An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5n1 Avian Influenza Infection

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Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361019061
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5n1 Avian Influenza Infection by : Christopher John Brackman

Download or read book An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5n1 Avian Influenza Infection written by Christopher John Brackman and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5N1 Avian Influenza Infection" by Christopher John, Brackman, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) continues to be a serious threat to human and animal health with upwards of 840 human infections and 447 deaths since 2003. It also has pandemic potential. Vaccination in poultry has been employed in a number of countries as a strategy to control the virus. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google to locate relevant articles in English that examined the effectiveness of vaccination for controlling H5N1 HPAI. Results Experimental evidence demonstrates that vaccination is able to reduce infection rates, decrease replication and excretion of virus, reduce morbidity and mortality and prevent transmission in poultry. Its use in the field has met with mixed success. Clearly positive results in reduction of outbreaks in poultry and human infections have been seen in Vietnam and Hong Kong but not in some other endemic countries. The use of vaccination as a strategy is also challenged by such factors as the emergence of antigenic variants, non-sterilising immunity, and practical on the ground issues. Conclusion Despite some limitations vaccination of poultry as a part of a holistic H5N1 control strategy to protect human and animal health is recommended in a number of circumstances but a clear objective must be established. Further efforts are required in the development of vaccines and vaccination strategy but also in more clearly determining the additional benefit derived from vaccination over other control methods. Subjects: Avian influenza - Prevention Poultry - Vaccination

An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5N1 Avian Influenza Infection

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5N1 Avian Influenza Infection by : Christopher John Brackman

Download or read book An Evaluation of Vaccination in Poultry as an Intervention Strategy for Control of H5N1 Avian Influenza Infection written by Christopher John Brackman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Global Strategy for Prevention and Control of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

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Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251057339
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (573 download)

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Book Synopsis The Global Strategy for Prevention and Control of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The Global Strategy for Prevention and Control of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains a revised global strategy for dealing with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) developed by the FAO and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), in collaboration with WHO, and drawing on experiences and lessons learned since the panzootic started in late 2003. This third revision sets out a long-term vision and goals, identifies priorities and strategic approaches, and proposes actions at national, regional and global levels to control and ultimately eradicate the disease.

Avian Influenza Virus

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1588299392
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (882 download)

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Book Synopsis Avian Influenza Virus by : Erica Spackman

Download or read book Avian Influenza Virus written by Erica Spackman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the growing global fear of a major pandemic, avian influenza (AI) virus research has greatly increased in importance. In Avian Influenza Virus, an expert team of researchers and diagnosticians examine the fundamental, yet essential, virological methods for AI virus research and diagnostics as well as some of the newest molecular procedures currently used for basic and applied research. They present exciting, cutting-edge new methods that focus both on studying the virus itself and on work with avian hosts, an area greatly lacking in research.

Vaccination

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Author :
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Vaccination by : Betty Dodet

Download or read book Vaccination written by Betty Dodet and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2007 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international community is confronted with a crisis caused by the unprecedented global spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza and its consequent scientific, economic, political, social and ethical challenges. Control strategies based only on the application of sanitary measures and the culling of animals that are infected or suspected of being infected have proven insufficient to avoid the propagation of infection. The OIE, together with the FAO, recommend the strategic use of poultry vaccination in certain situations as part of an overall integrated strategy to control the disease. This volume presents the proceedings of a scientific conference co-organized by the OIE, FAO and the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie with the support of the European Commission. The conference brought together scientists, representatives of government authorities, industry and other stakeholders to review current methods and recent experiences in the use of vaccination as a means to control and prevent losses due to avian influenza. They also scrutinized international standards and regulations for vaccination and considered the implementation of vaccination programmes. The proceedings include presentations on the experiences made in various parts of the world and the challenges and constraints faced by developing countries in implementing effective vaccination campaigns. Other contributions provide guidance to decision makers concerned with planning vaccination campaigns and up-to-date information on developments in avian influenza vaccines, their efficacy, their performance in different avian species and on strategies of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals as well as their application.

Evaluation of the Transcriptional Response of Chicken Spleen to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1)

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109385830
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (858 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Transcriptional Response of Chicken Spleen to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) by : Ida Ho Ting Chung

Download or read book Evaluation of the Transcriptional Response of Chicken Spleen to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) written by Ida Ho Ting Chung and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an important emerging pathogen of world-wide importance. Its high mutation rate is expanding influenza's spread and host range, thus it is important to study the effects of this evolving virus. Our goal was to evaluate the avian innate immune response to infection with HPAI virus. The avian innate immunity microarray (AIIM) is a genomics tool designed to study the transcriptional activity of the avian innate immune response. Using the AIIM, we evaluated spleen RNA from unvaccinated and vaccinated birds challenged with A/Egret/HK/757.2/02 (HPAI H5N1). Three groups of birds were analyzed: naïve control (NC) leghorn chickens, leghorn chickens challenged with A/Egret/HK/757.2/02 (HPAI H5N1) (CH), and leghorn chickens that were vaccinated with an H5N9 oil emulsion vaccine followed by challenge with H5N1 (VCH). RNA was extracted from spleens 24 hours post-inoculation. The spleen RNA samples were used for hybridization on the AIIM using a dye swap design with Cy3 and Cy5 dyes. Each slide consisted of two samples, a control sample and an experimental sample, each labeled with a different dye. Hybridizations were carried out overnight at 42°C, and then slides were scanned using a GenePixTM 4000B Laser Scanner. Gene expression levels were assessed using GeneSpring GX 7.3 software. Evaluation of the unvaccinated chicken spleen data demonstrated that 288 genes exhibited greater than two-fold changes in gene expression when compared to the control spleen data. Pathway analysis revealed the induction of antiviral genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Only 11 elements were found to have greater than two-fold changes in gene expression upon analysis of the unvaccinated chicken spleen data compared to the control. Comparisons of different innate immune pathways and cytokines revealed that the unvaccinated chickens showed a greater response to infection with H5N1 than the vaccinated chickens. This study shows that the AIIM can be used to study the transcriptional activity of genes in response to highly pathogenic avian influenza, as well as to study the immunological pathways and cytokines involved in the response to viral infection.

Avian Influenza

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0813818664
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Avian Influenza by : David E. Swayne

Download or read book Avian Influenza written by David E. Swayne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-03 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avian Influenza provides the first comprehensive guide covering the full spectrum of this complex and increasingly high-profile disease, its history and its treatment and control. All aspects of avian influenza are dealt with in depth, systematically covering biology, virology, diagnostics, ecology, epidemiology, clinical medicine, and the control. The book fuses coverage of the latest discoveries in the basic sciences with a practical approach to dealing with the disease in a clinical setting, and providing instruction and guidance for veterinarians and government animal health officials encountering this disease in the field. Avian Influenza provides the reader with a global perspective, bringing together chapters written by leading animal health researchers and veterinarians with significant experience working with this disease. Providing a summary and synthesis of important data and research on this virus, its impact on both wild and domesticated birds, and approaches to controlling the spread of the disease, Avian Influenza will be an invaluable resource for all veterinarians, scientists, animal health professionals, and public health officials dealing with this virus. * Covers full range of topics within avian influenza in one comprehensive and authoritative text * Provides a summarization of peer-reviewed and empirical data on avian influenza viruses, the infection and diseases they cause * Discusses strategies used in control of the disease * Leading experts are drawn together to provide an international and multi-disciplinary perspective * Fuses latest developments in basic scientific research with practical guidance on management of the disease

Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540921656
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza by : Richard W Compans

Download or read book Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza written by Richard W Compans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have been transmitted to humans, resulting in numerous fatalities. The rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread from person to person raises the risk that such a virus could cause a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza viruses, which have little or no antigenic relationship to the highly pathogenic H5N1 strains. Concerns about pandemic preparedness have greatly stimulated research activities to develop eff- tive vaccines for pandemic influenza viruses, and to overcome the limitations inh- ent in current approaches to vaccine production and distribution. These limitations include the use of embryonated chicken eggs as the substrate for vaccine prod- tion, which is time-consuming and could involve potential biohazards in growth of new virus strains. Other limitations include the requirement that the current inac- vated influenza vaccines be administered using needles and syringes, requiring trained personnel, which could be a bottleneck when attempting to vaccinate large populations in mass campaigns. In addition, the current inactivated vaccines that are delivered by injection elicit limited protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract where the infection process is initiated.

Avian Influenza in Human

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789811614316
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Avian Influenza in Human by : Chen Qiu

Download or read book Avian Influenza in Human written by Chen Qiu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-06-16 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some avian influenza viruses can infect humans, cause disease, and even result in deaths. This book comprehensively and systematically presents the theory, diagnosis and clinical treatment of typical avian influenza viruses in human. The first chapters introduce the ethiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment of human avian influenza and complications. The following chapters include overview, extensive images, differential diagnosis and clinical cases of H7N9, H5N1, H5N6, H10N8, H9N2 and H7N4 avian influenza. Written by practitioners directly involved in the prevention and clinical treatment of human avian influenza, it will be an invaluable aid for practitioners in centers for infectious disease control and prevention, hospitals, and academic institutions to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment of avian influenza in human.

The Threat of Pandemic Influenza

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309095042
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Threat of Pandemic Influenza by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Threat of Pandemic Influenza written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-09 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health officials and organizations around the world remain on high alert because of increasing concerns about the prospect of an influenza pandemic, which many experts believe to be inevitable. Moreover, recent problems with the availability and strain-specificity of vaccine for annual flu epidemics in some countries and the rise of pandemic strains of avian flu in disparate geographic regions have alarmed experts about the world's ability to prevent or contain a human pandemic. The workshop summary, The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? addresses these urgent concerns. The report describes what steps the United States and other countries have taken thus far to prepare for the next outbreak of "killer flu." It also looks at gaps in readiness, including hospitals' inability to absorb a surge of patients and many nations' incapacity to monitor and detect flu outbreaks. The report points to the need for international agreements to share flu vaccine and antiviral stockpiles to ensure that the 88 percent of nations that cannot manufacture or stockpile these products have access to them. It chronicles the toll of the H5N1 strain of avian flu currently circulating among poultry in many parts of Asia, which now accounts for the culling of millions of birds and the death of at least 50 persons. And it compares the costs of preparations with the costs of illness and death that could arise during an outbreak.

The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309146771
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-04 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March and early April 2009, a new, swine-origin 2009-H1N1 influenza A virus emerged in Mexico and the United States. During the first few weeks of surveillance, the virus spread by human-to-human transmission worldwide to over 30 countries. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 6 in response to the ongoing global spread of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. By October 30, 2009, the H1N1 influenza A had spread to 191 countries and resulted in 5,700 fatalities. A national emergency was declared in the United States and the swine flu joined SARS and the avian flu as pandemics of the 21st century. Vaccination is currently available, but in limited supply, and with a 60 percent effectiveness rate against the virus. The story of how this new influenza virus spread out of Mexico to other parts of North America and then on to Europe, the Far East, and now Australia and the Pacific Rim countries has its origins in the global interconnectedness of travel, trade, and tourism. Given the rapid spread of the virus, the international scientific, public health, security, and policy communities had to mobilize quickly to characterize this unique virus and address its potential effects. The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control have played critical roles in the surveillance, detection and responses to the H1N1 virus. The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions aimed to examine the evolutionary origins of the H1N1 virus and evaluate its potential public health and socioeconomic consequences, while monitoring and mitigating the impact of a fast-moving pandemic. The rapporteurs for this workshop reported on the need for increased and geographically robust global influenza vaccine production capacities; enhanced and sustained interpandemic demand for seasonal influenza vaccines; clear "triggers" for pandemic alert levels; and accelerated research collaboration on new vaccine manufacturing techniques. This book will be an essential guide for healthcare professionals, policymakers, drug manufacturers and investigators.

Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309490359
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In November 2018, an ad hoc planning committee at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine planned two sister workshops held in Washington, DC, to examine the lessons from influenza pandemics and other major outbreaks, understand the extent to which the lessons have been learned, and discuss how they could be applied further to ensure that countries are sufficiently ready for future pandemics. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from both workshops.

Animal Influenza

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118924339
Total Pages : 755 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Influenza by : David E. Swayne

Download or read book Animal Influenza written by David E. Swayne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal Influenza, Second Edition is a comprehensive text on animal influenza. Organized by species, coverage includes avian, swine, equine and mammals, with each section including data on influenza viruses, the infection and disease they cause, and strategies used in control. Covers the full range of topics within avian, swine, equine and mammalian influenzas in one comprehensive and authoritative text Provides a summarization of peer-reviewed and empirical data on influenza viruses, the infection, and diseases they cause Discusses strategies used in control of the disease Leading experts are drawn together to provide an international and multi-disciplinary perspective Fuses latest developments in basic scientific research with practical guidance on management of the disease

Diseases of Poultry

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119371171
Total Pages : 1488 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Diseases of Poultry by :

Download or read book Diseases of Poultry written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 1488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most complete and definitive reference to all aspects of poultry diseases, Diseases of Poultry, Fourteenth Edition has been fully revised and updated to offer a comprehensive survey of current knowledge. Updates the definitive reference of poultry health and disease Provides more clinically relevant information on management of specific diseases, contributed by clinical poultry veterinarians Offers information on disease control in organic and antibiotic-free production Presents more concise, streamlined chapters for ease of use Incorporates advances in the field, from new diagnostic tools and information to changes brought about by the increasing globalization and the re-emergence of zoonotic pathogens

Animal Influenza Virus

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Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493947560
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Influenza Virus by : Erica Spackman

Download or read book Animal Influenza Virus written by Erica Spackman and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avian Influenza Virus, Second Edition aims to provide the essential methods used in working with animal influenza viruses, and to compile more advanced information that will guide the user in designing influenza studies. Influenza A viruses are among the most important pathogens for humans, food animals and companion animals. Research and diagnostics with animal influenza viruses are critical to animal health and it should be recognized that the needs and goals of animal agriculture and veterinary medicine are not always the same as those of public health. This volume sorts out the differences in the structure of the poultry, swine and equine industries, the biological differences of influenza virus from each animal group, and provides host, strain and lineage specific guidance and procedures. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Avian Influenza Virus, Second Edition seeks to serve both professionals and novices with its well-honed methodologies in an effort to further our knowledge of these important pathogens.

Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition

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Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481657143
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

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Book Synopsis Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Vaccines in a concise format. The editors have built Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Vaccines in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Approaches to Controlling, Preventing and Eliminating H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Endemic Countries

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Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Approaches to Controlling, Preventing and Eliminating H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Endemic Countries by :

Download or read book Approaches to Controlling, Preventing and Eliminating H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Endemic Countries written by and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2011 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since then, most affected countries have eliminated the disease.