An insight into the metabolism of New Psychoactive Substances

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Author :
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9179298036
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (792 download)

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Book Synopsis An insight into the metabolism of New Psychoactive Substances by : Jakob Wallgren

Download or read book An insight into the metabolism of New Psychoactive Substances written by Jakob Wallgren and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) is an umbrella term covering hundreds of substances across different drug groups. Many of these substances were originally developed for therapeutic use but have later appeared on the recreational drug market. The use of NPS has been associated with many outbreaks leading to hospitalizations and has been implicated in numerous fatalities worldwide. To be able to analytically detect drugs in a forensic setting is vital in the fight against the abuse of NPS. One of the most notable challenges in detection of NPS is the identification of major urinary metabolites for use as biomarkers. Furthermore, given the lack of reference standards in most metabolism studies, the major urinary metabolites can often only be tentatively determined. This thesis describes the synthesis and analysis of potential metabolites used to identify the exact structures of major metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoid AKB-48, fentanyl and five fentanyl analogues in authentic human urine samples and/or hepatocyte incubations. Synthetic targets were chosen based on previous metabolism studies by our research group. Subsequently, synthetic routes were developed to produce numerous potential metabolites across the studied NPS. The synthesized reference standards were analyzed by LC-QTOF-MS alongside hepatocyte drug incubations and authentic human urine samples. Comparison of the resulting analytical data was used to determine the exact structures of many metabolites. This includes urinary metabolites of AKB-48 with a single hydroxyl group situated on a secondary carbon of the adamantane moiety, or position 3 or 5 of the pentyl side chain. For the studied fentanyls, the ?-OH and the 4’-OH metabolites were abundant metabolites identified in hepatocyte incubations while the 4’-OH, 4’-OH-3’-OMe and 3’,4’-diOH were the favored metabolic motifs among the metabolites identified in urine. Additionally, a concise synthetic route to produce synthetic cannabinoid metabolites with the 4-OH-5F pentyl side chain motif was developed and demonstrated for four synthetic cannabinoids. These findings and the developed synthetic routes can be used to provide forensic toxicology laboratories with urinary biomarkers for drug detection. Moreover, the synthesized reference standards of major metabolites can be studied to better understand the toxicity of their parent drugs. Nya psykoaktiva substanser (NPS) är det officiella namnet för den grupp droger som tidigare har kallats för designerdroger, nätdroger eller internetdroger. NPS definieras som droger som utgör ett likvärdigt hot mot folkhälsan som droger som återfinns på Förenta Nationernas narkotikakonventioner men som själva inte återfinns under dessa konventioner. Det finns hundratals olika rapporterade NPS spridda över olika droggrupper, såsom syntetiska cannabinoider och syntetiska opioider. Vissa av dessa droger syntetiserades ursprungligen i forskningssyfte, men tog sig senare in på den illegala drogmarknaden. De mer nyligen framtagna NPS är ofta designade att efterlikna effekterna av etablerade droger, såsom morfin eller ?9-THC, vilket är den huvudsakliga psykoaktiva substansen i cannabis. Användandet av NPS har associerats till många kluster av intoxikationer som har lett till hospitaliseringar. Många har även dött till följd av användandet av NPS. Inte minst i USA där en grupp av NPS kallad för fentanylanaloger är högst delaktig i den pågående opioidkrisen. Den ständiga inströmningen av nya NPS leder till att detektion av och diskriminering mellan dem utgör en svår utmaning för forensiska toxikologilaboratorier. Tillgången av lämpliga referenssubstanser möter inte deras efterfrågan, delvis på grund av att vilka biomarkörer som är optimala för drogdetektion inte alltid är uppenbart. Till exempel så är metabolismen av syntetiska cannabinoider i regel både snabb och omfattande. Av den anledningen kan användandet av modersubstansen som biomarkör vid analys av urin leda till falskt negativa resultat. Urin som biologisk matris har många fördelar jämfört med blod. Till exempel så har urin ett längre detektionsfönster och högre drogkoncentrationer. För att kunna identifiera optimala biomarkörer för droganalys av urinprover så måste drogernas metabolism utredas. De flesta metabolismstudier använder sig av humana levermikrosomer eller hepatocyter som inkuberas tillsammans med droger för att generera metaboliter in vitro. Urinprover från individer i vilkas blod det har återfunnits droger används också men tillgången är tyvärr begränsad. Dessa metaboliter separeras sedan med hjälp av kromatografiska tekniker och deras kemiska strukturer bestäms med hjälp av masspektrometri. Dock så är utvärderingen av masspektrometridata komplicerad och det är heller inte möjligt att skilja på vissa positionsisomerer genom att enbart analysera masspektrometridata. För att kunna möjliggöra exakt strukturutredning så krävs referensstandarder. Därför var målet med denna avhandling att addera syntes och analys av referensstandarder till de etablerade tillvägagångssätten att studera metabolismen av NPS. Ett stort antal potentiella metaboliter av AKB-48 och andra syntetiska cannabinoider samt av fentanyl och fentanylanaloger syntetiserades. Genom att använda dessa referensstandarder i metabolismstudier så kunde de exakta kemiska strukturerna för många metaboliter bestämmas. Dessutom så identifierades mönster i de metaboliska profilerna bland fentanyl och fentanylanaloger. Dessa mönster kan användas för att förbättra predikteringen av metaboliter för andra nuvarande och kommande fentanylanaloger. Dessa resultat samt de utvecklade syntesvägarna kan nyttjas i framställningen av referenssubstanser i syfte att användas som biomarkörer för att i urin kunna detektera drogmissbruk. Referenssubstanserna kan även användas för att studera metaboliternas farmakologiska egenskaper vilket kan leda till en djupare förståelse kring toxiciteten hos modersubstanserna.

Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS)

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319524445
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) by : Michael H. Baumann

Download or read book Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) written by Michael H. Baumann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designer drugs, or new psychoactive substances (NPS), are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of classic drugs of abuse. There has been an alarming worldwide increase in the abuse of NPS in recent years. NPS are cheap, easy to obtain, and often legally available. In this volume, leading experts summarize the latest studies regarding the molecular mechanisms of action, behavioral effects, and adverse consequences of popular NPS. Specific chapters clarify the differences between various types of NPS, namely: stimulants, cannabinoids and hallucinogens. Thus, this volume broadens our understanding of NPS and provides insight into the rapidly evolving “new drug” phenomenon.

Novel Psychoactive Substances

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124159117
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Psychoactive Substances by : Paul I. Dargan

Download or read book Novel Psychoactive Substances written by Paul I. Dargan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Psychoactive Substances: Classification, Pharmacology and Toxicology provides readers with background on the classification, detection, supply and availability of novel psychoactive substances, otherwise known as "legal highs." This book also covers individual classes of novel psychoactive substances that have recently emerged onto the recreational drug scene and provides an overview of the pharmacology of the substance followed by a discussion of the acute and chronic harm or toxicity associated with the substance. Written by international experts in the field, this multi-authored book is a valuable reference for scientists, clinicians, academics, and regulatory and law enforcement professionals. Includes chapters written by international experts in the field. Provides a comprehensive look at the classification, detection, availability and supply of novel psychoactive substances, in addition to the pharmacology and toxicology associated with the substance. Offers a single source for all interested parties working in this area, including scientists, academics, clinicians, law enforcement and regulatory agencies. Provides a full treatment of novel psychoactive substances that have recently emerged onto the recreational drug scene including mephedrone and the synthetic cannabinoid receptors in ‘spice’ / ‘K2’.

Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351655523
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances by : Ornella Corazza

Download or read book Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances written by Ornella Corazza and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges that clinicians face when dealing with NPS and discusses how the profile of patients and their socio-demographic characteristics frame the serious public health concern that NPS pose. It presents various clinical cases, as well as detailed accounts of symptoms, psychopathology, toxicity, and overall clinical management that NPS require. This handbook brings together a unique collection of chapters written by leading experts in the field, who have felt the need to share their knowledge and experience to improve the clinical practice on NPS and the wellbeing of their patients.

Novel Psychoactive Substances

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331960600X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Psychoactive Substances by : Ornella Corazza

Download or read book Novel Psychoactive Substances written by Ornella Corazza and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the recent emergence of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) on a global scale, this book provides a timely analysis of the social and economic impact of the NPS phenomenon, and of the global policy and regulatory responses to it. It presents the first comprehensive overview of the international regulation, policy and market structure of the NPS phenomenon, offering a guide to inform legislative discussions and demonstrating from a comparative perspective the different approaches used to address the rise of NPS to date. It covers topics such as organized crime, drug markets, clinical evidence on NPS, and different regulatory approaches also in less explored settings such as prisons and sport environments. Overall, this highly informative and well-structured repository of different experiences with NPS policy, law and regulation offers an essential primary source of evidence for anyone interested in the area of drug and NPS policy, health economics and p ublic health.

New Psychoactive Substances

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303010561X
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis New Psychoactive Substances by : Hans H. Maurer

Download or read book New Psychoactive Substances written by Hans H. Maurer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-20 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is designed to feature the pharmacology of new psychoactive substances, legislative aspects, information exchange including epidemiology, and clinical, forensic, and analytical toxicology in order to facilitate the understanding of this complex and rapidly developing phenomenon.

Club Drugs and Novel Psychoactive Substances

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1911623095
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Club Drugs and Novel Psychoactive Substances by : Owen Bowden-Jones

Download or read book Club Drugs and Novel Psychoactive Substances written by Owen Bowden-Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging illicit drugs pose a significant clinical challenge. This handbook offers an engaging, concise guide to managing these challenges.

Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics

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Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788014847
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics by : Rawi Ramautar

Download or read book Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics written by Rawi Ramautar and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) has become a very useful analytical technique for the profiling of highly polar and charged metabolites in biological samples. In this book, the unique features of CE-MS for metabolomics studies are highlighted including CE separation modes, capillary coatings and practical aspects of CE-MS coupling alongside a comprehensive overview of recent technological developments and applications. CE-MS can be considered a relatively new technique in the field of metabolomics and it is therefore important to inform the scientific community about the possibilities of advanced CE-MS approaches for metabolomics studies. This book outlines the potential of this technique for researchers working in metabolomics, bioanalytics and biomarker analysis.

The SAGE Handbook of Drug & Alcohol Studies

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Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 147394421X
Total Pages : 579 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (739 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Drug & Alcohol Studies by : Kim Wolff

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Drug & Alcohol Studies written by Kim Wolff and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from leading international academics across the biological sciences, this handbook takes a critical look at the key contemporary issues and debates in the field. The 31 chapters are divided into four parts: Part I Determination of Substance Misuse Part II PK and PD in Relation to Patterns of Use Part III Detection and Treatment of Drug and Alcohol Use Part IV Controversies and New Approaches This Handbook is an excellent reference text for the growing number of academics, students, scientists and practitioners in the drug and alcohol studies community, and will be a vital resource to the allied professions involved in work-place drug testing, clinical toxicology, and forensic science.

Microbes and the Mind

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Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 331806856X
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbes and the Mind by : C.S.M. Cowan

Download or read book Microbes and the Mind written by C.S.M. Cowan and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the mind-body connection has grown in recent years, with accumulating evidence showing that the gut microbiome can alter behavioral, neural, and psychological outcomes. This publication brings together a group of international experts who are investigating the microbiome and its potential to contribute to the causes and treatment of mental illness. The contributions are not aimed solely at specialists in clinical and experimental neuroscience. They cover a range of key topics, including the role of the microbiome in mental health and specific psychiatric disorders that occur across the lifespan, interactions with the immune system, diet, and pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the microbial metabolite production and the potential for psychobiotic interventions that target the microbiome to improve mental health outcomes are discussed. This book is unique in its focus on the mechanisms and consequences of the activities of gut microorganisms in mental health and illness, providing expert insight into the current state of the art and important future directions for this emerging area of research. Additionally, it provides an excellent knowledge base for newcomers and a refresher for researchers and clinicians working in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, or psychiatry.

Information Resources in Toxicology, Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128137258
Total Pages : 1055 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Resources in Toxicology, Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools by : Steve Gilbert

Download or read book Information Resources in Toxicology, Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools written by Steve Gilbert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-16 with total page 1055 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new fifth edition of Information Resources in Toxicology offers a consolidated entry portal for the study, research, and practice of toxicology. Both volumes represents a unique, wide-ranging, curated, international, annotated bibliography, and directory of major resources in toxicology and allied fields such as environmental and occupational health, chemical safety, and risk assessment. The editors and authors are among the leaders of the profession sharing their cumulative wisdom in toxicology’s subdisciplines. This edition keeps pace with the digital world in directing and linking readers to relevant websites and other online tools. Due to the increasing size of the hardcopy publication, the current edition has been divided into two volumes to make it easier to handle and consult. Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools, arranged in 5 parts, begins with chapters on the science of toxicology, its history, and informatics framework in Part 1. Part 2 continues with chapters organized by more specific subject such as cancer, clinical toxicology, genetic toxicology, etc. The categorization of chapters by resource format, for example, journals and newsletters, technical reports, organizations constitutes Part 3. Part 4 further considers toxicology’s presence via the Internet, databases, and software tools. Among the miscellaneous topics in the concluding Part 5 are laws and regulations, professional education, grants and funding, and patents. Volume 2: The Global Arena offers contributed chapters focusing on the toxicology contributions of over 40 countries, followed by a glossary of toxicological terms and an appendix of popular quotations related to the field. The book, offered in both print and electronic formats, is carefully structured, indexed, and cross-referenced to enable users to easily find answers to their questions or serendipitously locate useful knowledge they were not originally aware they needed. Among the many timely topics receiving increased emphasis are disaster preparedness, nanotechnology, -omics, risk assessment, societal implications such as ethics and the precautionary principle, climate change, and children’s environmental health. Introductory chapters provide a backdrop to the science of toxicology, its history, the origin and status of toxicoinformatics, and starting points for identifying resources Offers an extensive array of chapters organized by subject, each highlighting resources such as journals, databases,organizations, and review articles Includes chapters with an emphasis on format such as government reports, general interest publications, blogs, and audiovisuals Explores recent internet trends, web-based databases, and software tools in a section on the online environment Concludes with a miscellany of special topics such as laws and regulations, chemical hazard communication resources, careers and professional education, K-12 resources, funding, poison control centers, and patents Paired with Volume Two, which focuses on global resources, this set offers the most comprehensive compendium of print, digital, and organizational resources in the toxicological sciences with over 120 chapters contributions by experts and leaders in the field

Synthetic Cathinones

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319787071
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthetic Cathinones by : Jolanta B. Zawilska

Download or read book Synthetic Cathinones written by Jolanta B. Zawilska and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, and particularly during the recent five years, a rapidly increasing number of novel psychoactive substance (NPSs), often marketed as “designer drugs”, “legal highs”, “herbal highs”, “research or intermediate chemicals” and “laboratory reagents”, has appeared on the drug market in an effort to bypass controlled substance legislation. NPSs encompass a wide range of different compounds and drug classes but had been dominated by synthetic cannabinomimetics and psychostimulatory synthetic cathinones, so-called β-keto amphetamines. Compounds from the later class were first detected in Europe in 2004, and since then 103 new cathinones have been identified and reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, with 57 during the last two years. Synthetic cathinones – novel addictive and stimulatory psychoactive substances is the first publication of this kind that provides readers with background on chemical structures, detection, prevalence and motivation of use of the very popular group of NPSs. This book also presents comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of action, pharmacological activity, and main metabolic pathways of synthetic cathinones, followed by a detailed discussion of the acute and chronic toxicity associated with the use of these substances. Written by international experts in the field, this multi-authored book is a valuable reference not only for scientists, clinicians and academics, but also for readers representing different professional background who are involved in educational-prophylactic activities directed to harm reduction of psychoactive compounds.

Novel Psychoactive Substances

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128190302
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Psychoactive Substances by : Paul I. Dargan

Download or read book Novel Psychoactive Substances written by Paul I. Dargan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Psychoactive Substances: Classification, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Second Edition provides readers with a comprehensive examination on the classification, detection, supply and availability of novel psychoactive substances, otherwise known as "legal highs." The book covers individual classes of novel psychoactive substances that have recently emerged onto the recreational drug scene and provides an overview of the pharmacology of the substance and a discussion of their associated acute and chronic harm and toxicity. This second edition addresses drugs new to the scene, with completely updated and revised chapters. Written by international experts in the field, this multi-authored book is an essential reference for scientists, clinicians, academics, and regulatory and law enforcement professionals. Includes chapters written by international experts in the field Presents a comprehensive overview on the classification, detection, availability and supply of novel psychoactive substances, in addition to the pharmacology and toxicology associated with the substance Offers a single source for all interested parties working in this area, including scientists, academics, clinicians, law enforcement and regulatory agencies Provides a full treatment of novel psychoactive substances that have recently emerged onto the recreational drug scene, including amphetamines and the synthetic cannabinoid receptors in ‘spice’ and ‘K2’

European Drug Report

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789294975454
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (754 download)

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Book Synopsis European Drug Report by : Observatoire européen des drogues et des toxicomanies

Download or read book European Drug Report written by Observatoire européen des drogues et des toxicomanies and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Clinical Manual of Youth Addictive Disorders

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Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1615372369
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Manual of Youth Addictive Disorders by : Yifrah Kaminer, M.D., M.B.A.

Download or read book Clinical Manual of Youth Addictive Disorders written by Yifrah Kaminer, M.D., M.B.A. and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated and expanded, the book focuses on the clinical implications of beginning substance use and the pathways to substance use disorders (SUDs) and coexisting disorders among adolescents and college-age emerging adults (ages 12--25 years). This new manual not only captures the advances made in the youth substance use and SUD domains covered in the previous manual, but also includes new and critically important topics that have emerged.

Marijuana and Medicine

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309071550
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Marijuana and Medicine by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Marijuana and Medicine written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-07-10 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medical use of marijuana is surrounded by a cloud of social, political, and religious controversy, which obscures the facts that should be considered in the debate. This book summarizes what we know about marijuana from evidence-based medicineâ€"the harm it may do and the relief it may bring to patients. The book helps the reader understand not only what science has to say about medical marijuana but also the logic behind the scientific conclusions. Marijuana and Medicine addresses the science base and the therapeutic effects of marijuana use for medical conditions such as glaucoma and multiple sclerosis. It covers marijuana's mechanism of action, acute and chronic effects on health and behavior, potential adverse effects, efficacy of different delivery systems, analysis of the data about marijuana as a gateway drug, and the prospects for developing cannabinoid drugs. The book evaluates how well marijuana meets accepted standards for medicine and considers the conclusions of other blue-ribbon panels. Full of useful facts, this volume will be important to anyone interested in informed debate about the medical use of marijuana: advocates and opponents as well as policymakers, regulators, and health care providers.

The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1585625183
Total Pages : 982 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment by : Marc Galanter

Download or read book The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment written by Marc Galanter and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No other text available today offers what The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment can: completely updated treatment information on a broad range of substance use disorders that is consistent with the new DSM-5 classification and thus reflective of how psychiatry is practiced today. Designed for researchers and mental health professionals ranging from trainee to licensed practitioner, the book is also appropriate for a diverse array of rehabilitation settings, from inpatient to community-based treatment. Full coverage is provided on 12-step programs, as well, including the latest outcomes research. Much of the material is new to this edition: A chapter has been added on science in the treatment of substance abuse, in which the authors discuss the history of scientific intervention in substance abuse and explore what happens to the brain when addicting drugs are consumed, review animal models and imaging techniques, and discuss current progress in the science of addiction. Chapters have been added on screening and brief intervention, reflecting the development of brief screening tools and research on the efficacy of interventions, and the role of "recovery" in chronic care disease management -- specifically what the treatment models for alcohol dependence and for diabetes can effectively borrow from each other. A new chapter focuses on the treatment of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal -- the first steps in treatment of alcohol use disorder. Two chapters on marijuana -- one on the neurobiology and one addressing treatment have been added. Given the accelerating trend toward decriminalization and legalization of this substance, clinicians will find this information of increasing importance. The section on substance use issues among gay men and lesbians has been expanded to include bisexual and transgender people in recognition of increased diversity among the population. Well-structured, with topics that follow logically and many practical, treatment-oriented features, such as quick reference tables and lists of recommended readings, The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment is a classic that will enhance the education and practice of clinicians.