Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
An Assessment Of Potential Mining Impacts On Salmon Ecosystems Of Bristol Bay Alaska
Download An Assessment Of Potential Mining Impacts On Salmon Ecosystems Of Bristol Bay Alaska full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online An Assessment Of Potential Mining Impacts On Salmon Ecosystems Of Bristol Bay Alaska ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska by : U.s. Environment Protection Agency
Download or read book An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska written by U.s. Environment Protection Agency and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-08 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bristol Bay watershed in southwestern Alaska supports the largest sockeye salmon fishery in the world, is home to 25 Federally Recognized Tribal Governments, and contains large mineral resources. The potential for large-scale mining activities in the watershed has raised concerns about the impact of mining on the sustainability of Bristol Bay's world-class fisheries, and the future of Alaska Native tribes in the watershed who have maintained a salmon-based culture and subsistence-based lifestyle for at least 4,000 years. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) launched this assessment to determine the significance of Bristol Bay's ecological resources and evaluate the potential impacts of large-scale mining on these resources. The USEPA will use the results of this assessment to inform the consideration of options consistent with its role under the Clean Water Act. The assessment is intended to provide a scientific and technical foundation for future decision making; the USEPA will not address use of its regulatory authority until the assessment becomes final and has made no judgment about whether and how to use that authority at this time.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska Volume 1 - Main Report by : U S Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska Volume 1 - Main Report written by U S Environmental Protection Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-02 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report evaluates the potential impacts of large-scale mining development on salmon and other fish populations, wildlife, and Alaska Native cultures in the Nushagak River and Kvichak River watersheds of Bristol Bay, Alaska. It is not an assessment of a specific mine proposal for development, nor does it outline decisions made or to be made by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The assessment was conducted as an ecological risk assessment and starts with a review and characterization of the fisheries, wildlife, and Alaska Native cultures of the Bristol Bay watershed, particularly the Nushagak and Kvichak River watersheds. We developed realistic mine scenarios that include an open pit mine producing 0.25, 2.0, and 6.5 billion tons of ore and a 138-km transportation corridor. Based on these mine scenarios, we conclude that mining would, at minimum, cause the loss of spawning and rearing habitat for multiple salmonids (Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, and Dolly Varden). The mine footprint in each of the three scenarios would likely result in the direct loss of 38, 90, and 145 km of streams and 5.0, 12.4 and 19.4 km2 of wetlands, respectively. Water withdrawals for mine operations would significantly diminish habitat quality in an additional 15, 26 and 54 km of streams. Leakage of tailings and waste rock leachates during routine operations would result in instream copper levels sufficient to cause direct effects on salmonids in 29 and 57 km of streams beyond the mine footprint in the 2.0- and 6.5-billion-ton scenarios unless additional mitigation measures were taken. These leakages would not be likely to cause direct effects in streams under the 0.25-billion-ton scenario. Under a reasonable upper bound failure scenario for the wastewater treatment plant, copper concentrations would be sufficient to cause direct effects on salmonid fish in 45, 100, and 100 km of streams, respectively, under each mine scenario. The transportation corridor would cross 53 streams and rivers known or likely to support migrating and/or resident salmonids. At those road crossings, culvert failures could inhibit fish migration and degrade habitat, truck accidents could spill industrial chemicals, and runoff could reduce water quality. Failure of a tailings dam has a very low probability of occurrence, but a spill of 20% of the tailings from a single tailings storage facility would destroy more than 30 stream km, and more streams and rivers would have greatly degraded habitat for decades. A spill of product concentrate slurry along the transportation corridor would result in toxicity to fish in streams between the road and Iliamna Lake. Reductions in the populations of salmon would be expected from these habitat losses and toxic effects, but cannot be quantified. These losses would adversely affect the Alaska Native cultures and the wildlife of the region. The Nushagak River and Kvichak River watersheds contain multiple sites under consideration for large-scale mining. Potential risks of mining development on salmon and other fish populations are likely to increase as a result of the cumulative impacts of multiple mines.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Region X
Download or read book An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Region X and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska (Second External Review Draft). by :
Download or read book An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska (Second External Review Draft). written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska by : U S Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska written by U S Environmental Protection Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-02 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to characterize the baseline levels of economic activity and related ecosystem services values for the Bristol Bay wild salmon ecosystem. The overarching purpose of this report is to provide baseline economic information to the Environmental Protection Agency in order to inform review of mining proposals in the Nushugak and Kvichak drainages. Both regional economic significance and social net economic accounting frameworks are described in this report. This study reviews and summarizes existing economic research on the key sectors in this area and reports findings based on original survey data on expenditures and net benefits. This report combines efforts on the part of Bioeconomics, Inc. and the University of Alaska Institute of Social and Economic Research. John Duffield and Chris Neher compiled the report and authored the executive summary, Sections 1, 2, and 5. Gunnar Knapp wrote Section 3 (commercial fisheries), and Tobias Schworer, Ginny Fey and Scott Goldsmith wrote Section 4. The major components of the total value of the Bristol Bay area watersheds include subsistence use, commercial fishing, sport fishing and other recreation, and the preservation values (or indirect values) held by users and the U.S. resident population. The overall objectives of this study is to estimate the share of the total regional economy (expenditures, income, and jobs) that is dependent on these essentially pristine wild salmon ecosystems and to provide a preliminary but relatively comprehensive estimate of the total economic value (from an applied welfare economics perspective) that relies on a healthy ecosystem.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska by :
Download or read book An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the assessment is to provide a characterization of the biological and mineral resources of the Bristol Bay watershed, increase understanding of the potential impacts of large-scale mining on the region's fish resources, and inform future governmental decisions related to protecting and maintaining the physical, chemical and biological integrity of the watershed. The primary focus is the quality, quantity, and genetic diversity of salmonid fishes. As a scientific assessment, it does not discuss or recommend policy, legal or regulatory decisions, nor does it outline or analyze options for future decisions.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska by : U S Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska written by U S Environmental Protection Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Pacific salmon return from feeding in the open ocean each year and swarm through Bristol Bay en route to their natal spawning streams. Nine major river systems comprise the spawning grounds for Bristol Bay salmon (Figure 1), and schools navigate toward the mouths of their respective rivers as they pass through the Bay. Each summer, thousands of commercial fishermen use drift and set gill nets to capture millions of returning fish, making Bristol Bay the largest sockeye salmon fishery in the world. Salmon that escape the fishery distribute throughout the Bay's watersheds and spawn in hundreds of discreet populations. Sport anglers target those salmon, especially sockeye, Chinook and coho, as they migrate through the river systems toward their spawning grounds. Also prized are abundant populations of rainbow trout and other sport fish, including Dolly Varden and Arctic grayling, which attain trophy size by gorging on energy-rich salmon eggs, flesh from salmon carcasses, and invertebrates dislodged by spawning salmon. The abundance of large game fish, along with the wilderness setting, makes the Bristol Bay region a world-class destination for sport anglers. Alongside recreationists, aboriginal people, guided by an age-old culture, harvest their share of migrating salmon and other fish species, which provide a primary source of sustenance. In this report we reviewed the biology, ecology, and management of the fishes of the Bristol Bay watersheds, emphasizing those species of the greatest cultural and economic importance - sockeye salmon, Chinook salmon, and rainbow trout. Rather than to imply that other fishes are not important, this focus reflected the disproportionate amount of research on these species (especially sockeye salmon) and was necessary to keep the amount of material manageable. In contrast, there is relatively little information available for the region's freshwater species, despite the importance of some in subsistence and sport fisheries. Our objectives were to describe the commercial and sport fishery resources of the region and to discuss the importance of Bristol Bay salmon populations in the context of the greater North Pacific Ocean. The literature reviewed consisted primarily of agency reports and peer-reviewed scientific papers, although unpublished data and personal communications were used where no pertinent published literature existed and popular sources were consulted to characterize the more subjective attributes of the sport fisheries. Our geographic focus was the Kvichak River watershed (including the Alagnak River) and the Nushagak River watershed (including the Wood River). Since the Kvichak and Nushagak sockeye salmon populations are components of the Bristol Bay-wide stock complex, however, we typically discuss their abundance trends at both the Bristol Bay scale and at the scale of the individual river systems. The economics of Bristol Bay's fisheries and the role of fish in the region's aboriginal cultures are each covered in separate sections of the Bristol Bay Watershed Analysis.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Oversight Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :426 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis EPA's Bristol Bay Watershed Assessment by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Oversight
Download or read book EPA's Bristol Bay Watershed Assessment written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrologic and Aquatic Species Implications of the Proposed Pebble Mine, Bristol Bay, Alaska by : Fiona Cundy
Download or read book Hydrologic and Aquatic Species Implications of the Proposed Pebble Mine, Bristol Bay, Alaska written by Fiona Cundy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bristol Bay, Alaska is one of the last ecosystems left on earth that haqs gone unaltered by human impacts. Bristol Bay watershed supports the largest wild sockeye salmon runs on the planet with nearly 42 million salmon migrating to the watersheds headwaters every year. The proposed Pebble Mine, containing gold, copper, and molybdenum has threatened the health of this watershed. This project asks what effects the proposed Pebble Mine will have on water quality and quantity, and more specifically, how the withdrawal of groundwater and surface water will alter the regions most pristine anadromous salmonid spawning grounds. Though comprehensive studies have been done, the groundwater of this region remains a comples topic. This research formulates unanswered questions related to groundwater that need to be answered before mining advances. Due to the unknown properties of the region's groundwater and hydrologic regime, mining poses significant risk to water quality, quantity, and aquatic species of the Bristol Bay watershed.
Book Synopsis Bristol Bay Alaska by : Carol Ann Woody
Download or read book Bristol Bay Alaska written by Carol Ann Woody and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bristol Bay, Alaska, supports a wide diversity of globally significant natural resources--from the world's most valuable wild salmon fishery to one of the world's largest untapped copper deposits. With contributions from leading scientific experts, this comprehensive, one-of-a-kind book is essential to understanding what is known regarding the extraordinary array of natural resources found within the Bristol Bay ecosystem. This reference will aid policy makers, resource managers, scientists, stakeholders, students, and the public in the discussion, debate, and decision making surrounding the future of this world treasure. Key Features --First-ever comprehensive book on the natural resources of Bristol Bay and its watershed --Wonderfully organized book that takes the reader on a wide-ranging journey through this remarkable region of the world with 26 chapters written by expert scientists in their respective fields --Contains appendices on marine invertebrates as well as freshwater macroinvertebrates and diatom communities --Provides cutting-edge information on salmon diversity and genetics and seldom seen information on the fresh water seal populations --Features over 200 full color illustrations and photos and more than 50 research tables, with many chapters including summaries and future recommended research by the scientist authors --WAV features material on the North Aleutian Basin oil and gas potential--available from the Web Added Value Download Resource Center at jrosspub.com
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Environmental Assessment by : Glenn W. Suter II
Download or read book Fundamentals of Environmental Assessment written by Glenn W. Suter II and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-06-14 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the "go to" book in the field of ecological risk assessment, this shorter, principles-based, updated textbook is essential for students and new practitioners who want to understand the purposes of environmental assessments and how to achieve them. It includes environmental risks to humans as well as nonhuman populations and ecosystems, and most types of environmental assessments. Drawing upon the author’s extensive experience in the field, first as a senior research staff member in the Environmental Sciences Division at Oak Ridge Laboratory and then as science advisor in the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s National Center for Environmental Assessment, the book explains fundamental principles and basic techniques and illustrates them with example applications which carry through multiple chapters and make this book a practical and hands-on guide. Both the content and the style are inviting and approachable to different levels of students. Features Integrates human health and ecological assessments. Includes epidemiological, risk, causal, impact, and outcome assessments. Focuses on fundamental principles that are applicable in all nations and legal contexts. Employs an engaging style and draws on the author’s practical experience. Explains fundamental concepts in short chapters, making it perfect for beginners in the field. Explains the challenges and rewards of a career in environmental assessment. This book is a practical guide for senior and graduate students in environmental sciences and management, as well as new practitioners of assessment who want to understand the purposes of environmental assessments and how to achieve them.
Book Synopsis Bristol Bay's Wild Salmon Ecosystems and the Pebble Mine by : Dave Chambers
Download or read book Bristol Bay's Wild Salmon Ecosystems and the Pebble Mine written by Dave Chambers and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Resource Debate in Southwest Alaska by : Ethan Jerome Gottschalk
Download or read book Resource Debate in Southwest Alaska written by Ethan Jerome Gottschalk and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bristol Bay, in Southwest Alaska, is the largest sockeye salmon fishery in the world. After an almost total collapse of salmon numbers in the mid 1970's, the salmon have returned and average in the tens of millions every year. The salmon play a vital economic, cultural, and subsistence role in the lives of the people who call Bristol Bay home. At present there is a plan to develop a low-grade, but substantial, mineral deposit that consists primarily of copper, gold, and molybdenum. The estimated value of the minerals present is more than $500 billion. This plan is known as the Pebble Project, and could involve an open-pit mine, a large area of block caving, as well as the creation of huge tailings ponds north of Lake Iliamna. The proposed site of the mine straddles a drainage divide that affects two major watersheds that feed the Bristol Bay fishery. A resource debate is at hand which places the development of the mineral deposit at odds with the health of the fishery.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011- ) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :204 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Annual Report of Activities of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives for the ... Congress by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011- )
Download or read book Annual Report of Activities of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives for the ... Congress written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011- ) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :136 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Examining EPA's Predetermined Efforts to Block the Pebble Mine by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011)
Download or read book Examining EPA's Predetermined Efforts to Block the Pebble Mine written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Catch written by Paul Greenberg and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INVESTIGATIVE REPORTERS & EDITORS Book Award, Finalist 2014 "A fascinating discussion of a multifaceted issue and a passionate call to action" --Kirkus From the acclaimed author of Four Fish and The Omega Principle, Paul Greenberg uncovers the tragic unraveling of the nation’s seafood supply—telling the surprising story of why Americans stopped eating from their own waters in American Catch In 2005, the United States imported five billion pounds of seafood, nearly double what we imported twenty years earlier. Bizarrely, during that same period, our seafood exports quadrupled. American Catch examines New York oysters, Gulf shrimp, and Alaskan salmon to reveal how it came to be that 91 percent of the seafood Americans eat is foreign. In the 1920s, the average New Yorker ate six hundred local oysters a year. Today, the only edible oysters lie outside city limits. Following the trail of environmental desecration, Greenberg comes to view the New York City oyster as a reminder of what is lost when local waters are not valued as a food source. Farther south, a different catastrophe threatens another seafood-rich environment. When Greenberg visits the Gulf of Mexico, he arrives expecting to learn of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill’s lingering effects on shrimpers, but instead finds that the more immediate threat to business comes from overseas. Asian-farmed shrimp—cheap, abundant, and a perfect vehicle for the frying and sauces Americans love—have flooded the American market. Finally, Greenberg visits Bristol Bay, Alaska, home to the biggest wild sockeye salmon run left in the world. A pristine, productive fishery, Bristol Bay is now at great risk: The proposed Pebble Mine project could under¬mine the very spawning grounds that make this great run possible. In his search to discover why this pre¬cious renewable resource isn’t better protected, Green¬berg encounters a shocking truth: the great majority of Alaskan salmon is sent out of the country, much of it to Asia. Sockeye salmon is one of the most nutritionally dense animal proteins on the planet, yet Americans are shipping it abroad. Despite the challenges, hope abounds. In New York, Greenberg connects an oyster restoration project with a vision for how the bivalves might save the city from rising tides. In the Gulf, shrimpers band together to offer local catch direct to consumers. And in Bristol Bay, fishermen, environmentalists, and local Alaskans gather to roadblock Pebble Mine. With American Catch, Paul Greenberg proposes a way to break the current destructive patterns of consumption and return American catch back to American eaters.
