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An Evaluation Of Two Conceptual Wastewater Treatment Schemes For A Lurgi Based Indirect Coal Liquefaction Plant
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Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Two Conceptual Wastewater Treatment Schemes for a Lurgi-based Indirect Coal Liquefaction Plant by : J. F. Villiers-Fisher
Download or read book An Evaluation of Two Conceptual Wastewater Treatment Schemes for a Lurgi-based Indirect Coal Liquefaction Plant written by J. F. Villiers-Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems by : Gayathri Devi Mekala
Download or read book A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems written by Gayathri Devi Mekala and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of un-treated/partially treated wastewater for irrigation in the dry countries of Asia and Africa and recycling of treated wastewater in the water scarce developed countries has become a common practice due to various reasons. While the lack of wastewater treatment to appropriate levels before use is a major problem in developing countries, the high cost of wastewater recycling is the major problem in developed countries. The current paper is part of a doctoral research and presents the conceptual framework for the research and the methodology that can be used to tackle the problems associated with wastewater recycling.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Operation and Maintenance Factors Limiting Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Performance by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Operation and Maintenance Factors Limiting Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Process Design Manual for Upgrading Existing Wastewater Treatment Plants by : Metcalf & Eddy
Download or read book Process Design Manual for Upgrading Existing Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Metcalf & Eddy and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of operation and maintenance factors limiting biological wastewater treatment plant performance by : Albert C. Gray
Download or read book Evaluation of operation and maintenance factors limiting biological wastewater treatment plant performance written by Albert C. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Upgrading Existing Wastewater Treatment Plants by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book Upgrading Existing Wastewater Treatment Plants written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Efficient Investments in Wastewater Treatment Plants by : Kenneth Rubin
Download or read book Efficient Investments in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Kenneth Rubin and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technology Roadmap for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Plants in a Carbon-Constrained World by : George V. Crawford
Download or read book Technology Roadmap for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Plants in a Carbon-Constrained World written by George V. Crawford and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resources end up in wastewater through inefficient consumption. As a result, wastewater contains reusable water, carbon (energy) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) that could be recovered or reused. Meanwhile, current treatment objectives are to produce an acceptable quality of water for reuse or discharge at the lowest life cycle cost. Most of the current treatment processes manage carbon and nutrients as wastes to be removed, and do not attempt to capitalize on these resources inherent in wastewater. In the context of sustainability and climate change, the next generation of wastewater treatment processes should focus on resource recovery (water reuse, energy/carbon recovery and nutrient recovery) as much as they currently do on treatment. The future goal is for wastewater treatment of domestic wastewater to have a minimal carbon footprint, and to be 100% self–sustainable with regards to energy, carbon, and nutrients, while achieving a discharge or reuse quality that preserves the quality of the receiving waters. In May 2009, the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) convened a work group of international experts in the wastewater sector to develop a Wastewater Treatment Technology Roadmap which will identify possible routes to sustainable wastewater treatment in a carbon-constrained world. The resultant Technology Roadmap report identifies pathways toward sustainable wastewater systems over the next few decades, including various approaches the sector could utilize over the 20-30 year planning horizon. The Technology Roadmap describes the current status of wastewater technologies, projects future treatment quality requirements, identifies research needs, and summarizes ongoing activities to meet the perceived future objectives such as reducing the carbon footprint while achieving lower nutrient levels. Work group participants brainstormed possible technology concepts which can be reasonably expected to produce actionable results that can be implemented by interested wastewater utilities. The participants considered typical and atypical approaches to optimizing carbon and nutrient management at WWTPs. Typical approaches include the evaluation of process modeling opportunities and constraints, and incremental resource and carbon management optimization techniques. Atypical approaches will be even more important to the future of wastewater resource reclamation. As an additional outcome, several work group members suggested conceptual and sustainable “plant of the future” treatment systems not constrained by existing infrastructure. Participants discussed their “Plant of the Future” concepts which can be expected to generate opportunities and research needs related to energy sources within treatment plants, changing wastewater characteristics, decentralized treatment, increased nutrient recovery and management, and total water reuse.
Book Synopsis Training system for conceptual design and evaluation for wastewater treatment by : Victor Helix Chipofya
Download or read book Training system for conceptual design and evaluation for wastewater treatment written by Victor Helix Chipofya and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Striking the Balance between Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment and Sustainability by : J. B. Neethling
Download or read book Striking the Balance between Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment and Sustainability written by J. B. Neethling and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on sustainability impacts as wastewater treatment plants implement treatment technologies to meet increasingly stringent nutrient limits. The objective is to determine if a point of “diminishing returns” is reached where the sustainability impacts of increased levels of nutrient removal outweigh the benefits of better water quality. Five different hypothetical treatment trains at a nominal 10 mgd flow were developed to meet treatment targets that ranged from cBOD mode (Level 1) to four different nutrient removal targets. The nutrient removal targets ranged from 8 mg N/L; 1 mg P/L (Level 2) to the most stringent at 2 mg N/L; 0.02 mg P/L (Level 5). Given that sustainability is a broad term, the industry-accepted three pillars of sustainability were evaluated and discussed, and particular emphasis was placed on the environmental and economic pillars. The following variables received the most attention: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a water quality surrogate that reflects potential algal growth, capital and operational costs, energy demand, and consumables such as chemicals, gas, diesel, etc. The results from the GHG emissions metric are shown below. Note that biogas cogeneration is represented by negative values as biogas production can be used to offset energy demands. The nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions values are based on the average biological nutrient removal (BNR) and non-BNR plants evaluated in the United States national survey by Ahn et al. (2010b). The error bars represent the data range of the national survey. div The GHG emissions results suggest that a point of diminishing return is reached at Level 4 (3 mg N/L; 0.1 mg P/L). The GHG emissions show a steady increase from Levels 1 to 4, followed by a 65% increase when moving from Level 4 to 5. Despite a 70% increase in GHGs, the discharged nutrient load only decreases by 1% by going from Level 4 to 5. The primary contributors to GHG emissions are energy related (aeration, pumping, mixing). The GHG emissions associated with chemical use increases for the more stringent nutrient targets that required chemical treatment in addition to biological nutrient removal. In terms of cost, the total project capital cost increases approximately one-third from $9.3 million to $12.7 million for changing from Level 1 to 2, followed by a more than doubling in cost when changing from Level 1 to 5. Total project capital costs in this report are for a Greenfield plant. The operational cost increase between levels is more pronounced than total project capital cost with more than five-times increase from Level 1 to 5 ($250/MG treated to $1,370/MG treated, respectively). /div This report focused on in-plant (point source) options for nutrient removal and the implications for cost and sustainability. Other approaches, such as addressing non-point sources, could be added to the assessment. Rather than focusing strictly on point source dischargers and requiring Level 4 or 5 treatments, Level 3 or 4 treatments complimented with best management practices of non-point sources might be a more sustainable approach at achieving comparable water quality.
Book Synopsis Best Practices for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment by : George V. Crawford
Download or read book Best Practices for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment written by George V. Crawford and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03-15 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of the Optimization Challenge is to develop an approach that will allow the wastewater sector to achieve treatment goals while reducing the resources expended by 20% or more. The greater energy and chemical demands of facilities that provide nutrient removal make them a particularly challenging target, yet one with a significant potential return. This report has three objectives: To evaluate the European Experience with energy reduction and best practices at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) To evaluate the best practices employed at a European WWTP exhibiting significant energy reductions and energy management To develop a viable template for a mass and energy balance model to be used as the basis for a subscriber-accessible tool that will be developed later The project team considered European facilities that have a history of process optimization and could serve as examples of best practices for the industry. One of these is the Strass im Zillertal WWTP near Innsbruck, Austria, a municipal facility that provides for both nitrogen and phosphorus removal. A lengthy optimization process spanning more than a decade has enabled the Strass plant to attain the singular goal of producing more electricity on an annual basis than it consumes. Factors specific to the plant contributed to the Strass WWTP’s transformation into a net electricity producer, including the facility’s need for only low level (5 meter static head) influent pumping. However, the bulk of the energy and process optimization resulted from a combination of national programs, concerted efforts by a highly-educated operations team, and an energy-conscious mindset. WERF and its subscribers can readily apply these success factors to North American facilities. This study examined the context, drivers, and decisions behind the Strass WWTP enhancements toward energy self-sufficiency. These included: Examining regional and national energy and resource conservation programs that target wastewater treatment facilities in Scandinavia, Holland, Germany, Switzerland, and Austria Assessing Energy Conservation manuals used to promote resource conservation in European WWTPs Defining metrics applicable to WWTP operations optimization Evaluating Strass WWTP performance, including interviews with the plant operations staff Formalizing and extending the approaches used by the Strass team to quantify and evaluate the sustainability of treatment plant operations, and developing an approach to adapt them to the North American reality.
Book Synopsis Retrofitting Publicly-owned Treatment Works for Compliance by : Bob A. Hegg
Download or read book Retrofitting Publicly-owned Treatment Works for Compliance written by Bob A. Hegg and published by William Andrew Publishing. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is intended as a source document for individuals responsible for improving the performance of an existing, non-complying wastewater treatment facility. Described are: 1) methods to evaluate an existing facility's capability to achieve improved performance, 2) a process for systematically improving its performance, and 3) details on how to modify the facility to achieve the required levels of performance. The manual emphasizes meeting National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements for secondary treatment facilities (30 mg/L BODs and TSS). Though the manual is not intended to describe cost saving options or to present alternatives for designing new facilities for expansion purposes (i.e., to provide increased hydraulic and/or BOD loading capacity), in some cases the approach and modifications described may result in cost savings and/or increased capacity. The need for better treatment performance from existing facilities is widespread. Usually the most cost effective approach for owners to achieve compliance is to optimize existing facilities either in terms of capital or operational improvements. Recent events have provided impetus to this approach by increasing incentives for improving existing plant performance.
