An Introduction To The Political And Technical Challenges Posed By Sea Dumped Chemical And Conventional Weapons

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An Introduction to the Political and Technical Challenges Posed by Sea-dumped Chemical and Conventional Weapons

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Political and Technical Challenges Posed by Sea-dumped Chemical and Conventional Weapons by :

Download or read book An Introduction to the Political and Technical Challenges Posed by Sea-dumped Chemical and Conventional Weapons written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potential environmental and human health effects resulting from the dumping of World War I and World War II-era conventional and chemical weapons in the Baltic Sea are of continuing concern. It is not possible to identify, and safely recover or otherwise 'remediate' all of the munitions that have been dumped. Some munitions will continue to be uncovered inadvertently. Therefore, procedures for the identification and reporting of recovered munitions should be maintained and, where possible, strengthened. Estimating an overall cost for the recovery and remediation of all dumped munitions is problematic. A standard operating procedure for the disposal of such weapons is to detonate individual munitions that are judged to pose a clear and present threat. Techniques for locating and handling munitions at varying depths and databases of geographic, environmental and other information continue to be developed. The paper recommends that any policy approach to the recovery and remediation of dumped munitions should be reasoned and balanced. Any decision to recover or remediate dumped munitions should be informed by technical and scientific requirements, and any policy process should be guided by these principles. Further efforts should be carried out to achieve common understanding on risk (quantitative and qualitative) and the implementation of appropriate risk management strategies.

International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons

Author : Grant Dawson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192694340
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons by : Grant Dawson

Download or read book International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons written by Grant Dawson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the two world wars of the twentieth century, governments decided to dispose of unwanted chemical weapons in the world's oceans. The deleterious consequences of this decision for the earth's precious marine environment are now becoming clear. As the issue of sea-dumped chemical weapons cannot be contained by borders, we will all have to deal with the adverse effects on our fragile planetary ecosystem. While states have made some efforts to address the situation, unresolved international legal issues remain. International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons contains a systematic conceptual analysis of the international legal frameworks governing the remediation of sea-dumped chemical weapons. Where deficiencies are found in the law, legal solutions are offered. In addition, practical approaches to the problem are explored. Furthermore, the book argues that solutions to this environmental hazard rely on a holistic awareness-and acceptance-of how humanity's past actions have damaged our ecosystem. Aiming to bring about the necessary will to overcome this challenge, this volume identifies and analyses the problem, offers guidance, and provides hope to the current and succeeding generations so that we can solve the problem of sea-dumped chemical weapons and restore balance to our ecosystem.

Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions

Author : A.V. Kaffka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401587132
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions by : A.V. Kaffka

Download or read book Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions written by A.V. Kaffka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarises the materials presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sea-Dumped Chemical Munitions, held in Kaliningrad (Moscow Region), Russia, in January 1995. The conference was sponsored by the NATO Division of Scientific and Environmental Affairs in the framework of its outreach programme to develop co-operation between NATO member countries and the Cooperation Partner countries in the area of disarmament technologies. The problem of the ecological threat posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumped in the seas after the Second World War deserves considerable international attention: the amount of these weapons, many of them having been captured from the German Army, is assessed at more than three times as much as the total chemical arsenals reported by the United States and Russia. They were disposed of in the shallow depths of North European seas - areas of active fishing - in close proximity to densely populated coastlines, with no consideration of the long-term consequences. The highly toxic material have time and again showed up, for instance when retrieved occasionally in the fishing nets, attracting local media coverage only. Nevertheless, this issue has not yet been given adequate and comprehensive scientific analysis, the sea-disposed munitions are not covered by either the Chemical Weapons Convention or other arms control treaties. In fact, the problem has been neglected for a long time on the international level. Only recently were official data made available by the countries which admitted conducting dumping operations.

Dismantlement and Destruction of Chemical, Nuclear and Conventional Weapons

Author : N. Schulte
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940171276X
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Dismantlement and Destruction of Chemical, Nuclear and Conventional Weapons by : N. Schulte

Download or read book Dismantlement and Destruction of Chemical, Nuclear and Conventional Weapons written by N. Schulte and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end ofthe Cold War opened unprecedented opportunities for reductions in weapons of mass destruction. With these opportunities came new challenges, both scientific and political. Traditionally approached by different groups, the scientific, technical and political challenges are inextricably intertwined. Agreements to dismantle and destroy chemical, nuclear and conventional weapons, after having been negotiated via diplomatic channels, require the expertise of scientists associated with their development to determine the safest and most environmentally sound methods of destruction. It is in this context that representatives from sixteen countries and five international organizations were convened jointly by NATO, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany and the State Government of North Rhine Westphalia 19-21 May, 1996 in a meeting near Bonn to take stock of worldwide efforts to destroy and dismantle chemical, nuclear and conventional weapons remaining after the end ofthe Cold War. NATO support was provided under the auspices of the NATO Science Committee's Panel on Disarmament Technologies. The conference brought together the major actors involved in the dismantlement and destruction of chemical, nuclear and conventional weapons, highlighted the substantial accomplishments achieved in this area and pinpointed the remaining technical obstacles still to be overcome. It also underlined the critical importance of transparency, data exchange and verification as indispensable preconditions for disarmament and cooperative security.

The Challenge of Old Chemical Munitions and Toxic Armament Wastes

Author : Thomas Stock
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Challenge of Old Chemical Munitions and Toxic Armament Wastes by : Thomas Stock

Download or read book The Challenge of Old Chemical Munitions and Toxic Armament Wastes written by Thomas Stock and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 1993, eighteen experts from ten countries met in Munster, Germany to discuss various aspects of the problem of old chemical munitions and toxic armaments wastes. This comprehensive study discusses the characteristics of chemical warfare agents and toxic armament wastes, past chemical weapons production activities, chemical weapons disposal and destruction, sea dumping of chemical weapons, and legal issues related to old chemical munitions and toxic armament wastes.

Dumped Chemical Weapons in the Sea; Options

Author : Egbert Klaas Duursma
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781496077240
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (772 download)

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Book Synopsis Dumped Chemical Weapons in the Sea; Options by : Egbert Klaas Duursma

Download or read book Dumped Chemical Weapons in the Sea; Options written by Egbert Klaas Duursma and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-24 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baltic Sea *Although leaked chemical warfare (CW) gases rapidly hydrolyse in sea water, potential risks of serious contamination will exist for many decades for sailors, fishermen and coastal visitors of the Baltic Sea, in particular concerning contact with lumps of mustard gas. *Since 72% of the CW agents is contained in aircraft bombs, which are already in various stages of corrosion and 63% of all CW agents is S-mustard gas, the loss by lumps of mustard, spread over the seabed in the neighbourhood of dump sites, represents the greatest danger. *There remain sites at risk outside the Allied Forces dump sites, since during the disposal procedures before 1948, ammunition was thrown overboard between the discharge ports of Wolfgast and Peenemunde and the dump sites east of Bornholm and south of Gotland. *Blue prints of emergency plans should be available in order to confine, bury or destroy ammunition at risk. Skagerak *Most dumped CW ammunition is contained in deliberately sunken vessels. *Implosion of the chemical weapon's cargo in these vessels, due to its own weight, may increase loss of CW agents, in particular from corroded aircraft bombs. *Several wrecked ships have been located outside the dump site as indicated on the nautical charts. *Steps should be taken to sarcophage the wrecked ships in order to avoid an eventual contamination of the eastern North Sea and coastal waters of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. General *Although the Helsinki Commission, through its ad hoc Working Group HELCOM CHEMU has correctly evaluated the present risks of the dumped CW ammunition, it is obvious that the authorities of the Baltic States and Norway should be prepared to act jointly in emergency situations.

Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons

Author : A. V. Kaffka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789401587143
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons by : A. V. Kaffka

Download or read book Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons written by A. V. Kaffka and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants

Download Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants PDF Online Free

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309126835
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants by : National Research Council

Download or read book Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-05-22 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army's ability to meet public and congressional demands to destroy expeditiously all of the U.S. declared chemical weapons would be enhanced by the selection and acquisition of appropriate explosive destruction technologies (EDTs) to augment the main technologies to be used to destroy the chemical weapons currently at the Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD) in Kentucky and the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in Colorado. The Army is considering four EDTs for the destruction of chemical weapons: three from private sector vendors, and a fourth, Army-developed explosive destruction system (EDS). This book updates earlier evaluations of these technologies, as well as any other viable detonation technologies, based on several considerations including process maturity, process efficacy, process throughput, process safety, public and regulatory acceptability, and secondary waste issues, among others. It also provides detailed information on each of the requirements at BGAD and PCD and rates each of the existing suitable EDTs plus the Army's EDS with respect to how well it satisfies these requirements.

Chemical Warfare

Author : Frederic Joseph Brown
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 141281944X
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Warfare by : Frederic Joseph Brown

Download or read book Chemical Warfare written by Frederic Joseph Brown and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2005-10-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of 9/11, the potential terror of weapons of mass destruction--from nuclear, biological, and chemical to dirty bombs--preoccupies national security experts. In Chemical Warfare, Frederic J. Brown, presents a cogent, innovative framework for understanding the historical forces that have restrained the use of WMD and how they continue to have relevance today. Analyzing both world wars, he argues that the restraints on use were complex and often unpredictable and ranged from the political to the technological. The author offers a detailed examination of American chemical warfare policy as it was shaped by industry and public sentiment, as well as national and military leaders. The organization of the book into three parts reflects the importance of battlefield experiences during the First World War and of international political restraints as they evolved during the interwar years and culminated in "no first use" policies by major powers in World War II. Part I examines the use of chemical weapons in World War I as it influenced subsequent national policy decisions. Part II focuses on the evolution of political, military, economic, and psychological restraints from 1919 to 1939. Part III discusses World War II during two critical periods: 1939 to early 1942, when the environment of the war was being established largely without American influence; and during 1945, when the United States faced no credible threat of retaliation to deter its strategic and battlefield use of chemical weapons. Written at the height of controversy about the U.S. use of chemicals in Vietnam, Chemical Warfare offers a valuable historical perspective, as relevant now in its analysis of chemical and also nuclear policy as it was when first published.

The Sea Disposal of Chemical Weapons

Author : H. Lindsey Arison, III
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781481250993
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sea Disposal of Chemical Weapons by : H. Lindsey Arison, III

Download or read book The Sea Disposal of Chemical Weapons written by H. Lindsey Arison, III and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1946 and 1990, on the order of 754,975 tons (over 1.5 billion pounds or 684 million kilograms) of chemical weapons were disposed in European waters. At least 21 European Nations are now potentially at risk because of the expected toxic effect on marine life and the food chain.Critical research revealed in over 400 print pages contains 111 images including 23 declassified TOP SECRET, SECRET, CONFIDENTIAL, and RESTRICTED documents, 40 photographs, and 17 maps.Principal Chapters:• Evolution of Plans for the Disposition of Captured Chemical Weapons• Accounting of All Captured Chemical Weapons• Accounting of All Sea-Disposed Chemical Weapons• Locations of the Scuttled Ships• Estimated Total Chemical Warfare Agents Disposed in European Waters• Legal Responsibilities of States• Conclusion and The Imperative for an International Strategy“Bottom Line”The environmental and public health problems facing European nations incident to the anticipated release of potentially massive amounts of slowly hydrolyzing nerve and blister agents into the marine environment are more critical and urgent than generally supposed. Increased incidents of human and marine injury in recent years have convinced many the threat of chemical poisons leaking from the deteriorating shells, canisters, and containers on the ocean floor is an imminent and insoluble problem. The fundamental premise of this study is that when the these sea disposals occurred, dumping of toxic CW into the ocean was the preferred disposal method and was not an act of malevolence or ill will. Such dumping was not prohibited and the effect on the environment was simply not considered important at that time. It is therefore not the intent of this book to affix blame or culpability.Rather, a detailed analysis of principal findings underscores the imperative for an international strategy and a proposal for international collaboration and cooperation in addressing the potential problem is advanced. THIS IS THE BLACK & WHITE VERSION.THE FULL COLOR VERSION IS ALSO AVAILABLE.Key Links:• The Institute for Sea-Disposed Chemical Weapons:http://www.isdcw.org• Facebook Sites: o Book: “The Sea Disposal of Chemical Weapons”: http://www.facebook.com/TSDCW o Institute for Sea-Disposed Chemical Weapons: http://www.facebook.com/157185534305736

U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean by :

Download or read book U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Challenge of Chemical Weapons

Author : Victor A. Utgoff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Challenge of Chemical Weapons by : Victor A. Utgoff

Download or read book The Challenge of Chemical Weapons written by Victor A. Utgoff and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces through more than a century of evolving chemical weapons technology, public attitudes toward these weapons, attempts to negotiate controls on them and important instances in which nations chose to use or forego the use of them. Analyses the potential deterrent role of chemical weapons for NATO and the political-military roles that these weapons might play in the Third World. Projects four major challenges arising from chemical and biological weapons.

Sensing of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents, Nerve Agent Simulants, and their Toxicological Aspects

Author : Sangita Das
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323906729
Total Pages : 766 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensing of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents, Nerve Agent Simulants, and their Toxicological Aspects by : Sangita Das

Download or read book Sensing of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents, Nerve Agent Simulants, and their Toxicological Aspects written by Sangita Das and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensing of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents, Nerve Agent Simulants, and their Toxicological Aspects provides a general overview of the development and performance of different novel molecular frameworks as potent vehicles for sensing Chemical Weapons (CWs). The chapters are contributed by leading researchers in the areas of materials science, medical science, chemical science, and nanotechnology from industries, academics, government and private research institutions across the globe. It covers cover topics such as inorganic nanocomposites, hyperbranched polymers, and graphene heterojunctions for effective sensing of CW agents. This book is a highly valuable reference source for graduates, post-graduates, and research scholars primarily in the fields of materials science, medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, and nanoscience and nanotechnology. In addition, almost all analytical techniques will be discussed, making this a first-rate reference for professors, students, and scientists in many industries. Provides an efficient, reliable, and highly versatile approach for the synthesis of different molecular systems suitable for diversity-oriented strategies, structure-activity studies and molecular tailoring for the sensing of chemical warfare agents Goes into depth on new binary organogels, discrete carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and has endowed electrochemical chemosensors (ECCSs) with high selectivity and sensitivity towards the detection of chemical warfare agent Highlights in detail the detection of CWs by composite optical waveguide sensors, and describes disposable biofilm biosensors for sensitive detection of biotoxicity in water with treatment of nerve agent poisoning

Towards the Monitoring of Dumped Munitions Threat (MODUM)

Author : Jacek Bełdowski
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789402411522
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards the Monitoring of Dumped Munitions Threat (MODUM) by : Jacek Bełdowski

Download or read book Towards the Monitoring of Dumped Munitions Threat (MODUM) written by Jacek Bełdowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the creation of a monitoring network, which can provide information about the exact locations and the environmental threats posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumpsites in the Baltic Sea region, using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs), and utilising the existing research vessels of NATO partner institutions as launching platforms. The dumping operations occurred shortly after World War II and included captured German munitions. Operations with munitions from the Soviet occupation zone were performed by the Soviet Navy, operations with munitions from British and American occupation zones were performed in areas outside of the Baltic Sea (Skagerrak Strait); the fate of munitions from the French occupation zone was never reported. Due to difficult legal status of these munitions, and high costs of remediation and retrieval, removal of these weapons from the bottom of the Baltic Sea seems unlikely in the foreseeable future. These dumped chemical weapons pose an actual environmental and security hazard in the Baltic Sea Region. Nowadays, with more and more industrial activities being performed in the Baltic Sea Area, the threat level is rising. The AUV survey is based on the IVER2 platform by OceanServer, equipped with Klein 3500 side-scan sonar. The identification phase utilises several ROVs, equipped with targeting sonars, acoustic cameras capable of penetrating turbid bottom waters up to 20m, and visual HD cameras. A novel sediment sampling system, based on a camera and sonar equipped cassette sampler, has been developed to obtain surface sediments. The test phase described consists of a survey phase, which will locate the actual objects concerned, and a monitoring phase, which will concentrate on the collection of environmental data close to the objects concerned.

Blue Legalities

Author : Irus Braverman
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478007281
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Blue Legalities by : Irus Braverman

Download or read book Blue Legalities written by Irus Braverman and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean and its inhabitants sketch and stretch our understandings of law in unexpected ways. Inspired by the blue turn in the social sciences and humanities, Blue Legalities explores how regulatory frameworks and governmental infrastructures are made, reworked, and contested in the oceans. Its interdisciplinary contributors analyze topics that range from militarization and Maori cosmologies to island building in the South China Sea and underwater robotics. Throughout, Blue Legalities illuminates the vast and unusual challenges associated with regulating the turbulent materialities and lives of the sea. Offering much more than an analysis of legal frameworks, the chapters in this volume show how the more-than-human ocean is central to the construction of terrestrial institutions and modes of governance. By thinking with the more-than-human ocean, Blue Legalities questions what we think we know—and what we don’t know—about oceans, our earthly planet, and ourselves. Contributors. Stacy Alaimo, Amy Braun, Irus Braverman, Holly Jean Buck, Jennifer L. Gaynor, Stefan Helmreich, Elizabeth R. Johnson, Stephanie Jones, Zsofia Korosy, Berit Kristoffersen, Jessica Lehman, Astrida Neimanis, Susan Reid, Alison Rieser, Katherine G. Sammler, Astrid Schrader, Kristen L. Shake, Phil Steinberg

Dumped chemical weapons in the sea

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Dumped chemical weapons in the sea by :

Download or read book Dumped chemical weapons in the sea written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons

Author : Grant Dawson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780192694331
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (943 download)

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Book Synopsis International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons by : Grant Dawson

Download or read book International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons written by Grant Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a comprehensive legal analysis of the international frameworks governing the remediation of sea-dumped chemical weapons. It offers legal solutions to remedy sea-dumped chemical weapons and practical recommendations that can be put into practice by governments, scientists, industry, and civil society.