An International Perspective On Advancing Technologies And Strategies For Managing Dual Use Risks

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An International Perspective on Advancing Technologies and Strategies for Managing Dual-Use Risks

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309181429
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis An International Perspective on Advancing Technologies and Strategies for Managing Dual-Use Risks by : National Research Council

Download or read book An International Perspective on Advancing Technologies and Strategies for Managing Dual-Use Risks written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-11-08 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of a study of current and future research in the life sciences that contains applications relevant to development of agents of biological origin 5 to 10 years into the future, an NRC/IOM committee held an international workshop in 2004 to examine advancing technologies from a global point of view. Experts from different fields and from around the world presented their diverse outlooks on these technologies and forces that drive technological progress; local and regional capacities for life sciences research, development, and application (both beneficial and nefarious); national perceptions of the dual-use risk of advancing technologies; and strategic measures that have been taken or could be taken to manage the use of technology for malevolent purposes. This report summarizes the formal and informal discussions held at the workshop.

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309458889
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.

Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309111919
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-11-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a series of regional meetings on university campuses with officials from the national security community and academic research institutions, this report identifies specific actions that should be taken to maintain a thriving scientific research environment in an era of heightened security concerns. Actions include maintaining the open exchange of scientific information, fostering a productive environment for international scholars in the U.S., reexamining federal definitions of sensitive but unclassified research, and reviewing policies on deemed export controls. The federal government should establish a standing entity, preferably a Science and Security Commission, that would review policies regarding the exchange of information and the participation of foreign-born scientists and students in research.

Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309478022
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuing advances in science and technology offer the promise of providing tools to meet global challenges in health, agriculture, the environment, and economic development; some of the benefits are already being realized. However, such advances have the potential to challenge the oversight systems for responsible conduct of life sciences research with dual use potential â€" research that may have beneficial applications but that also could be misused to cause harm. Between June 10 and 13, 2018, more than 70 participants from 30 different countries and 5 international organizations took part in an international workshop, The Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences: Advancing Global Consensus on Research Oversight, to promote global dialogue and increased common understandings of the essential elements of governance for such research. Hosted by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb, Croatia, the workshop was a collaboration among the InterAcademy Partnership, the Croatian Academy, the Croatian Society for Biosafety and Biosecurity, and the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Innovation, Dual Use, and Security

Author : Jonathan B. Tucker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262300893
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovation, Dual Use, and Security by : Jonathan B. Tucker

Download or read book Innovation, Dual Use, and Security written by Jonathan B. Tucker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A framework for assessing the security risks of emerging dual-use technologies and devising tailored governance strategies is proposed and applied to contemporary case studies. Recent advances in disciplines such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and neuropharmacology entail a “dual-use dilemma” because they promise benefits for human health and welfare yet pose the risk of misuse for hostile purposes. The emerging field of synthetic genomics, for example, can produce custom DNA molecules for life-saving drugs but also makes possible the creation of deadly viral agents for biological warfare or terrorism. The challenge for policymakers is to prevent the misuse of these new technologies without forgoing their benefits. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a systematic approach for managing the dual-use dilemma. The book presents a “decision framework” for assessing the security risks of emerging technologies and fashioning governance strategies to manage those risks. This framework is applied to fourteen contemporary case studies, including synthetic genomics, DNA shuffling and directed evolution, combinatorial chemistry, protein engineering, immunological modulation, and aerosol vaccines. The book also draws useful lessons from two historical cases: the development of the V-series nerve agents in Britain and the use and misuse of LSD by the U.S. Army and the CIA. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a comprehensive, multifaceted introduction to the challenges of governing dual-use technologies in an era of rapid innovation. The book will be of interest to government officials and other practitioners as well as to students and scholars in security studies, science and technology studies, biology, and chemistry.

International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309057299
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade by : National Research Council

Download or read book International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-10 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309100321
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences by : National Research Council

Download or read book Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-07-07 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways-leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers.

Innovation, Dual Use, and Security

Author : Jonathan B. Tucker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262017172
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovation, Dual Use, and Security by : Jonathan B. Tucker

Download or read book Innovation, Dual Use, and Security written by Jonathan B. Tucker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in disciplines such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and neuropharmacology entail a "dual-use dilemma" because they promise benefits for human health and welfare yet pose the risk of misuse for hostile purposes. The emerging field of synthetic genomics, for example, can produce custom DNA molecules for life-saving drugs but also makes possible the creation of deadly viral agents for biological warfare or terrorism. The challenge for policymakers is to prevent the misuse of these new technologies without forgoing their benefits . Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a systematic approach for managing the dual-use dilemma. The book presents a "decision framework" for assessing the security risks of emerging technologies and fashioning governance strategies to manage those risks. This framework is applied to fourteen contemporary case studies, including synthetic genomics, DNA shuffling and directed evolution, combinatorial chemistry, protein engineering, immunological modulation, and aerosol vaccines. The book also draws useful lessons from two historical cases: the development of the V-series nerve agents in Britain and the use and misuse of LSD by the U.S. Army and the CIA. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a comprehensive, multifaceted introduction to the challenges of governing dual-use technologies in an era of rapid innovation. The book will be of interest to government officials and other practitioners as well as to students and scholars in security studies, science and technology studies, biology, and chemistry.

Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309164753
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences by : National Research Council

Download or read book Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-07 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways-leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers.

Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza

Author : Committee on Science, Technology, and Law
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309267765
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza by : Committee on Science, Technology, and Law

Download or read book Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza written by Committee on Science, Technology, and Law and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When, in late 2011, it became public knowledge that two research groups had submitted for publication manuscripts that reported on their work on mammalian transmissibility of a lethal H5N1 avian influenza strain, the information caused an international debate about the appropriateness and communication of the researchers' work, the risks associated with the work, partial or complete censorship of scientific publications, and dual-use research of concern in general. Recognizing that the H5N1 research is only the most recent scientific activity subject to widespread attention due to safety and security concerns, on May 1, 2012, the National Research Council's Committee on Science, Technology and Law, in conjunction with the Board on Life Sciences and the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats, convened a one-day public workshop for the purposes of 1) discussing the H5N1 controversy; 2) considering responses by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which had funded this research, the World Health Organization, the U.S. National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), scientific publishers, and members of the international research community; and 3) providing a forum wherein the concerns and interests of the broader community of stakeholders, including policy makers, biosafety and biosecurity experts, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and the general public might be articulated. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Enquiry, Communication, Controversy summarizes the proceedings of the workshop.

Synthetic Biology 2020: Frontiers in Risk Analysis and Governance

Author : Benjamin D. Trump
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030272648
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthetic Biology 2020: Frontiers in Risk Analysis and Governance by : Benjamin D. Trump

Download or read book Synthetic Biology 2020: Frontiers in Risk Analysis and Governance written by Benjamin D. Trump and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic biology offers powerful remedies for some of the world’s most intractable problems, but these solutions are clouded by uncertainty and risk that few strategies are available to address. The incentives for continued development of this emerging technology are prodigious and obvious, and the public deserves assurances that all potential downsides are duly considered and minimized accordingly. Incorporating social science analysis within the innovation process may impose constraints, but its simultaneous support in making the end products more acceptable to society at large should be considered a worthy trade-off. Contributing authors in this volume represent diverse perspectives related to synthetic biology’s social sciences, and reflect on different areas of risk analysis and governance that have developed for the field. Such perspectives include leading scholarly discussion pertaining to risk assessment, governance, ethics, and communication. The chapters of this volume note that while the first twenty years of synthetic biology development have focused strongly on technological innovation and product development, the next twenty should emphasize the synergy between developers, policymakers, and publics to generate the most beneficial, well governed, and transparent technologies and products possible. Many chapters in this volume provide new data and approaches that demonstrate the feasibility for multi-stakeholder efforts involving policymakers, regulators, industrial developers, workers, experts, and societal representatives to share responsibilities in the production of effective and acceptable governance in the face of uncertain risk probabilities. A full consideration of such perspectives may prevent a world of draconian regulations based on an insufficient or incomplete understanding of the science that underpins synthetic biology, as well as any hesitancy or fear by the public to adopt its eventual products.

Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences

Author : Seumas Miller
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402083122
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences by : Seumas Miller

Download or read book Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences written by Seumas Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-30 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is the Dual-Use Dilemma? The so-called “dual-use dilemma” arises in the context of research in the biological and other sciences as a consequence of the fact that one and the same piece of sci- tific research sometimes has the potential to be used for harm as well as for good. A dual-use dilemma is an ethical dilemma, and an ethical dilemma for the researcher (and for those who have the power or authority to assist or impede the researcher’s work, e. g. , governments). It is an ethical dilemma since it is about promoting good in the context of the potential for also causing harm, e. g. , the p- motion of health in the context of providing the wherewithal for the killing of in- cents. It is an ethical dilemma for the researcher not because he or she is aiming at anything other than a good outcome; typically, the researcher intends no harm, but only good. Rather, the dilemma arises for the researcher because of the potential actions of others. Malevolent non-researchers might steal dangerous biological agents produced by the researcher; alternatively, other researchers—or at least their governments or leadership—might use the results of the original researcher’s work for malevolent purposes. The malevolent purposes in question include bioterrorism, biowarfare and blackmail for financial gain.

Over the Horizon Proliferation Threats

Author : James Wirtz
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804774013
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Over the Horizon Proliferation Threats by : James Wirtz

Download or read book Over the Horizon Proliferation Threats written by James Wirtz and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In every decade of the nuclear era, one or two states have developed nuclear weapons despite the international community's opposition to proliferation. In the coming years, the breakdown of security arrangements, especially in the Middle East and Northeast Asia, could drive additional countries to seek their own nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) weapons and missiles. This likely would produce greater instability, more insecure states, and further proliferation. Are there steps concerned countries can take to anticipate, prevent, or dissuade the next generation of proliferators? Are there countries that might reassess their decision to forgo a nuclear arsenal? This volume brings together top international security experts to examine the issues affecting a dozen or so countries' nuclear weapons policies over the next decade. In Part I, National Decisions in Perspective, the work describes the domestic political consideration and international pressures that shape national nuclear policies of several key states. In Part II, Fostering Nonproliferation, the contributors discuss the factors that shape the future motivations and capabilities of various states to acquire nuclear weapons, and assess what the world community can do to counter this process. The future utility of bilateral and multilateral security assurances, treaty-based nonproliferation regimes, and other policy instruments are covered thoroughly.

Technology and Security in the 21st Century

Author : Amitav Mallik
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780199271764
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (717 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology and Security in the 21st Century by : Amitav Mallik

Download or read book Technology and Security in the 21st Century written by Amitav Mallik and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Life Sciences and Related Fields

Author : International Union of Microbiological Societies
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309210712
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Sciences and Related Fields by : International Union of Microbiological Societies

Download or read book Life Sciences and Related Fields written by International Union of Microbiological Societies and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, national and international scientific organizations have become increasingly engaged in considering how to respond to the biosecurity implications of developments in the life sciences and in assessing trends in science and technology (S&T) relevant to biological and chemical weapons nonproliferation. The latest example is an international workshop, Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention, held October 31 - November 3, 2010 at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. Life Sciences and Related Fields summarizes the workshop, plenary, and breakout discussion sessions held during this convention. Given the immense diversity of current research and development, the report is only able to provide an overview of the areas of science and technology the committee believes are potentially relevant to the future of the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention (BWC), although there is an effort to identify areas that seemed particularly ripe for further exploration and analysis. The report offers findings and conclusions organized around three fundamental and frequently cited trends in S&T that affect the scope and operation of the convention: The rapid pace of change in the life sciences and related fields; The increasing diffusion of life sciences research capacity and its applications, both internationally and beyond traditional research institutions; and The extent to which additional scientific and technical disciplines beyond biology are increasingly involved in life sciences research. The report does not make recommendations about policy options to respond to the implications of the identified trends. The choice of such responses rests with the 164 States Parties to the Convention, who must take into account multiple factors beyond the project's focus on the state of the science.

The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309111587
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-11-10 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Congressionally-mandated report identifies areas for further cooperation with Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union under the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program of the Department of Defense in the specific area of prevention of proliferation of biological weapons. The report reviews relevant U.S. government programs, and particularly the CTR program, and identifies approaches for overcoming obstacles to cooperation and for increasing the long-term impact of the program. It recommends strong support for continuation of the CTR program.

Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309089778
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism by : National Research Council

Download or read book Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years much has happened to justify an examination of biological research in light of national security concerns. The destructive application of biotechnology research includes activities such as spreading common pathogens or transforming them into even more lethal forms. Policymakers and the scientific community at large must put forth a vigorous and immediate response to this challenge. This new book by the National Research Council recommends that the government expand existing regulations and rely on self-governance by scientists rather than adopt intrusive new policies. One key recommendation of the report is that the government should not attempt to regulate scientific publishing but should trust scientists and journals to screen their papers for security risks, a task some journals have already taken up. With biological information and tools widely distributed, regulating only U.S. researchers would have little effect. A new International Forum on Biosecurity should encourage the adoption of similar measures around the world. Seven types of risky studies would require approval by the Institutional Biosafety Committees that already oversee recombinant DNA research at some 400 U.S. institutions. These "experiments of concern" include making an infectious agent more lethal and rendering vaccines powerless.