Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
An Assessment Of Recycled Refractory Material Performance After Two Years Of Service In A Carbon Bake Furnace
Download An Assessment Of Recycled Refractory Material Performance After Two Years Of Service In A Carbon Bake Furnace full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online An Assessment Of Recycled Refractory Material Performance After Two Years Of Service In A Carbon Bake Furnace ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Recycled Refractory Material Performance After Two Years of Service in a Carbon Bake Furnace by :
Download or read book An Assessment of Recycled Refractory Material Performance After Two Years of Service in a Carbon Bake Furnace written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material removed from carbon bake furnaces used to manufacture anodes for the production of aluminum metal has historically been disposed by landfill. This material is composed primarily of 50% alumina refractory. in 1997, Alcoa completed a highly successful program to reuse the spent refractories in castables for carbon bake furnace headwalls and flooring, as roadbed aggregate, and in other internal applications. This program recycled/reused 11,000 metric tons of used refractory material (99% of the material removed from the carbon bake furnace) and saved Alcoa over 3.8 of the 9.6 million dollar projected furnace rebuild costs. As assessment is made of the performance of the recycled refractory components after two years of service.
Book Synopsis Refractories for the Next Millennium by : George Oprea
Download or read book Refractories for the Next Millennium written by George Oprea and published by Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society. This book was released on 2000 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of papers from the American Ceramic Society's Pacific Coast Regional Basic Science Division and Electronics Division Meeting, held in Bellevue, Washington, October 27 -- 29, 1999. This volume contains the proceedings of the Symposium on Refractories for the Next Millennium - The Ninth Symposium on Refractories for the Aluminum Industry. Papers cover such topics as degradation, corrosion tests, simulation, a new type of insulating dry vibratable, other insulation systems, liquid interactions with refractories, new binding systems, aggregates, additive effects, and recycling refractory material.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Refractories for Aluminum Recycling Furnaces by : Edward George Davis
Download or read book Evaluation of Refractories for Aluminum Recycling Furnaces written by Edward George Davis and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Refractories for Mineral Wool Furnaces by : J. R. Cobble
Download or read book Evaluation of Refractories for Mineral Wool Furnaces written by J. R. Cobble and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract -- Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- Test material. Slag ; Refractories -- Cup tests. Description ; Discussion of results -- Rotary tests. Description ; Discussion of results -- Conclusion -- Recommendations.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Creep and Thermophysical Performance of Refractory Materials by : M. K. Ferber
Download or read book Comprehensive Creep and Thermophysical Performance of Refractory Materials written by M. K. Ferber and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Furnace designers and refractory engineers recognize that optimized furnace superstructure design and refractory selection are needed as glass production furnaces are continually striving toward greater output and efficiencies. Harsher operating conditions test refractories to the limit, while changing production technology (such as the conversion to oxy-fuel from traditional air-fuel firing) can alter the way the materials perform [1-3]. Refractories for both oxy- and air-fuel fired furnace superstructures (see Fig. 1) are subjected to high temperatures that may cause them to creep excessively or subside during service if the refractory material is not creep resistant, or if it is subjected to high stress, or both. Furnace designers can ensure that superstructure structural integrity is maintained if the creep behavior of the refractory material is well understood and well represented by appropriate engineering creep models. Several issues limit the abilities of furnace designers to (1) choose the optimum refractory for their applications, (2) optimize the engineering design, or (3) predict the service mechanical integrity of their furnace superstructures. Published engineering creep data are essentially nonexistent for almost all commercially available refractories used for glass furnace superstructures. The limited data that do exist are supplied by the various refractory suppliers. Unfortunately, the suppliers generally have different ways of conducting their mechanical testing, and they interpret and report their data differently. This inconsistency makes it hard for furnace designers to draw fair comparisons between competing grades of candidate refractories. Furthermore, the refractory suppliers' data are often not available in a form that can be readily used for furnace design or for the prediction and design of long-term structural integrity of furnace superstructures. As a consequence, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Industrial Technology Program (ITP) Glass Industry of the Future sponsored research and development at industry, university, and national laboratory sites with the intent to help domestic glass manufacturers improve their energy and operating efficiencies. The optimization of furnace superstructure design using valid engineering creep data is a means to achieving these ITP goals. The present project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) aided in this endeavor by conducting creep testing and analysis on refractories of interest to glass manufacturers at representative service temperatures, enabling the availability of new and improved refractories by refractories suppliers and by generating creep data on equivalent refractories that furnace designers could use for optimizing the design of their superstructures or for predicting their long-term structural integrity. Similar refractory creep-testing projects have been conducted at ORNL [4-6], so many of the unique experimental nuances and difficulties associated with the high-temperature creep testing of refractories have been encountered and overcome.
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Compressive Creep Performance and High Temperature Dimensional Stability of Conventional Silica Refractories by :
Download or read book Compressive Creep Performance and High Temperature Dimensional Stability of Conventional Silica Refractories written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Furnace designers and refractory engineers recognize that optimized furnace superstructure design and refractory selection are needed as glass production furnaces are continually striving toward greater output and efficiencies. Harsher operating conditions test refractories to the limit, while changing production technology (such as the conversion to oxy-fuel from traditional air-fuel firing) can alter the way the materials perform. Refractories for both oxy- and air-fuel fired furnace superstructures are subjected to high temperatures during service that may cause them to excessively creep or subside if the refractory material is not creep resistant, or if it is subjected to high stress, or both. Furnace designers can ensure that superstructure structural integrity is maintained if the creep behavior of the refractory material is well understood and well represented by appropriate engineering creep models. Several issues limit the abilities of furnace designers to (1) choose the optimum refractory for their applications, (2) optimize the engineering design, or (3) predict the service mechanical integrity of their furnace superstructures. Published engineering creep data are essentially non-existent for almost all commercially available refractories used for glass furnace superstructures. The limited data that do exist are supplied by the various refractory suppliers. Unfortunately, these suppliers generally have different ways of conducting their mechanical testing and they also interpret and report their data differently; this makes it hard for furnace designers to draw fair comparisons between competing grades of candidate refractories. Furthermore, the refractory supplier's data are often not available in a form that can be readily used for furnace design and for the prediction and design of long-term structural integrity of furnace superstructures. With the aim of providing such comparable data, the US DOE's Office of Industrial Technology and its Advanced Industrial Materials program is sponsoring work to conduct creep testing and analysis on refractories of interest to the glass industry. An earlier stage of the project involved identifying which refractories to test and this is described elsewhere. Conventional silica was one such identified refractory category, and the present report describes the creep behavior of this class of refractories. To portray a more complete understanding of how these refractories perform at service temperatures, their fundamental corrosion resistances, dimensional stabilities, and microstructure were characterized as well.
Book Synopsis Performance Assessment of Refractory Samples in the Los Alamos Controlled Air Incinerator by :
Download or read book Performance Assessment of Refractory Samples in the Los Alamos Controlled Air Incinerator written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A refractory evaluation project was initiated in 1979 to study the performance of six selected refractory materials within the Los Alamos Controlled Air Incinerator (CAI). Determining refractory resistance to thermal shock, chemical attack, and plutonium uptake was of particular interest. The experimental refractories were subjected to a variety of waste materials, including transuranic (TRU) contaminated wastes, highly chlorinated compounds and alkaline metal salts of perchlorate, chlorate, nitrate and oxylate, over the six year period of this study. Results of this study to date indicate that the use of high alumina, and possibly specialty plastic refractories, is advisable for the lining of incinerators used for the thermal destruction of diverse chemical compounds. 12 refs., 4 tabs.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Scientific Report Steel Foundry Refractory Lining Optimization by :
Download or read book Final Scientific Report Steel Foundry Refractory Lining Optimization written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of the program was to optimize refractory materials and foundry processing used in casting steel. This objective was to be met by completing the following: (1) Surveying the steel foundries both through paper/electronic surveys sent to North American steel foundries as well as plant visits to participants. Information concerning refractory selection and performance as well as refractory and steelmaking practices provides a baseline for future comparison and to identify opportunities for substantial improvement in energy efficiency. (2) Conducting post-mortem analysis of materials from existing refractory/steelmaking practices to determine wear/failure mechanisms. (3) Identify areas for research on developing refractories for use in steel foundry furnaces, adjusting steelmaking practices to improve efficiency and modifying slag practices to improve refractory performance. The overall objective of the steel foundry refractory lining optimization program was to review established refractory and steelmaking practices to identify opportunities for improvements that would yield substantial energy savings for steel foundries. Energy savings were expected to arise from improved efficiency of the electric arc furnaces and from reductions in the post-casting welding and grinding that are normally required. Ancillary energy savings related to a reduction in the amount of refractories currently produced to meet the needs of the steel foundry industry, and a shift from pre-fired materials (shaped refractories) to monolithic refractories that are heat treated ''in situ'' were anticipated. A review of the complete program results indicates that techniques for achieving the overall goal were demonstrated. The main difference between the predicted and the actual achievements relates to the areas from which actual energy savings could be realized. Although reductions in furnace tap temperature would result in a reduction in the power required for melting, such reductions are realized through changes within the ladle transfer portion of the process, through modified ladle pre-heat and refractory insulation. Reductions in clean room energy usage proved very difficult to track, and some questions as to just how much impact refractory related inclusions have on the degree of welding and grinding required for completion of a casting, remain. Post-mortem analysis of casting defects did identify refractory derived inclusions but the greatest concentration of inclusions related to steel reoxidation issue. In almost every instance, the suggested refractory/process modifications were proven to be both technically and economically feasible. The difficulty in implementation of the proposed changes relates to the ''up front'' expense and the learning curve associated with any process modification. These two issues were compounded by production slow downs that are too common in the current market. Such slow downs normally result in less energy efficient processing coupled with reductions in capital or ''up front'' expenditures. A return to historical norms should allow foundries to implement the suggested modifications and then evaluate the overall benefit.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon Monoxide Attack of Refractories by : William Alfred Frad
Download or read book Carbon Monoxide Attack of Refractories written by William Alfred Frad and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Refractory Raw Materials and High Performance Refractory Products by : Zhongguo jin shu xue hui
Download or read book Refractory Raw Materials and High Performance Refractory Products written by Zhongguo jin shu xue hui and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Refractories for Aluminum Recycling Furnaces by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Refractories for Aluminum Recycling Furnaces written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Compositional Requirements for Refractory Materials in Furnaces Used for the Manufacture of Carbon Disulphide by :
Download or read book Compositional Requirements for Refractory Materials in Furnaces Used for the Manufacture of Carbon Disulphide written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gun-sprayed refractory lining of electrothermal furnaces used for the manufacture of carbon disulphide from liquid sulphur and charcoal at between 800 and 1000 degrees C are severely attacked during the process. A mineralogical study of samples of eroded refractory material disclosed that carbon disulphide had penetrated the lining, causing the precipitation of sulphides and carbon, and the decomposition of mullite, a major constituent of the lining, to corundum and amorphous silica. Calcium, iron, titanium, and chromium are undesirable cations in a refractory that is used in furnaces for the production of carbon disulphide, since they react readily with this substance. A series of tests, in which samples were exposed to different amounts of carbon disulphide for various residence times and at different temperatures, was carried out with eight types of aluminosilicate-based castable and brick refractory materials, to compare their resistance to attack by carbon disulphide. Mineralogical investigation of the test cores showed that castable refractory materials are unsuitable for this type of process because of the presence of calcium aluminates and other impurities in the cement. Of all the refractories that were tested, a mullite brick of low porosity, containing a minimum amount of impurities, appeared to be the most suitable for use in this type of operation.
Download or read book The Engineering Index Annual written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 2264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its creation in 1884, Engineering Index has covered virtually every major engineering innovation from around the world. It serves as the historical record of virtually every major engineering innovation of the 20th century. Recent content is a vital resource for current awareness, new production information, technological forecasting and competitive intelligence. The world?s most comprehensive interdisciplinary engineering database, Engineering Index contains over 10.7 million records. Each year, over 500,000 new abstracts are added from over 5,000 scholarly journals, trade magazines, and conference proceedings. Coverage spans over 175 engineering disciplines from over 80 countries. Updated weekly.
Book Synopsis Chemical Engineering Design by : Gavin Towler
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Design written by Gavin Towler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards Additional worked examples and homework problems The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors
