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An Experimental Investigation On The Indoor Environmental Conditions On Diffusion Coefficient Of Vocs In Building Materials
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Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation on the Indoor Environmental Conditions on Diffusion Coefficient of VOCs in Building Materials by : Yashar Farajollahi
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation on the Indoor Environmental Conditions on Diffusion Coefficient of VOCs in Building Materials written by Yashar Farajollahi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling VOC Sorption of Building Materials and Its Impact on Indoor Air Quality by : Jinsong Zhang
Download or read book Modeling VOC Sorption of Building Materials and Its Impact on Indoor Air Quality written by Jinsong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by building materials can have significant effect on the indoor VOC concentration levels and indoor air quality in buildings. The objective of this study was to investigate experimentally the effects of environmental conditions (temperature, humidity and air velocity) on the sorption rate and capacity of three typical types of building materials (carpet, ceiling tile and painted drywall), and to evaluate existing sorption models with experimental data. A small-scale chamber test system has been developed in this study to conduct sorption tests under different environmental conditions. The sorption data collected were analyzed by three different analysis methods: the integration method, the linear Langmuir model method and the diffusion model method. The results of the integration method indicated that for the painted drywall, the differences among different environmental conditions were so small compared with the experimental uncertainties that no statistically significant environmental effect could be observed at 95% confidence level. The sorption of VOCs on ceiling tile decreased with the increase of the air velocity and temperature, but did not change significantly with the relative humidity. The sink strength of benzaldehyde under high humidity was much stronger than any other conditions. The sorption of VOCs on carpet appeared to be a diffusion-controlled process. With the increase of temperature, the diffusion coefficient increased while the partition coefficient decreased. A higher air velocity increased the sink capacity of dodecane on carpet. The relative humidity had no significant effect on the sorption of VOCs on carpet. Based on the model evaluation conducted in this study, the linear Langmuir model appeared to be suitable for painted drywall and ceiling tile while the diffusion model is more suitable for carpet.
Book Synopsis Measurement of Diffusion and Partition Coefficients of VOCs in Dry Building Materials by : Zhong-Hong Zhang
Download or read book Measurement of Diffusion and Partition Coefficients of VOCs in Dry Building Materials written by Zhong-Hong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building materials, as a source of contaminant, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and a sink of those pollutants, can significantly affect indoor air quality (IAQ). Physical models have been developed to predict volatile organic compound emissions from building materials. These results are helpful in adopting strategies to control the pollutant source. Therefore, experimental methods have been established for measuring input parameters to these models, such as diffusion coefficient (D), partition coefficients (K). However, currently available data of diffusion and partition coefficients are limited. Moreover, the effects caused by the physicochemical properties of VOC are not completely observed. Hence, it is requisite that a comprehensive investigation on the relationship between diffusion and partition coefficients, and the physicochemical properties of VOC be conducted. The twin chamber method was chosen in this research. The effects caused by physicochemical properties of VOC, such as molecular weight, vapor pressure, boiling point, and polarity, were investigated.
Book Synopsis Toxicity of Building Materials by : Fernando Pacheco-Torgal
Download or read book Toxicity of Building Materials written by Fernando Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-08-13 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From long-standing worries regarding the use of lead and asbestos to recent research into carcinogenic issues related to the use of plastics in construction, there is growing concern regarding the potential toxic effects of building materials on health. Toxicity of building materials provides an essential guide to this important problem and its solutions.Beginning with an overview of the material types and potential health hazards presented by building materials, the book goes on to consider key plastic materials. Materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds, are then explored in depth, before a review of wood preservatives and mineral fibre-based building materials. Issues related to the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning are the focus of subsequent chapters, followed by discussion of the range of heavy metals, materials prone to mould growth, and antimicrobials. Finally, Toxicity of building materials concludes by considering the potential hazards posed by waste based/recycled building materials, and the toxicity of nanoparticles.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Toxicity of building materials is an invaluable tool for all civil engineers, materials researchers, scientists and educators working in the field of building materials. - Provides an essential guide to the potential toxic effects of building materials on health - Comprehensively examines materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds - Later chapters focus on issues surrounding the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning
Book Synopsis Handbook of Indoor Air Quality by : Yinping Zhang
Download or read book Handbook of Indoor Air Quality written by Yinping Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 2182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People live in indoor environment about 90% of lifetime and an adult inhales about 15 kg air each day, over 75% of the human body’s daily mass intake (air, food, water). Therefore, indoor air quality (IAQ) is very important to human health. This book provides the basic knowledge of IAQ and highlights the research achievements in the past two decades. It covers the following 12 sections: introduction, indoor air chemicals, indoor air particles, measurement and evaluation, source/sink characteristics, indoor chemistry, human exposure to indoor pollutants, health effects and health risk assessment, IAQ and cognitive performance, standards and guidelines, IAQ control, and air quality in various indoor environments. It provides a combination of an introduction to various aspects on IAQ studies, the current state-of-knowledge, various advances and the perspective of IAQ studies. It will be very helpful for the researchers and technicians in the IAQ and the related fields. It is also useful for experts in other fields and general readers who want to obtain a basic understanding of and research advances in the field of IAQ. A group of experts in IAQ research have been recruited to write the chapters. Their research interests and experience cover the scope of the book. In addition, some experienced experts in IAQ field have been invited as advisors or reviewers to give their comments, suggestions and revisions on the handbook framework and the chapter details. Their contribution guarantees the quality of the book. We are very grateful to them. Last but not least, we express our heartfelt thanks to Prof. Spengler, Harvard University, for writing the foreword of the current Handbook of Indoor Air Quality both as a pioneer scientist who contributed greatly to indoor air science and as an Editor-in-chief of Handbook of Indoor Air Quality 2001, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. In addition to hard copies, the book is also published online and will be updated by the authors as needed to keep it aligned with current knowledge. These salient features can make the handbook fresh with the research development.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution XXII by : J.W.S. Longhurst
Download or read book Air Pollution XXII written by J.W.S. Longhurst and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2014-07-07 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution, builds upon the prestigious outcomes of the 21 preceding meetings beginning in 1993. Air pollution is one of the most challenging problems facing the international community; it is widespread and growing in importance, and has clear and known impacts on health and the environment. The human need for transport, manufactured goods and services results in impacts on the atmospheric environment from a local to global scale. The rate of development of the global economy brings new pressures and the willingness of governments to regulate air pollution is often balanced by concerns over the economic impact of such regulation. Science is the key to identifying the nature and scale of air pollution impacts and is essential in the formulation of policies for regulatory decision-making. Continuous improvements to our knowledge of the fundamental science of air pollution and its application are necessary if we are to predict, assess and mitigate the air pollution implications to local, regional, national and international systems. Topics covered include: Air pollution modelling; Air pollution mitigation; Air pollution management; Aerosols and particles; Emission studies; Exposure and health effects; Indoor air pollution; Monitoring and measuring; Case studies; Emerging technologies; Power generation and air pollution; Incineration plant studies; Air pollution chemistry; Global and regional studies; Policy and legislation.
Book Synopsis Indoor Environmental Quality by : Arun Sharma
Download or read book Indoor Environmental Quality written by Arun Sharma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents selected papers presented during the First Asian Conference on Indoor Environmental Quality (ACIEQ). The contents cover themes of indoor air quality monitoring and modeling; the influence of confounding factors like thermal comfort parameters, such as temperature and relative humidity with respect to different building types, e.g., residential, commercial, institutional; ventilation characteristics, lighting and acoustics. It also focuses on people's performance, productivity, and behavior with respect to their exposure to various indoor air pollutants and parameters influencing the overall indoor environmental quality. This volume is primarily aimed at researchers working in environmental science and engineering, building architecture and design, HVAC and ventilation, public health, and epidemiology. The contents of this volume will also be useful to policy makers working on occupational health and building codes.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019) by : Zhaojun Wang
Download or read book Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019) written by Zhaojun Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-14 with total page 1419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected papers from the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019), with a focus on HVAC techniques for improving indoor environment quality and the energy efficiency of heating and cooling systems. Presenting inspiration for implementing more efficient and safer HVAC systems, the book is a valuable resource for academic researchers, engineers in industry, and government regulators.
Book Synopsis A Theoretical Study on VOC Source and Sink Behavior of Porous Building Materials by : Chang-Seo Lee
Download or read book A Theoretical Study on VOC Source and Sink Behavior of Porous Building Materials written by Chang-Seo Lee and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The indoor air quality (IAQ) of a building can be significantly affected by the building materials. Porous building materials are not only sources of indoor air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) but also strong sinks of those pollutants. The knowledge of VOC transfer mechanisms in these materials is an important step for controlling the indoor VOC concentration levels, and for determining the optimum ventilation requirements for acceptable IAQ. This study has investigated theoretically VOC source and sink behavior of porous building materials. A novel analytical model was developed based on the fundamental theories of mass transfer mechanisms in porous materials. The proposed model considers both primary and secondary source/sink behavior for the first time. The former refers to the transfer of gas-phase and/or physically adsorbed VOC, while the latter is generation or elimination of VOC within the solid due to chemical reactions like oxidation, hydrolysis, chemical adsorption, etc. The proposed model was assessed with experimental data, namely emission tests of carpets and sorption tests of wood chipboard. It was demonstrated that the proposed analytical model could simultaneously account for the effect of air velocity on both VOC source and sink behavior unlike the existing analytical models. A parametric study was carried out to investigate the effects of air velocity and material properties including diffusion coefficient, sorption partition coefficient, porosity, thickness and length on the primary VOC source/sink behavior, and these effects were quantified. Due to the lack of knowledge on the secondary source/sink behavior, five hypothetical cases were considered, and the model predictions agree with experimental findings on the secondary emissions available in the literature. The validity of four main assumptions imposed on the developed analytical model, was investigated through the development of numerical conjugate mass transfer models. The considered assumptions are (1) constant VOC concentration at the solid-fluid interface along the solid plate length; (2) quasi-steady convection mass transfer in fluid; (3) one-dimensional diffusion in solid; and (4) Henry (linear) sorption isotherm. The limits of the proposed analytical model due to each of the mentioned assumptions were clearly defined hence providing a range for the validity of the novel analytical model.
Book Synopsis Study of Building Material Emissions and Indoor Air Quality by : Xudong Yang
Download or read book Study of Building Material Emissions and Indoor Air Quality written by Xudong Yang and published by . This book was released on 1999* with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building materials and furnishings emit a wide variety of indoor pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). At present, no accurate models are available to characterize material emissions and sorption under realistic indoor conditions. The objective of this thesis is to fill that gap. Using the emission data measured in small-scale and full-scale environmental chambers, this investigation has developed a numerical model for simulating emissions of "wet" materials applied to porous substrates. This model considers VOC mass transfer processes in the air, material-air interface, material film, and the substrate. The model can predict "wet" material emissions under different environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, velocity, turbulence, and VOC concentration in the air) with reasonable accuracy. We developed two models for simulating VOC emissions from dry materials. One is a numerical model for short-term predictions, the other is an analytical model for long-term predictions. The models have been successfully used to examine the VOC emissions from two particleboard samples and a polypropene Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) carpet. A VOC sorption model has also been developed to analytically solve the VOC sorption rate as a function of air-phase concentrations. The model has been validated using an analytical solution as well as data obtained from sorption experiments. The emission and sorption models that we developed have been further used to study indoor air quality (IAQ) in a small office with different ventilation systems. The results show that displacement ventilation may not provide better IAQ than mixing systems if the VOC sources are from the floor. Further, our study shows sink effects from internal walls of gypsum board.
Book Synopsis VOC Emissions from Building Products by : Chuck Yu
Download or read book VOC Emissions from Building Products written by Chuck Yu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Digest describes sources of VOCs in indoor environments, methods to control the amount of emissions from building products and the available VOC guideline values for assessing indoor air quality in buildings. Part 1 of this Digest summarises the VOCs and the range of TVOC emission rates from some typical wall and flooring materials used in buildings. Environmental chamber test methods for measuring VOC emissions from building materials were briefly described. Part 2 describes the air quality guidelines and the emission databases used for assessing the impact of VOC emissions in the indoor environment; also labelling schemes for controlling VOC emissions from building materials.
Book Synopsis Environmental Pollutant Exposures and Public Health by : R M Harrison
Download or read book Environmental Pollutant Exposures and Public Health written by R M Harrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both genes and environment have profound effects upon our health. While some environmental factors such as polluted air are high in the public consciousness, there are many other pathways for people’s exposure to toxic chemicals, such as through food, water and contaminated land. It is not only chemicals that can affect health; environmental radioactivity, pathogenic organisms and our changing climate also have implications for public health, and all contribute to the global burden of disease, leading to both disability and deaths of millions of people annually across the world. An understanding of the pathways of environmental exposure, and its effects upon health is key to developing regulations and behaviours that reduce or prevent exposure, and the consequent impacts upon health. Covering topics from dietary exposure to chemicals through to the health effects of climate change, this book brings together contributors from around the world to highlight the latest science on the impacts of environmental pollutant exposure upon public health.
Book Synopsis Characterizing Sources of Indoor Air Pollution and Related Sink Effects by : Bruce A. Tichenor
Download or read book Characterizing Sources of Indoor Air Pollution and Related Sink Effects written by Bruce A. Tichenor and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on presentations at a 1994 Symposium, these detailed papers review source/sink characterization; design, construction, characterization, and operation of test chambers and facilities; testing protocols for determining emission factors and sink absorption/desorption rates; models for predicting
Book Synopsis Organic Indoor Air Pollutants by : Tunga Salthammer
Download or read book Organic Indoor Air Pollutants written by Tunga Salthammer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-18 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the quality of indoor air ranking highly in our lives, this second, completely, revised edition now includes 12 completely new chapters addressing both chemical and analytical aspects of organic pollutants. Sources of indoor air pollutants, measurement and detection as well as evaluation are covered filling the gap in the literature caused by this topical subject. This book is divided into four clearly defined parts: measuring organic indoor pollutants, investigation concepts and quality guidelines, field studies, and emission studies. The authors cover physico-chemical fundamentals of organic pollutants, relevant definitions and terminology, emission sources, sampling techniques and instrumentation, exposure assessment as well as methods for control. Test methods and studies for various indoor environments are described, such as automobile interiors, museum environments, or rooms with air ventilation. Emission sources covered include household and consumer products as well as electronic devices and office equipment. The book is aimed at chemists, physicists, biologists, and medical doctors at universities and research facilities, in industry and environmental laboratories as well as regulative bodies.
Book Synopsis Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings by : Mateja Dovjak
Download or read book Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings written by Mateja Dovjak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The open access book discusses human health and wellbeing within the context of built environments. It provides a comprehensive overview of relevant sources of literature and user complaints that clearly demonstrate the consequences of lack of attention to health in current building design and planning. Current designing of energy-efficient buildings is mainly focused on looking at energy problems and not on addressing health. Therefore, even green buildings that place environmental aspects above health issues can be uncomfortable and unhealthy, and can lead to public health problems. The authors identify many health risk factors and their parameters, and the interactions among risk factors and building design elements. They point to the need for public health specialists, engineers and planners to come together and review built environments for human wellbeing and environmental sustainability. The authors therefore present a tool for holistic decision-making processes, leading to short- and long-term benefits for people and their environment.
Book Synopsis Advances in the Toxicity of Construction and Building Materials by : F. Pacheco-Torgal
Download or read book Advances in the Toxicity of Construction and Building Materials written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-03-05 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the Toxicity of Construction and Building Materials presents the potential and toxic effects of building materials on human health, along with tactics on how to minimize exposure. Chapters are divided into four sections covering the toxicity of indoor environments, fire toxicity, radioactive materials, and toxicity from plastics, metals, asbestos, nanoparticles and construction wastes. Key chapters focus on the reduction of chemical emissions in houses with eco-labelled building materials and potential risks posed by indoor pollutants that may include volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), radon, NOx, asbestos and nanoparticles. Known illnesses and reactions that can be triggered by these toxic building materials include asthma, itchiness, burning eyes, skin irritations or rashes, nose and throat irritation, nausea, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, reproductive impairment, disruption of the endocrine system, impaired child development and birth defects, immune system suppression, and even cancer. - Provides an essential guide to the potential toxic effects of building materials on human health - Comprehensively examines materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds - Presents coverage on fire toxicity and an evaluation of the radioactivity of building materials - Includes several cases studies throughout and addresses current international standards
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
