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An Investigation Of Corrosion Mechanisms Of Constructional Alloys In Supercritical Water Oxidation Scwo Systems
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Book Synopsis An Investigation of Corrosion Mechanisms of Constructional Alloys in Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) Systems by : Hojong Kim
Download or read book An Investigation of Corrosion Mechanisms of Constructional Alloys in Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) Systems written by Hojong Kim and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) The suppression of dealloying at supercritical temperatures comes from the low proton concentration associated with the low dissociation constant of HCl and water. However, the growth rate of the dealloyed oxide layer at subcritical temperatures is very fast, which is primarily due to the dealloying and the high diffusivity of the nickel in this defective oxide layer. SCC at subcritical temperatures results from the dealloyed oxide layer formation along the grain boundary as intrusions, which act as a precursor to the crack initiation and propagation. SCC at the supercritical temperature is thought to result from the direct chemical attack of associated HC1 molecules. SCC is not observed in the neutral solution.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Characteristics, Mechanisms and Control Methods of Candidate Alloys in Sub- and Supercritical Water by : Donghai Xu
Download or read book Corrosion Characteristics, Mechanisms and Control Methods of Candidate Alloys in Sub- and Supercritical Water written by Donghai Xu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide comprehensive and systematic introduction and summary of corrosion characteristics, mechanisms, and control methods of candidate alloys in sub- and supercritical water environment. First of all, corrosion types of candidate alloys and the effects of major alloying elements on corrosion resistance of potential alloys in sub- and supercritical water are compared and analyzed. At the same time, research status of candidate materials, and development and application trends of several corrosion-resistant alloys are summarized. Then, corrosion characteristics of Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Fe-Cr and Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu corrosion-resistant alloys, FeCrAl alloy, and Zircaloy are discussed in detail, including the corrosion rate, the structure and composition of oxide film, and the effects of various surface treatment processes, etc. More specifically, it also investigates corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloy, Fe-Ni-based, and stainless steels in supercritical water. The effects of aggressive species on the corrosion behavior of Ni-base alloys are also explored in supercritical water. Readers will further discover the total corrosion processes and mechanisms of typical candidate alloys in sub- and supercritical water environment. Finally, the work explores the corrosion control methods such as ceramic coatings and passivation processes in supercritical water oxidation and in subcritical water, respectively. Future challenges and development trends of corrosion research of candidate materials in sub- and supercritical water environments are covered at the end of this book. It offers valuable reference for theoretically guiding material selection and design and operating parameter optimization of key equipment in the sub- and supercritical water technologies. The book is written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, scholars, and researchers who are interested in corrosion behavior of candidate materials of supercritical water oxidation system, supercritical water gasification system, and nuclear reactor.
Book Synopsis Supercritical Water Processing Technologies for Environment, Energy and Nanomaterial Applications by : Shuzhong Wang
Download or read book Supercritical Water Processing Technologies for Environment, Energy and Nanomaterial Applications written by Shuzhong Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically presents the technical aspects of supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification for energy and environmental applications, which include reactor design, construction materials, corrosion, salt precipitation, etc. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the properties of supercritical water, and the industrial applications, reaction mechanisms and reaction kinetics of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The reactions occurring in supercritical water are complex, and studying their reaction mechanisms is of great importance for the development of supercritical water processing technologies. Accordingly, the book explains the oxidative mechanisms and kinetics of organic matter in supercritical water in detail. However, the harsh reaction conditions in supercritical water can easily create severe reactor corrosion and salt deposition problems. Therefore, the book also comprehensively reports on the mechanism analysis, state of research, and development trends regarding these two problems. Lastly, the book summarizes the development of supercritical water processing technologies, including studies on SCWO and SCWG, as well as near-zero-emission systems of pollutants based on SCWO technology. In short, the book provides a wealth of valuable information for all readers who are interested in using SCWO for organic waste treatment, and in using SCWG for hydrogen production with wet biomass.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Behavior of High-grade Alloys in the Supercritical Water Oxidation of Sludges by : Albert Janney Thomas
Download or read book Corrosion Behavior of High-grade Alloys in the Supercritical Water Oxidation of Sludges written by Albert Janney Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental and Ab Initio Investigations Into the Fundamentals of Corrosion, in the Context of Supercritical Water Oxidation Systems by : Jason Alexander Cline
Download or read book Experimental and Ab Initio Investigations Into the Fundamentals of Corrosion, in the Context of Supercritical Water Oxidation Systems written by Jason Alexander Cline and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion Behavior of Three High-grade Alloys in Supercritical Water Oxidation Environments by : Christopher Frank Matthews
Download or read book Corrosion Behavior of Three High-grade Alloys in Supercritical Water Oxidation Environments written by Christopher Frank Matthews and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion in Supercritical Water Oxidation Systems by : R. M. Latanision
Download or read book Corrosion in Supercritical Water Oxidation Systems written by R. M. Latanision and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory and pilot-scale supercritical water oxidation systems are operating today and that field experience indicates that corrosion in the pre-heater, reactor and cool-down sections of SCWO systems does, as expected, occur: accelerated general corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion cracking have been identified. This provides an imperfect and incomplete if, however, important part of the data base that must, ultimately, be considered in producing large scale commercial SCWO systems. Recognizing the gaps which exist in this base of field experience, this workshop created a first cut at a corrosion research agenda that should provide guidance to designers and equipment manufacturers in screening and qualifying materials of construction for SCWO hardware and monitoring devices. The consensus of those present is that wastage (accelerated general corrosion) is less of a concern than stress corrosion cracking which may lead to premature failure of systems components. A test matrix (see Section 4(a)) was established with the view that this matrix should be pursued in a dedicated SCWO system, the goal being to develop the engineering data base necessary to complement field experience which, in turn, would be used in constructing scaled-up systems. The test matrix takes into account the recognition that stress corrosion cracking is intimately a function of the microstructure of candidate materials (which is dependent on the processing history), the chemistry of the service environment, and the state of mechanical stress of the component in question. Stress corrosion cracking will only occur if a susceptible microstructure is exposed to a hostile environment in the presence of tensile stress. If any one of these elements is absent, SCC will not occur. In essence, what is required is an understanding of the range of conditions in SCWO systems where the coincidence of solid state-chemical-mechanical factors converge leading to SCC. The proposed dedicated SCWO test system would be instrumented to monitor pH, Cl-, 02, H2 and electrode potentials as well as crack initiation / propagation rates, the latter likely achieved by the potential drop method. Additionally, given the sometimes very high rate of corrosion (wastage) that has been observed in the field, provision should be made to include test coupons to allow monitoring of both general and localized (pitting) corrosion. As is often true in the development of engineering systems, engineering is likely to outpace fundamental (mechanistic) understanding of failure phenomena. It is likely that as the data base of both field and laboratory experience expands (including required inspection and maintenance tools and approaches) improved systems will be developed. In the interim it is essential to carefully manage the technological, economic and safety-related issues that are attendant with the development of engineering systems of all kinds..
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis General Reviews of Electrochemical and Corrosion Phenomena Under Conditions Associated with Supercritical Water Oxidation by : Christopher Russell Sydnor
Download or read book General Reviews of Electrochemical and Corrosion Phenomena Under Conditions Associated with Supercritical Water Oxidation written by Christopher Russell Sydnor and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preliminary Corrosion Studies of Candidate Materials for Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor Systems by : John Clarke Orzalli
Download or read book Preliminary Corrosion Studies of Candidate Materials for Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor Systems written by John Clarke Orzalli and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental test facility has been designed and constructed for investigation of the corrosion behavior of candidate materials in a supercritical water oxidation environment. The high temperatures (500 deg C) and high pressures (300 atm) required in this process, made the experimental apparatus construction and control a complex engineering problem. The facility consists of two systems. The first is an exposure autoclave internal volume 850 ml, with associated monitoring and control systems for conducting long term exposure testing of test coupons and U-bends. The second is an electrochemical cell with a potentiostat and frequency response analyzer for conducting Electronic Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in the supercritical water environment. Exposure testing of three candidate materials; Inconel 625, Hastelloy C-276 and 316 stainless steel was conducted at three temperature regimes corresponding to three locations in a SCWO waste treatment system. Preliminary results are presented in an environment of demineralized water as a control. Experimental results indicate evidence of a film on the materials characterized by slight weight gain. Light and confocal laser light microscopic evaluations revealed the presence of localized pitting corrosion on the Inconel 625.
Book Synopsis Corrosion of selected alloys in sub- and supercritical water oxidation environments by : Todd Andrew Danielson
Download or read book Corrosion of selected alloys in sub- and supercritical water oxidation environments written by Todd Andrew Danielson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ASM Handbook by : ASM International. Handbook Committee
Download or read book ASM Handbook written by ASM International. Handbook Committee and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes cover the properties, processing, and applications of metals and nonmetallic engineering materials. They are designed to provide the authoritative information and data necessary for the appropriate selection of materials to meet critical design and performance criteria.
Book Synopsis Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies by : Igor Pioro
Download or read book Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies written by Igor Pioro and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-05-20 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using SuperCritical Fluids (SCFs) in various processes is not new, because Mother Nature has been processing minerals in aqueous solutions at critical and supercritical pressures for billions of years. Somewhere in the 20th century, SCFs started to be used in various industries as working fluids, coolants, chemical agents, etc. Written by an international team of experts and complete with the latest research, development, and design, Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies is a unique technical book, completely dedicated to modern and advanced applications of supercritical fluids in various industries.Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies provides engineers and specialists in various industries dealing with SCFs as well as researchers, scientists, and students of the corresponding departments with a comprehensive overview of the current status, latest trends and developments of these technologies.Dr Igor Pioro is a professor at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada, and the Founding Editor of the ASME Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science.
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Metal Corrosion in Supercritical Brines: Application to Supercritical Water Oxidation of Hazardous Wastes by :
Download or read book Experimental Study of Metal Corrosion in Supercritical Brines: Application to Supercritical Water Oxidation of Hazardous Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corrosion behavior of Hastelloy C, ticanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, and gold have been studied as a function of temperature (200 degrees - 4000 degrees C), acid concentration (0 0.02 mol/Kg), oxygen content (0.1-1 mol %) and NaCi content (0-0.2 mol/Kg). The intent of these experiments was to determine an empirical rate law for corrosion of these metals as a function of the parameters listed above. Due to the complexity of the corrosion behavior of these metals and the different responses of different metals, rate law determination was not possible. However, our results qualitatively indicate that Nb and Zr are not suitable for service under SCWO conditions, for they rapidly convert to oxides which erode into the fluid. Ti proved resistant to dissolution into the fluids, but was subject to pitting corrosion. Au was subject to galvanic effects, which increased its dissolution rate. This suggests that gold would not be suitable for use with other metals in a SCWO system. Stainless steel and Hastelloy C displayed fairly rapid corrosion, with Ni and Mn preferentially dissolving out of the metal and Cr and Mo remaining begin Tantalum proved to be the most resistant metal tested, and is an excellent candidate for possible long-term use under
Book Synopsis Corrosion and Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Alloys in Supercritical Water by : Yashar Behnamian
Download or read book Corrosion and Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Alloys in Supercritical Water written by Yashar Behnamian and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present research has been done with the intent of evaluating the corrosion resistance and cracking susceptibility of some commercial candidate alloys that can be potentially used in Gen-IV supercritical water reactor (SCWR). The mechanism of the crack initiation in austenitic alloys exposed to SCW is not entirely understood and experimental data for performance in long-term exposure and upside down situation are not available yet. Fundamentally, austenitic and nickel-base alloys have always attracted a significant attention in power generation industry. However, using these materials for such purposes is limited due to their susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). With this in mind, this study was focused on investigation of oxidation of several grades of austenitic stainless steels, and nickel-based alloy exposed to the supercritical water (SCW) at 800 °C for 12 h. Morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of oxide films formed on stainless steels (SS) 347H, 316L, and 310S, and alloys 625, 214, C2000, and 800H upon SCW exposure were studied using the weight measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that alloying elements can substantially influence the oxidation of austenitic alloys exposed to SCW at high temperature (800 °C) for around 12 h. Results confirmed the presence of a duplex oxide layer consisting of Fe-Cr and Cr-Ni spinel/Cr2O3 on the substrate surface. In addition, the corrosion behavior of SS 316L capsules was investigated after 20,000 h SCW exposure at the temperature of 500 °C. Specimens were analyzed by electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique. The film of the corrosion products was composed of an outer layer of magnetite and an inner layer of spinel structure. By increasing the exposure time, a rougher surface and thicker oxide film was approached, which were identified as Fe3O4 + spinel/Cr2O3/Ni-enrichment + SS 316L from the outer to the inner layer. Microcrack initiation was evident around the oxidized grain boundaries. The possible oxidation mechanism was studied and discussed as well. Furthermore, the oxidation behavior of capsules which were made of SS 310S was investigated after 20,000 h exposure to SCW at 500 °C. Later on, samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-rays, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results revealed that two distinct oxide layers including an outer layer of magnetite and an inner layer of spinel had been formed on the inner surface of the SS 310S capsules. Long exposure to SCW resulted in formation a rougher surface and thicker oxide scale, identified as Fe3O4 + spinel/Cr2O3/Ni-enrichment + SS 310S alloy from the outer to the inner layer. The most probable oxidation and microcrack susceptibility mechanism were proposed and discussed. By employing the complementary characterization techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, conventional selected area electron diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and advanced electron energy loss spectroscopy, it was recognized that the cracks tip were oxidized and had a three-layer morphology in which all the layers tapered toward the crack tip. In the complementary step, the impact of SCW exposure time on the corrosion behavior of 304-ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) steel in SCW (at the temperature of 650 °C) was investigated. The exposed coupons were analyzed by scanning/transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The results demonstrated that the weight gain increased by escalating the SCW exposure time, following a parabolic behavior. An oxide scale was formed on 304-ODS alloy which was made of two distinct layers, including an outer layer of magnetite (Fe3O4) and an inner layer of FeCr2O4/(Fe,Cr)2O3. Additionally, the oxidation mechanism was discussed.
Book Synopsis Preliminary corrosion studies of candidate materials for supercritical water oxidation reactor systems : thesis by : John Clarke Orzalli
Download or read book Preliminary corrosion studies of candidate materials for supercritical water oxidation reactor systems : thesis written by John Clarke Orzalli and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
