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An Investigation Of Factors That Affect The Efficiency Of Limiting Amino Acid Utilization By Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
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Book Synopsis An Investigation of Factors that Affect the Efficiency of Limiting Amino Acid Utilization by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). by : Afshin Gholami
Download or read book An Investigation of Factors that Affect the Efficiency of Limiting Amino Acid Utilization by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). written by Afshin Gholami and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn gluten meal (CGM) is a high protein ingredient commonly used in fish feeds. However, studies suggest that diets containing high levels of CGM elicit lower voluntary feed intake, growth and lower efficiency of utilization of limiting amino acid (AA) compared to other protein sources. It has been hypothesized that the AA profile of CGM (low lysine, excess leucine) could be responsible for these effects or protein from CGM could be digested faster than other protein sources, resulting in faster absorption and less efficient utilization of its AAs. A series of studies were conducted to examine the effect of feeding CGM on growth, efficiency of lysine utilization and the dynamics of protein digestion in rainbow trout. Results of growth trial indicated that weight gain, FE and nitrogen retention efficiency were significantly lower in fish fed CGM-based diets compared to those fed WGM based diets. Digestibility trial results revealed lower apparent digestibility of crude protein in CGM-based diets compared to that of WGM-based diets. The efficiency of digestible lysine utilization did not differ between the CGM and WGM-based diets. Serial digesta sampling of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of rainbow trout and blood sampling were carried out to estimate digesta transit time and plasma AA concentrations. Results indicate that CGM-based diets passed through the GI tract four times faster than WGM-based diets. The ratios of plasma leucine to branched-chain amino acids, and leucine to lysine, were generally higher, for fish fed CGM-based diets compared to those fed WGM-based diets. To examine the impact of the excess leucine on growth performance and efficiency of AA utilization, rainbow trout were pair-fed CGM or WGM-based diets formulated to be deficient in lysine and contain adequate and excess leucine levels. Results indicated that excess leucine did not affect growth and efficiency of lysine utilization. The results from this thesis suggest that the lower digestibility of protein and AAs of CGM may in part explain the lower performance of CGM-based diet compared to other protein sources in some studies. Differences in the dynamics of digestion and absorption of AAs and their appearance in the circulation are evident. Therefore, it should be examined further in future studies.
Book Synopsis Energy and Nitrogen balances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed at largely varying feeding intensities by : Feyza Sanver
Download or read book Energy and Nitrogen balances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed at largely varying feeding intensities written by Feyza Sanver and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating Hepatic Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity as a Cause for the Significant Loss of Amino Acid Utilization Efficiency in Growing Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). by : Justin Robert Chan
Download or read book Investigating Hepatic Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity as a Cause for the Significant Loss of Amino Acid Utilization Efficiency in Growing Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). written by Justin Robert Chan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibit an interesting characteristic where their amino acid utilization efficiency progressively and significantly decreases as they increase in size and age; the cause for which is currently unknown. The catabolic enzyme Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) was assayed to compare its activity level in the liver between two age-classes (0+ and 1+). Total activity per liver (U liver-1) was significantly greater (p
Book Synopsis Effects of Dietary Methionine on Feed Utilization, Plasma Amino Acid Profiles and Gene Expression in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Marine Rolland
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Methionine on Feed Utilization, Plasma Amino Acid Profiles and Gene Expression in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Marine Rolland and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gas Transfer in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Patrick J. R. C. Desforges
Download or read book Gas Transfer in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Patrick J. R. C. Desforges and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The entry of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) into the red blood cell (RBC) via the Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger for dehydration to CO2 has long been regarded as the limiting step of CO2 excretion in fish. The first component of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that proton availability may limit the catalysed dehydration of HCO3- within the extracellular compartment. The results presented in this thesis suggest that H+ availability does not appear to limit plasma HCO3- dehydration in vivo. Furthermore, the enhancement of CO2 excretion by means of the acceleration of HCO3- dehydration within the plasma following the administration of carbonic anhydrase (CA) demonstrated in this thesis was the first in vivo evidence ratifying the hypothesis of the chloride shift as the limiting factor on CO2 excretion in teleost fish. Using the knowledge acquired from the previous chapter, I tested the hypothesis that the slow entry rate of HCO3- into the RBC may be responsible for the apparent diffusion limitations on CO2 excretion. The experiments examined the effect of blood transit time through the gills on gas transfer to test the hypothesis that the efficiency of CO2 excretion is sensitive to changes in blood flow owing to chemical equilibrium limitations, whereas the efficiency of O2 uptake is insensitive to changes in blood flow. The insensitivity of PaO 2 to changes in cardiac output in vivo reaffirms the theory that O2 uptake behaves as a perfusion limited system. However, the sensitivity of CO2 transfer efficiency to changes in cardiac output, coupled with the impact of (CA) availability on this sensitivity, argue strongly that the apparent diffusion limitations on CO2 excretion are, in fact, chemical equilibrium limitations.
Book Synopsis Dietary Factors Affecting Phosphorus and Nitrogen Utilization and Excretion of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Joel Anson Green
Download or read book Dietary Factors Affecting Phosphorus and Nitrogen Utilization and Excretion of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Joel Anson Green and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Requirements for Sulfur Amino Acids and Utilization of D-methionine by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Kyu-IIl Kim
Download or read book Requirements for Sulfur Amino Acids and Utilization of D-methionine by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Kyu-IIl Kim and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Selected Physical and Biological Factors on Efficiency of Gynogenesis and Androgenesis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Marcin Polonis
Download or read book Impact of Selected Physical and Biological Factors on Efficiency of Gynogenesis and Androgenesis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Marcin Polonis and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Timothy John Perkins Publisher :National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada ISBN 13 :9780612170506 Total Pages :142 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (75 download)
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Factors that Cause Variation of the Toxicity of the Phytoplankter, Heterosigma Carterae, to Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss [microform] by : Timothy John Perkins
Download or read book An Investigation of Factors that Cause Variation of the Toxicity of the Phytoplankter, Heterosigma Carterae, to Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss [microform] written by Timothy John Perkins and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1996 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Food consumption, growth and amino acid metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) application of 15N and 13C stable isotope tracers by : Patrick James Campbell
Download or read book Food consumption, growth and amino acid metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) application of 15N and 13C stable isotope tracers written by Patrick James Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Maillard Browning Reaction on Protein Utilization and Plasma Amino Acid Response by Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : Steven M. Plakas
Download or read book Effect of Maillard Browning Reaction on Protein Utilization and Plasma Amino Acid Response by Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Steven M. Plakas and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Fasting Or Feeding Diets Containing Different Levels of Protein Or Amino Acids on the Activities of the Liver Amino Acid-degrading Enzymes and Amino Acid Oxidation in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Kyu-Il Kim
Download or read book Effect of Fasting Or Feeding Diets Containing Different Levels of Protein Or Amino Acids on the Activities of the Liver Amino Acid-degrading Enzymes and Amino Acid Oxidation in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Kyu-Il Kim and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Pedro Miguel Mayos Simoes Encarnacao Publisher :Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada ISBN 13 :9780494110522 Total Pages :213 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis Effect of Diet Composition on Lysine Requirement and Utilization in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) [microform] by : Pedro Miguel Mayos Simoes Encarnacao
Download or read book Effect of Diet Composition on Lysine Requirement and Utilization in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) [microform] written by Pedro Miguel Mayos Simoes Encarnacao and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Amino Acids Regulate Hepatic Intermediary Metabolism-related Gene Expression Via MTORC1-dependent Manner in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Dai Weiwei
Download or read book Amino Acids Regulate Hepatic Intermediary Metabolism-related Gene Expression Via MTORC1-dependent Manner in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Dai Weiwei and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During my doctoral study, we used rainbow trout, a representative carnivorous fish and relevant diabetic model, to study the mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatic intermediary metabolism by nutrients (amino acids (AAs) and glucose), and determine the potential involvement of insulin/Akt and mTORC1 signaling pathways in these regulations. Using acute administration of rapamycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of TOR, we first identified that mTORC1 activation promotes the expression of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis and amino acid catabolism, while Akt negatively regulates gluconeogenic gene expression in rainbow trout liver and primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression is more responsive to dietary protein intake/AAs than dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose during acute stimulations in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we further showed that high levels of AAs up-regulate hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression through an mTORC1-dependent manner, while excessive AAs attenuate insulin-mediated repression of gluconeogenesis through elevating IRS-1 Ser302 phosphorylation, which in turn impairs Akt phosphorylation and dampens insulin action. Finally, using glucose tolerance test and acute inhibition of rapamycin, we concluded that hepatic gluconeogenesis probably plays a major role in controlling glucose homeostasis, which maybe account for the prolonged hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance phenotype of carnivorous fish. The present thesis brings forward our understandings about the roles of protein/AAs in the regulation of hepatic intermediary metabolism in trout and identifies relevant cellular signaling pathways mediating the action of amino acids on metabolism. It also clarifies some nutritional characteristics of the trout.
Book Synopsis Effect of Diet Composition of Lysine Requirement and Utilization in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Pedro Miguel De Matos Simões Silvestre Da Encarnação
Download or read book Effect of Diet Composition of Lysine Requirement and Utilization in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Pedro Miguel De Matos Simões Silvestre Da Encarnação and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Properties of 5'-monodeiodinase and Factors that Affect Its Activity in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Deborah L. Maclatchy
Download or read book Properties of 5'-monodeiodinase and Factors that Affect Its Activity in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Deborah L. Maclatchy and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Growth Dynamics of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Epaxial Muscle by : Anders Kiessling
Download or read book Growth Dynamics of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Epaxial Muscle written by Anders Kiessling and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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