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An Evaluation Of Influences On Preadolescent Boys Body Mass Index And Body Composition
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Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Influences on Preadolescent Boys' Body Mass Index and Body Composition by : Lynn Samson Brann
Download or read book An Evaluation of Influences on Preadolescent Boys' Body Mass Index and Body Composition written by Lynn Samson Brann and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Body Composition Assessment in Children and Adolescents by : T. Jürimäe
Download or read book Body Composition Assessment in Children and Adolescents written by T. Jürimäe and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulating and up to date, this book is a distinctive reference for pediatricians, nutritionists, anthropologists, exercise and sport scientists as well as sport medicine specialists.
Book Synopsis Human Body Composition by : Steven Heymsfield
Download or read book Human Body Composition written by Steven Heymsfield and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2005 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd edition of Human Body Composition includes updated information and new chapters. The editors and 35 contributors are well respected researchers in the field of body composition science. This is one of few texts that provides comprehensive coverage of body composition research. The primary intent is to present current information on research methods. This book can serve as a textbook for those who are students or new researchers. Descriptions of various methods and background information are imparted in great detail with numerous references. New chapters address energy expenditure, animal body composition, molecular genetics and body composition as it relates to disease states of cancer, HIV, obesity and certain inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This book is recommended for students and new researchers in the field of body composition research who need to learn various methods, histories and practical applications--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Development of body composition and its relationship with physical activity in healthy Swedish children by : Hanna Henriksson
Download or read book Development of body composition and its relationship with physical activity in healthy Swedish children written by Hanna Henriksson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity according to the World Health Organization is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The proportion of childhood obesity is high both globally and in Sweden. This is of great concern since obese children tend to stay obese in adulthood. In order to develop strategies to prevent early childhood obesity more knowledge is needed regarding factors explaining why children become overweight and obese. Preventive strategies require accurate and easy-to-use methods to assess physical activity in response to energy expenditure as well as energy intake in young children, but such methods are largely lacking or have shown limited accuracy. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to describe the longitudinal development of body composition from 1 week to 4.5 years of age; 2) to study relationships between measures of body composition and the physical activity level (PAL) at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 3) to evaluate if heart rate recording and movement registration using Actiheart can capture variations in total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) at 1.5 and 3 years; 4) to evaluate the potential of a 7-day activity diary to assess PAL at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 5) to evaluate a new tool (TECH) using mobile phones for assessing energy intake at 3 years of age. Healthy children were investigated at 1 and 12 weeks (n=44), at 1.5 (n=44), 3 (n=33) and 4.5 (n=26) years of age. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks and at 4.5 years of age. At 1.5 and 3 years, body composition, TEE, PAL and AEE were assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Heart rate and movements were recorded using Actiheart (four days) and physical activities were registered using the 7-day diary. Energy intake was assessed using TECH during one complete 24-hour period. Average percentage of total body fat (TBF) and average fat mass index (FMI) were higher (+3 to +81 %), while fat-free mass index (FFMI) was slightly lower (-2 to -9 %), in children in the study from 12 weeks until 4.5 years of age when compared to corresponding reference values. A relationship between TBF% and PAL was found both at 1.5 and 3 years of age. At 3 years, but not at 1.5 years, this could be explained by a relationship between PAL and FFMI. Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction (8%) of the variation in free-living TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE (6 %) at 3 years, above that explained by body composition variables. At 1.5 and 3 years of age, PAL estimated by means of the activity diary using metabolic equivalent (MET) values by Ainsworth et al. was not significantly different from reference PAL, but the accuracy for individuals was low. Average energy intake assessed by TECH was not significantly different from TEE. However, the accuracy for individuals was poor. The results of this thesis suggest that 1) The higher body fatness of the children in the study compared to the corresponding reference values may indicate the presence of a secular trend in body composition development characterized by a high body fatness. 2) Body fatness might counteract physical activity at 1.5 years of age when the capacity to perform physical activity is limited, but not at 3 years of age when such a capacity has been developed. 3) Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction of the variation in TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE at 3 years of age, above that explained by body composition variables. 4) The activity diary and TECH produced mean values in agreement with reference PAL and TEE, respectively, but the accuracy for individual children was low. In conclusion, the results of this thesis suggest the presence of a secular trend in body composition development in healthy Swedish children, from infancy up to 4.5 years of age, which is characterized by a high body fatness. Methods to assess physical activity and energy intake at 1.5 and 3 years of age provided some promising results on a group level, although further research is needed to increase the accuracy of these methods in individual children.
Book Synopsis Physical Activity, Fitness, Nutrition and Obesity During Growth by : Jana Pařízková
Download or read book Physical Activity, Fitness, Nutrition and Obesity During Growth written by Jana Pařízková and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015-09-30 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An imbalance between high energy intake – due to inadequate diet – and reduced energy expenditure – caused by sedentary habits – is believed to create an inherent risk of obesity among individuals. Lifestyle changes among preschool children coupled with health problems (cardiovascular, metabolic, orthopedic, psychological etc.) correlate to an observed increase in body mass index and may even predispose growing children towards obesity in their adult life. Adequate physical activity in the form of regular exercise (in terms of intensity, frequency and duration) has been shown to reduce BMI and have a positive impact on health and physical fitness levels among children. Thus physical activity programs have been applied for obesity prevention and treatment with some degree of success. Physical Activity, Fitness, Nutrition and Obesity During Growth focuses on research findings and recommendations to mitigate obesity risk in children during early growth stages. The reviews presented in this volume give readers an interdisciplinary insight into the realm of obesity as a global epidemic in early childhood. The review also discusses interventions based on physical activity, which can help combat obesity among children while avoiding undesirable strategies (such as strict diets). The book is intended for public health officials, social workers, as well as general medical practitioners and counsellors.
Book Synopsis Physical Fitness and Nutrition During Growth by : Jana Pa?ízková
Download or read book Physical Fitness and Nutrition During Growth written by Jana Pa?ízková and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a review of current research on the relationships between dietary intake, growth, physical activity and exercise in different environments throughout the world, and their impact on health and physical fitness. The combined influence of heredity and environment on the potential for growth and functional development has been hotly debated for many years. Amongst the more critical environmental factors commonly considered are nutrition, physical activity and motor stimulation. This book examines how these factors affect the growth and development of children and youth in developed and developing countries. Characteristics of children from Africa, the Indian sub-continent, Europe, Australia, and North and South America are presented by leading exponents of work in these areas. The contents provide new insights on positive health and optimal somatic and functional development during childhood. It will be of interest to a wide range of scientists and health professionals including pedagogues, exercise physiologists, pediatricians, auxologists, nutritionists, dietitians, anthropologists, human biologists and other medical practitioners.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of the Impact of South Asian Ethnicity on Body Composition, Dimensions and Proportions in Children and Adolescents, and Their Potential for Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by : Mahjabeen Shah
Download or read book An Assessment of the Impact of South Asian Ethnicity on Body Composition, Dimensions and Proportions in Children and Adolescents, and Their Potential for Risk of Metabolic Syndrome written by Mahjabeen Shah and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asians (SA) are a high-risk group for cardiometabolic disease, which is partly attributed, to their ?thin-fat? body composition (BC) phenotype. Generally, SAs have a higher % fat mass (FM) and less skeletal muscle mass (SMM), together with a more abdominal distribution of body fat, compared with white Europeans (WE) at equivalent body mass index (BMI) values. SAs also tend to have a shorter adult stature. Effective paediatric monitoring and clinical management requires improved tools for assessing body fatness and other components of BC. This is partly due to BMI being regarded as an inadequate indicator of adiposity and SMM, particularly for SAs, thus other field-based measures of BC have been investigated. In addition to BMI, several UK BC references for WE children and adolescents are available, including WC, %FM, and SMM; however, there are no similar references available for their SA counterparts. This thesis is comprised of four key studies in which ethnic variations in BC (%FM and appendicular SMM (SMMa)), WC, and leg length (LL) in particular relative LL (RLL) between SA and WE children and adolescents (aged 5-18y) were investigated. The core aim was to develop age- and sex-specific percentile references for %FM, SMMa, and WC for the SA ethnicity. In study one, the BC418 bioelectrical impedance analyser (BIA) was validated against DXA for field-based BC assessment, in a sample of SA children (n= 53; 5-21y) to develop an ethnic-specific prediction equation for FM, FFM and SMMa determination, as prior studies have found BIA underestimates %FM in SAs. This equation was found to be only valid for children {601}9y, which was attributed to the opportunistic nature of recruitment. It was concluded that no single equation was valid across the whole child and adolescent population. This equation needs to be tested in an independent group to confirm its accuracy and functionality, prior to wider application. Due to discrepancies in DXA weight and scale weight, it was not possible to develop a prediction equation for SMMa, although the existing BIA output was considered acceptable due to the very small between-method relative differences. In study two the new BIA prediction equation was applied to a large SA dataset of children (n =1,624) from low-income communities. Compared to UK90 (SDS) reference data, both SA girls and boys (9-14y) were significantly shorter, lighter, with a lower mean BMI and WC compared with their WE counterparts, with no significant differences in %FM. %FM and SMMa reference curves were constructed and comparisons were made between published WE (from affluent areas, WE1) reference curves, together with a low-income cohort (WE2). Comparisons in %FM at the 50th centile, between the SA and WE cohorts revealed that SAs had greater %FM overall, and this difference increased after application of the new equation. Similarly, across all age ranges SAs had significantly less relative SMMa than their WE counterparts. The third study generated SA sex- and ethnic-specific WC centile curves. SDS comparisons with the WE2 cohort revealed SAs had a significantly lower mean WC than their WE2 counterparts. It was concluded that, as WC acts as a proxy for visceral fat, ethnic-specific cut-offs similar to those adopted for adults in India should be considered for children. The final study on LL revealed that SAs had a longer RLL than WE children, although as RLL data for WEs was derived, this would require further verification. The outcomes from these studies provide the evidence base and assessment tools to support the use of ethnic-specific references for children and youths in the UK from a SA background. The findings in this thesis demonstrate that overweight and obesity vary across different ethnic groups and this variation needs to be considered in the context of the clinical referral for individual children as well as for population surveillance. These are the first set of reference percentile charts for BC, proportions and dimensions in the UK SA paediatric population. Our findings support the use of these ethnic-specific references that go beyond BMI as an indicator of obesity-related metabolic health risk.
Book Synopsis A Longitudinal Investigation of Influences on the Development of Boys' Body Satisfaction by : Andrea Joy Ericksen
Download or read book A Longitudinal Investigation of Influences on the Development of Boys' Body Satisfaction written by Andrea Joy Ericksen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency and Body Composition in Children Aged 4-6 Years by : Samuel W. Logan
Download or read book The Relationship Between Motor Proficiency and Body Composition in Children Aged 4-6 Years written by Samuel W. Logan and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity is a serious national health issue. There are many contributing factors in the development of obesity including the following: nutritional habits, environmental circumstances, genetics, socioeconomic status, motor proficiency, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of participation in physical activity. Two of these factors that have not received sufficient empirical investigation in the preschool population are motor proficiency and physical activity. In order to address this knowledge gap, three separate studies were conducted for this thesis project. First, thirty-five children aged 4-6 years had the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC) and Body Mass Index measured and correlated. BMI groups were defined by the following range of percentile rankings: low BMI = 1st-25th, medium BMI = 26th-74th, high BMI = 75th-99th. No significant relationship was found between MABC and BMI percentile ranks (r = -.24). When subjects were grouped into high, medium, and low body composition, significant differences in MABC percentile existed between high and low (p = .025), and high and medium (p = .035) groups. These results suggest that children classified as overweight or obese display significantly lower motor proficiency than their peers with medium and low BMIs. In additional analyses, participants were also grouped according to motor proficiency determined by MABC percentile rankings (MPlow: 1st-30th, MPmed: 31st-69th, and MPhigh: 70th-99th). Significant differences existed in mean BMI percentile rankings between the MPlow and MPhigh (p = .016) and the MPlow and MPmed (p .001) groups. Both results indicate a significantly higher BMI percentile ranking for the low motor proficient group compared to the medium and high motor proficient groups. This study indicates there is a direct relationship between motor proficiency and body composition in the preschool population. The second part of this thesis involved testing seventeen children aged 4-6 years on the object control subset of the Test of Gross Motor Development -2 (TGMD). The purpose was to determine if a relationship exists between BMI and object control skills in a sample of preschool children. The Pearson correlation was non-significant between BMI percentile and object control percentile (r actual
Author :Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309283140 Total Pages :503 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (92 download)
Book Synopsis Educating the Student Body by : Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis Advances in Body Composition Assessment by : Timothy G. Lohman
Download or read book Advances in Body Composition Assessment written by Timothy G. Lohman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this reference Timothy Lohman explores the latest issues and controversies in body composition assessment. He contends that new approaches are needed and discusses methods being developed and perfected.
Book Synopsis Childhood Obesity Prevention by : Kristi Robusto
Download or read book Childhood Obesity Prevention written by Kristi Robusto and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: This dissertation explored three hierarchical levels of the Behavioral Ecological Model (BEM) related to childhood obesity by addressing the following aims: (1) explore the relationships between preadolescents' body composition (i.e., fat and lean mass) and bone mass/density; (2) explore the relationships between preadolescents' engagement in physical activity and sedentary behavior with their body composition; and (3) perform a systematic review evaluating the relationships between parental household rules, child/adolescent sleep, other obesity-related behaviors, and weight status/body composition. Methods: For Aims 1 and 2, analysis of the validity baseline data collected between 2009 and 2014 for the Healthy Smiles Trial was performed (N = 44). For Aim 3, a systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed (Medline) and Google Scholar databases. After screening abstracts and articles for inclusion, studies included in the review (N = 48) were evaluated and study fidelity was scored. Results: In 8- to 14-year-old boys and girls, DXA-derived body composition was related to bone mass. Bivariate analyses showed lean mass measures were positively associated with total body less head (TBLH) and AP Spine (L1L4) bone mineral content (BMC)/density (BMD); however, after controlling for age, gender, height, weight, and pubertal status, the relationships were insignificant. Partial correlations controlling for age, gender, height, weight, and pubertal status showed fat mass index (FMI) was significantly negatively associated with TBLH BMC and L1L4 BMC (p
Book Synopsis Eating Behavior and Food Decision Making in Children and Adolescents by : Oh-Ryeong Ha
Download or read book Eating Behavior and Food Decision Making in Children and Adolescents written by Oh-Ryeong Ha and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Anthropometry by : Victor R. Preedy
Download or read book Handbook of Anthropometry written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 3039 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropometry is the physical measurement of linear growth and body composition. In this handbook all facets and features of anthropometry are described. Each chapter includes applications to other areas of health and disease.
Book Synopsis Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents by : Johannes Hebebrand
Download or read book Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents written by Johannes Hebebrand and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a quick, expert overview of best practices for diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents. This concise resource by Drs. Johannes Hebebrand and Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann provides psychiatrists and pediatricians with current information in this increasingly important field, including practical sections on developmental aspects of eating disorders, symptomology, epidemiology, etiology and pathyphysiology, treatment and outcomes, and prevention. - Discusses general concepts for feeding, eating, and weight disorders; body weight and composition, appetite regulation, and the emergence of body perception and image. - Covers genetics of eating and weight disorders, influence of hormones, intergenerational effects, and food addiction. - Includes information on cognitive behavioral therapy, family-based therapies, early intervention, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and other treatments. - Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into a single convenient resource.
