for research and therapeutic intervention.
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1972-01-01 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience. The serial is well-established as an extensive documentation of contemporary advances in the field. The volumes contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry and the behavioral sciences.
Book Synopsis Neural Metabolism In Vivo by : In-Young Choi
Download or read book Neural Metabolism In Vivo written by In-Young Choi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 1168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the preface: “Neural Metabolism In Vivo aims to provide a comprehensive overview of neurobiology by presenting the basic principles of up-to-date and cutting-edge technology, as well as their application in assessing the functional, morphological and metabolic aspects of the brain. Investigation of neural activity of the living brain via neurovascular coupling using multimodal imaging techniques extended our understanding of fundamental neurophysiological mechanisms, regulation of cerebral blood flow in connection to neural activity and the interplay between neurons, astrocytes and blood vessels. Constant delivery of glucose and oxygen for energy metabolism is vital for brain function, and the physiological basis of neural activity can be assessed through measurements of cerebral blood flow and consumption of glucose and oxygen.... This book presents the complex physiological and neurochemical processes of neural metabolism and function in response to various physiological conditions and pharmacological stimulations. Neurochemical detection technologies and quantitative aspects of monitoring cerebral energy substrates and other metabolites in the living brain are described under the “Cerebral metabolism of antioxidants, osmolytes and others in vivo” section. Altogether, the advent of new in vivo tools has transformed neuroscience and neurobiology research, and demands interdisciplinary approaches as each technology could only approximate a very small fraction of the true complexity of the underlying biological processes. However, translational values of the emerging in vivo methods to the application of preclinical to clinical studies cannot be emphasized enough. Thus, it is our hope that advances in our understanding of biochemical, molecular, functional and physiological processes of the brain could eventually help people with neurological problems, which are still dominated by the unknowns.” -- In-Young Choi and Rolf Gruetter
Book Synopsis Cerebral Blood Flow by : Jan Marinus Minderhoud
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow written by Jan Marinus Minderhoud and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Noninvasive Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Man by : Vinod D. Deshmukh
Download or read book Noninvasive Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Man written by Vinod D. Deshmukh and published by PMA Publishing Corporation. This book was released on 1978 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vascular Mechanisms in CNS Trauma by : Eng H. Lo
Download or read book Vascular Mechanisms in CNS Trauma written by Eng H. Lo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there are a number of books on the market that deal with neuronal mechanisms and targets, the proposed book will be the only one to cover the vascular aspects of CNS trauma. The contributing authors will present basic mechanisms, explain cutting-edge experimental models and techniques, and provide several clinical chapters that provide treating physicians with some insight on the cases that they see in the ICU. The table of contents is diverse and comprehensive with chapters on molecular mechanisms, physiology, pharmacology, stem cells, genomics and proteomics, in vivo MRI and PET, as well as the clinical management of vascular parameters.
Book Synopsis Core Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care by : Basil F. Matta
Download or read book Core Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care written by Basil F. Matta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Core Topics in Neuroanesthesia and Neurointensive Care is an authoritative and practical clinical text that offers clear diagnostic and management guidance for a wide range of neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care problems. With coverage of every aspect of the discipline by outstanding world experts, this should be the first book to which practitioners turn for easily accessible and definitive advice. Initial sections cover relevant anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, intraoperative and critical care monitoring and neuroimaging. These are followed by detailed sections covering all aspects of neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care in both adult and pediatric patients. The final chapter discusses ethical and legal issues. Each chapter delivers a state-of-the art review of clinical practice, including outcome data when available. Enhanced throughout with numerous clinical photographs and line drawings, this practical and accessible text is key reading for trainee and consultant anesthetists and critical care specialists.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by : Michitoshi Inoue
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Book Synopsis Implications of the Metaboreflex on Cerebral Blood Flow by : Matthew Neill
Download or read book Implications of the Metaboreflex on Cerebral Blood Flow written by Matthew Neill and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise is responsible for acutely modifying cerebral blood flow (CBF) during an exercise bout, and eliciting chronic increases to resting CBF in trained individuals. Research to date has focussed on the individual mechanisms such as neural metabolism, arterial gas concentration and blood pressure that are responsible for CBF control and are altered by exercise. Altering theses mechanisms at rest, and comparing changes in CBF has been how researchers study the CBF response to exercise. The purpose of this thesis was to provide a scoping review of an important system for the regulation of the CBF exercise response: the exercise pressor reflex (EPR). A total of 30 neurogenic, and 12 cerebrovascular studies were reviewed in a two-part scoping review. The review of cardiovascular responses to varying post exercise muscle ischemia protocols demonstrated a large variance between studies, and a methodological variety of exercise intensities and durations. The scoping review of the CBF research demonstrated a variety of CBF responses to EPR stimulation, where CBF increased, decreased, or remained unchanged. Decreases in arterial carbon dioxide concentration, caused by hyperventilation, were found to disguise the effect EPR stimulation on CBF in several of the investigations. When arterial carbon dioxide was experimentally clamped, increases in CBF appear to correspond with arterial blood pressure (BP) responses. Furthermore, microvascular changes in CBF occurred in some instances while macrovascular flow was unchanged, perhaps indicating a region effect of the EPR on CBF. Overall, it has been shown that the EPR affects CBF by manipulating carbon dixide, BP, and perhaps myogenic factors, depending on region. The influence of these factors requires further experimental research. Future research that manipulates carbon dioxide and BP levels while assessing cerebral artery diameter and blood flow velocity is recommended to address the inconsistencies discovered in the current review.
Book Synopsis Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation and Cerebral Vasospasm in Monkeys with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by : Donald P. J. Boisvert
Download or read book Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation and Cerebral Vasospasm in Monkeys with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage written by Donald P. J. Boisvert and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional cerebral blood flow measurements (intra-arterial Xenon technique) and cerebral angiography were performed in two series of macaque monkeys. Cerebral blood flow autoregulatory and arterial caliber responses to increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MaBP) were studied before and during the acute period following induced subarachnoid hemorrhage or mock subarachnoid hemorrhage (subarachnoid injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid) in rhesus monkeys. A comparative study of the acute effects of subarachnoid injections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid, serotonin and blood on regional cerebral blood flow, cerebral arterial caliber, neurological status and cerebral vessel ultrastructure was carried out in cynmolgous monkeys. Regional cerebral blood flow autoregulatory responses to increases in MaBP were impaired following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Autoregulatory impairment was associated with loss of cerebral arterial vasomotor tone. Mock subarachnoid hemorrhage had no effect on autoregulation or vasomotor tone. Subarachnoid injection of blood in cynmolgous monkeys caused a decrease in cerebral blood flow lasting less than one hour and moderate vasospasm which lasted at least three hours. In contrast, subarachnoid injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid had no effect on these parameters. Subarachnoid injection of a serotonin solution at physiological concentrations (as determined by in-vitro bioassay) was also made without effect on cerebral blood flow or arterial caliber. Higher (lOx) serotonin concentrations caused a cerebral blood flow response similar to that obtained with blood. However, the cerebral vasospasm induced was of shorter duration than that obtained with blood. No significant neurological effect of these subarachnoid injections was observed during the 16 to 18 hour period following reversal of anesthesia. Animals with moderate vasospasm demonstrated no ultrastructural changes in cerebral arteries, arterioles and capillaries. These results support the following conclusions: (1) Cerebral flow regulatory mechanisms play an important role in determining cerebral perfusion status following subarachnoid hemorrhage. (2) Moderate vasospasm does not impair cerebral perfusion in the presence of normal cerebral perfusion pressure and arterial blood gases. (3) Unphysiologically high concentrations of serotonin are required to produce significant effects on the cerebral ci rcu'l at ion. (4) Development of post-SAH cerebral edema is at least partly due to the duration of intracranial hypertension which occurs during hemorrhage from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm.
