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An Environmental Assessment Of Sensor Based Variable Rate Nitrogen Management In Corn
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Book Synopsis An Environmental Assessment of Sensor-based Variable-rate Nitrogen Management in Corn by : Darrin F. Roberts
Download or read book An Environmental Assessment of Sensor-based Variable-rate Nitrogen Management in Corn written by Darrin F. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in agricultural production systems has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. N fertilizer unused by the crop is left to the fate of the processes of the N cycle, and can eventually lead to detrimental effects to the environment. As a result, an issue of increasing concern in the U.S. Midwest is nitrate contamination of surface and ground waters. A likely contributing factor to contamination is that crop N need varies spatially across whole fields. In order to address this problem, various methods have been used to try to account for spatial variability of N within agricultural fields. One approach to account for this variability and thereby reduce nitrate pollution is in-season site-specific N application according to economic optimal N rate (EONR). Active-light reflectance sensors have been successfully used for site-specific N applications in wheat. Recently, these sensors have been tested for mid-season, on-the-go N fertilizer application in corn. This 2004 and 2005 study was conducted on 12 Missouri producer corn fields to (1) evaluate the relationship between EONR and active-light reflectance sensor readings, and (2) evaluate the relationship between environmental measurements and EONR. N treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design at rates of 0-235 kg N ha-1 at 34 kg N ha-1 increments. Measurements included EONR, crop N yield efficiency (YE), N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NFRE), and post-harvest soil inorganic N levels. A quadratic-plateau function was used to determine EONR for 68 different treatment sets obtained from the 12 fields. Crop response to N was significant (i.e. EONR was calculable) for nearly all treatment sets in 2004 because of very good growing conditions. Nearly the opposite was found in 2005 because of a droughty growing season. In 2004, EONR was significantly related to active-light sensor indices, but with regression model coefficients of determination (r 2) ≤ 0.35 for all sensor indices evaluated. However, including soil electrical conductivity (EC) in the regression model improved the r2 to 0.47. Sensor measurements were found to be significantly related to delta yield. However, delta yield was not a good predictor of EONR (r2 = 0.34). A relationship between EONR and the indices could not be established for 2005 data. In 2004, YE at EONR was not the same between fields, and ranged from 19-47 kg grain (kg N) -1. As N rate approached EONR, both YE and NFRE declined, while post-harvest inorganic N levels increased. These preliminary results show promise for using active-light reflectance sensors to achieve EONR and reduce N loss off fields.
Book Synopsis Sensor-based Nitrogen Management on Non-irrigated Corn Based Systems in Nebraska by : Samantha L. Teten
Download or read book Sensor-based Nitrogen Management on Non-irrigated Corn Based Systems in Nebraska written by Samantha L. Teten and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in corn to reduce environmental impacts while maintaining producer profitability remains a challenge due to spatial and temporal variability in crop yield potential and soil N dynamics. In response to these challenges, active crop canopy sensors and imagery systems have been studied to test the performance of vegetative index-based N management, but adoption has been low. There is also a lack of field-scale research evaluating this technology in water-limiting environments. The evaluation of two sensor-based N management techniques was completed at nine non-irrigated sites in Eastern Nebraska. The first sensor-based N management technique evaluated an active crop canopy sensor and Holland-Schepers model to direct real-time, in-season N applications on corn. Compared to growers' management, active sensor management improved N use efficiency (NUE) by 16.8±8.4 kg grain kg N-1 and reduced N fertilizer inputs by 38.7±20.8 kg N ha-1 . All sites resulted in less N applied than the growers' management. Two of the nine sites resulted in significant yield losses compared to the sensor-based management with an average yield loss across all sites of 0.49±0.69 Mg grain ha-1 . Average partial profitability was $2.40±15.48 US$ ha-1 less than the growers' practices. Early season base N rates and timing influenced the NUE of active sensor N management approach. The second sensor-based management technique utilized aerial imagery and the Holland-Schepers model to develop variable-rate N prescriptions for in-season applications. The approach incorporated sub-field yield potential by varying the estimated optimum N rate used in the algorithm based on management zones (MZ). The aerial imagery-based management improved NUE compared to the growers' current management by 23.6±15.3 kg grain kg N-1 and did not result in differences in partial profit. The integration of MZs influenced the total N applied and demonstrated the potential to improve imagery-based recommendations using spatial field data. Overall, compared to grower management, active sensors improved NUE in nonirrigated sites where rainfall is a yield limiting factor. Aerial imagery-based prescriptions also improved NUE compared to grower management and provided an opportunity to further refine sensor-based management to account for sub-field variability by incorporating yield potential and soil attributes.
Book Synopsis Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin by :
Download or read book Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Integrated Crop- and Soil-based Strategy for Variable-rate Nitrogen Management in Corn by : Darrin F. Roberts
Download or read book An Integrated Crop- and Soil-based Strategy for Variable-rate Nitrogen Management in Corn written by Darrin F. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ground Sensor Based Variable Rate Nitrogen Management by :
Download or read book Ground Sensor Based Variable Rate Nitrogen Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Attitude and Its Effect on Growers' Nitrogen Management Practices by : Maria Emily Ouano Arnaiz
Download or read book Environmental Attitude and Its Effect on Growers' Nitrogen Management Practices written by Maria Emily Ouano Arnaiz and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variable Rate Technology for N Fertilizer Application by : Reginald Gary Kachanoski
Download or read book Variable Rate Technology for N Fertilizer Application written by Reginald Gary Kachanoski and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture by : Salim Lamine
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture written by Salim Lamine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement into Innovation compiles the latest applications of remote sensing in agriculture using spaceborne, airborne and drones’ geospatial data. The book presents case studies, new algorithms and the latest methods surrounding crop sown area estimation, determining crop health status, assessment of vegetation dynamics, crop diseases identification, crop yield estimation, soil properties, drone image analysis for crop damage assessment, and other issues in precision agriculture. This book is ideal for those seeking to explore and implement remote sensing in an effective and efficient manner with its compendium of scientifically and technologically sound information. Presents a well-integrated collection of chapters, with quality, consistency and continuity Provides the latest RS techniques in Precision Agriculture that are addressed by leading experts Includes detailed, yet geographically global case studies that can be easily understood, reproduced or implemented Covers geospatial data, with codes available through shared links
Book Synopsis Variable-rate Nitrogen Management for Irrigated Corn by : Cristoti Apale Redulla
Download or read book Variable-rate Nitrogen Management for Irrigated Corn written by Cristoti Apale Redulla and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Variable Rate Nitrogen Technologies for Corn in Minnesota by : Jeffrey Vetsch
Download or read book Evaluation of Variable Rate Nitrogen Technologies for Corn in Minnesota written by Jeffrey Vetsch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the ... North Central Extension-Industry Soil Fertility Conference by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the ... North Central Extension-Industry Soil Fertility Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Precision in Crop Farming by : Hermann J. Heege
Download or read book Precision in Crop Farming written by Hermann J. Heege and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High yields and environmental control in crop farming call for precise adaptations to local growing conditions. Treating large fields in a uniform way by high capacity machinery cannot be regarded as a sustainable method for many situations. Because differences existing within single fields must be considered. The transition from former field work carried out manually or by small implements to present-day high-capacity machinery caused that the farmers lost the immediate and close contact with soils and crops. However, modern sensing and controlling technology can make up for this deficit. High tech methods that include proximal sensing and signals from satellites can provide for controls that allow adjusting farming operations to small fractions of one ha and sometimes even down to some m2, hence in a site-specific mode. This applies to operations for soil cultivation, sowing, fertilizing and plant protection. This book deals with site-specific concepts, applications and results.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Management of Corn with Sensor Technology by : Andrew Neil Tucker
Download or read book Nitrogen Management of Corn with Sensor Technology written by Andrew Neil Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop in Kansas primarily used as livestock feed for cattle in the feedlots, and there has been increased use of corn for ethanol production as well. According to the USDA National Agriculture Statistics approximately 1.7 million hectares of corn is planted each year in Kansas, with an average yield ranging from 5,750-7,750 kg ha[superscript]-1 within the last five years (2005-2009). With this variability in yield and volatility of crop and fertilizer prices over that same period, it seems logical that optimum nitrogen or N rates may vary. A series of 14 field experiments were conducted across Kansas from 2006 through 2009 to address this issue. Specific experiments included: evaluating optimum N rates from side-dressing nitrogen fertilizer; timing of nitrogen application, pre-plant vs. split applications and normal side-dress V-6-V-9 vs. late side-dress V-14-V-16; N response of corn to a late side-dress of nitrogen fertilizer; and the evaluation of optical sensors for making in season N recommendations. The specific objectives of this research were to: a. Determine the optimum N application rate and timing to optimize corn grain yields in different corn producing regions in Kansas. b. Confirm or revise the current K-State soil test based N recommendation system for corn. c. Evaluate N management strategies using the GreenSeeker, Crop Circle, and SPAD meter, crop sensors. d. Develop draft GreenSeeker, Crop Circle, and SPAD sensor algorithms for producers to use. Grain corn yields were responsive to N at all but 3 sites. Grain yields obtained at the sites ranged from 3,460 to 15,480 kg ha[superscript]-1. Optimum N rates varied from 0 to 246 kg N ha[superscript]-1. This work suggests that current K-State N fertilizer recommendations for corn need revisions due to over recommendation of N. Including different coefficients for irrigated and dry land corn along with N recovery terms would create a more accurate N recommendation system that more closely reflects the results obtained in these experiments, and provide a significant improvement over the current system. The optical sensors used in this study were effective at making N recommendations for corn. These sensors can be a valuable tool for producers to use and determine in season N status of corn.
Book Synopsis Environmental Contaminants by : Pritam Ganguly
Download or read book Environmental Contaminants written by Pritam Ganguly and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-13 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume looks at the impact, assessment, and remediation of various environmental contaminants. It discusses the environmental changes that can occur due to arsenic, heavy metals, herbicides, fluorides, microplastics, chemical fertilizers contaminants; the remedial measures of these environmental contaminants; and how to analyze trace-level concentrations of contaminants.
Book Synopsis Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle by : Arvin Mosier
Download or read book Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle written by Arvin Mosier and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.
Book Synopsis Integration of Plant-based Canopy Sensors for Site-specific Nitrogen Management by : Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi
Download or read book Integration of Plant-based Canopy Sensors for Site-specific Nitrogen Management written by Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The soil's nitrogen (N) supply can vary drastically in the field, spatially as well as temporally making any soil prediction difficult even with very detailed mapping. Consequently, a plant-based approach wherein the measured canopy can indicate the N needs in a reactive and spatially-variable way can be a better approach than mapping, because integrate the soil N supply and translate the crop need on-the-go. The first experiment evaluated the performance of various spectral indices for sensing N status of corn, where spectral variability might be confounded by water-induced variations in crop reflectance. We found that water and previous crops effects on vegetation indices (VI) must be considered, and also that some VIs are less susceptible to water with good ability for N differentiation. In the second experiment, the objective was to develop an approach that relies on local soil conditions as well as on active canopy sensor measurements for real-time adjustment of N application rate. We found that local variations in plant N availability must be considered to determine the optimal N rate on-the-go, and that the localized reference incorporated the spatial variability of the N-rich plot. Next, we determined the correlation between active canopy sensors assessments of N availability and ultrasonic sensor measurements of canopy height at several growth stages for corn. We found strong correlations between both sensors and that they had similar abilities to distinguish N-mediated differences in canopy development. The integrated use of both sensors improved the N estimation compared to the isolated use of either sensor. Based on these strong correlations, we developed an N recommendation algorithm based on ultrasonic plant height measurements to be used for on-the-go variable rate N application. Lastly, we evaluated the crop water status using infrared thermometry integrated with optical and ultrasonic sensors, we concluded that the integration of sensors was beneficial to detect water-stressed zones in the field, affecting yield and possibly promising to delineate zones for N and water management.
Author :U.s. Department of Agriculture Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781543136883 Total Pages :46 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (368 download)
Book Synopsis Farm Profits and Adoption of Precision Agriculture by : U.s. Department of Agriculture
Download or read book Farm Profits and Adoption of Precision Agriculture written by U.s. Department of Agriculture and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision agriculture (PA) and its suite of information technologies-such as soil and yield mapping using a global positioning system (GPS), GPS tractor guidance systems, and variable-rate input application-allow farm operators to fine-tune their production practices. Access to detailed, within-field information can decrease input costs and increase yields. USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Survey shows that these PA technologies were used on roughly 30 to 50 percent of U.S. corn and soybean acres in 2010-12. Previous studies suggest that use of PA is associated with higher profits under certain conditions, but aggregate estimates of these gains have not been available. In this report, a treatment-effects model is developed to estimate factors associated with PA technology adoption rates and the impacts of adoption on profits. Labor and machinery used in production and certain farm characteristics, like farm size, are associated with adoption as well as with two profit measures, net returns and operating profits. The impact of these PA technologies on profits for U.S. corn producers is positive, but small. Keywords: Crop production information technologies, precision agriculture, variablerate technology, soil tests, global positioning system maps, guidance systems.
