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An Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Reinforcers Identified Via Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments
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Book Synopsis An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Reinforcers Identified Via Multiple-stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments by : Christopher Aaron Tullis
Download or read book An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Reinforcers Identified Via Multiple-stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments written by Christopher Aaron Tullis and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Preference assessment methodologies have been demonstrated to effectively identify reinforcers for individuals with moderate to intensive disabilities, but the primary method of validating assessment outcomes has been to measure the occurrence of a simple operant response (e.g., card exchange). The effectiveness of a stimulus to function as a reinforcer for a simple operant response may not generalize to more complex responses (e.g., dressing). This investigation presents an exploration of the reinforcing effectiveness of stimuli identified using a preference assessment in basic and complex arrangements for three adolescent males with moderate to intensive disabilities. An MSWO was conducted to identify high- (HP) and low-preference (LP) stimuli. Next, a basic reinforcer assessment was used to determine if the identified HP and LP stimuli functioned as reinforcers with a simple operant response (i.e., card exchange). The item identified as a reinforcer with a simple operant response was then tested using a complex operant response (i.e., discrimination). Data indicated that for one participant, the items identified as HP were not reinforcers under either basic or complex arrangements. For one participant, the HP item was a reinforcer in the basic assessment, but not in the complex assessment. For the last participant, the item identified as a reinforcer maintained effectiveness under both basic and complex assessments.
Book Synopsis Web-based Stimulus Preference Assessment and Reinforcer Assessments for Videos by : Hugo Curiel
Download or read book Web-based Stimulus Preference Assessment and Reinforcer Assessments for Videos written by Hugo Curiel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulus preference assessments and reinforcer assessments are integral components of positive reinforcement-based interventions. Web-based brief multiple-stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessments have recently been shown to be effective in identifying preference hierarchies for videos (Curiel, Curiel, Li, Deochand, & Poling, 2018). The purpose of the current studies was to replicate Curiel et al.'s web-based MSWO assessment and assess the reinforcing function of the highest and lowest identified stimuli using novel web-based reinforcer assessments. Study 1 employed single-operant arrangements (SOAs) and Study 2 employed concurrent-operants arrangements (COAs) to assess the absolute and relative reinforcing function of the identified stimuli, respectively. The web-based MSWO was effective in identifying stimulus preferences hierarchies in both studies. Furthermore, the highest-preferred stimuli functioned as reinforcers in both arrangements. The findings, limitations, and areas of future research are discussed.
Book Synopsis Effectively and Efficiently Identifying Reinforcing Stimuli by : Garbriel Velez
Download or read book Effectively and Efficiently Identifying Reinforcing Stimuli written by Garbriel Velez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference assessments are procedures used to identify potentially reinforcing stimuli. Preliminary evidence has shown a single-session multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment to be an effective and efficient method for identifying reinforcer hierarchies. The present study further evaluated the efficacy and efficiency of a single-session MSWO preference assessment with three adolescent special education students. Following a single preference assessment session, a reinforcer assessment was conducted to evaluate the resulting reinforcer hierarchy. In addition, two additional reinforcer assessment sessions were conducted over a period of a week to examine the stability of the MSWO reinforcer hierarchies. Results from the single operant reinforcer assessment sessions indicated reinforcer hierarchies were accurate for all participants and stable for 2 out of 3 participants.
Book Synopsis Ledyard Stebbins, 94 (obituary). by :
Download or read book Ledyard Stebbins, 94 (obituary). written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Stimulus Inclusion Methods in Multiple-stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments by : Sara Jeglum
Download or read book Evaluating Stimulus Inclusion Methods in Multiple-stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments written by Sara Jeglum and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessments (MSWO) have been well-documented in the literature as evidence-based methods of identifying possible reinforcers to occasion desired behavior (e.g., task completion) for individuals with and without disabilities. Stimuli included in the MSWO are typically chosen through structured interviews, arbitrary experimenter selection, observation, informal interview with caregivers or teachers, or self-report. Based on systematic review on preference assessments with adolescents with autism or developmental disabilities, stimuli for the MSWO are primarily selected based on informal report by relevant stakeholders, or inclusion procedures are not specified. Only two out of thirty studies used student self-report of preferences to identify stimuli for inclusion. While MSWOs are efficacious, the methods by which the initial stimuli are selected for an MSWO array are highly variable or not described in the extant literature, limiting the effectiveness of interventions.This study sought to elucidate a standard for stimulus inclusion methods for adolescents with autism and other developmental disabilities. Using a single-case multi-element design, four adolescent boys with autism completed MSWOs based on the various methods of identifying stimuli for the array. Reinforcer assessments were conducted to verify the most effective stimulus inclusion procedure. The identified highest preferred stimuli were delivered contingent on completion of each participant's individualized academic work. Task performance was compared using percentage of differentiation. A social validity measure was administered to stakeholders.Results indicated that for all four participants, informants endorsed vastly different stimuli for inclusion in MSWOs. When comparing these stimuli, however, there was no differentiation in the reinforcer assessment for time to task completion. One participant engaged in rates of noncompliance that differentiated between informants and the control condition. Therefore, no uniform standard for stimulus selection was identified. Acceptability data indicate that all participants were satisfied with the preference assessment procedures and found that making choices was important for the adolescents. These results suggest that it is incumbent upon those who work with adolescents on the spectrum to gather report from multiple informants to ascertain an appropriate range of possible reinforcers. Factors contributing to the efficacy of various stimulus inclusion methods are discussed.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Rate of Challenging Behavior Maintained by Different Reinforcers Across Three Preference Assessments by : Soyeon Kang
Download or read book Evaluation of the Rate of Challenging Behavior Maintained by Different Reinforcers Across Three Preference Assessments written by Soyeon Kang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference is commonly incorporated into educational interventions for individuals with developmental disabilities. Preference assessments have a solid research base indicating that they are more reliable tools for finding preference than the subjective opinions of parents and teachers. As evidence-based practices have been emphasized, the preference assessment has been a regular component of interventions and instructional programs for the population. Along with the utility, research regarding the assessment and relevant variables has also increased. However, many questions still exist and wait for more inquiry. One of the practical issues is the occurrence of challenging behaviors of individuals with disabilities during preference assessments. Highly occurring challenging behavior during an assessment may interrupt the procedure and lead to inaccurate results about the individual's preference. That may ultimately affect the effectiveness of the intervention or instructional program. Using a procedure that does not evoke challenging behavior is necessary for accurate results as well as ethically responsible. Therefore this study examined the relation between functions of challenging behavior and three commonly used preference assessment procedures: Paired-Stimulus (PS), Multiple-Stimulus without Replacement (MSWO), and Free-Operant (FO). This study had two phases: Functional analyses and preference assessments. First, functional analyses were conducted to identify the function of challenging behaviors. The participants were nine children with developmental disabilities whose functional analysis results indicated their challenging behavior was maintained by access to tangible items (5), attention (2), and escape (2) reinforcers. After identifying the behaviors' functions, preference assessments were implemented to compare the rates of the challenging behaviors. Each preference assessment format was conducted 5 times, in a random order for each participant. The results of the study demonstrate that the occurrence of challenging behavior with different functions was different depending on procedure formats. This suggests that there would be a relation between functions of challenging behavior and preference assessment formats. In other words, depending on the function of challenging behavior, the assessment procedure may act as a trigger evoking the challenging behavior. This study discussed practical guidance to prevent challenging behavior during preference assessments.
Book Synopsis Preference Assessments with Individuals with Severe Disabilities by : Amanda R. Yeager
Download or read book Preference Assessments with Individuals with Severe Disabilities written by Amanda R. Yeager and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Three children with mental retardation and/or autism participated in a study evaluating the reinforcing effectiveness of moderate- and low-preference stimuli. Nine full array Multiple-Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO) preference assessments were conducted assessing tangible and edible stimuli. The items categorized as moderate- and low-preference using the Ciccone, Graff, and Ahearn (2005) point weighting scoring method were reassessed. The items ranked high-, moderate-, and low-preference from the assessments were then evaluated during the reinforcer assessments. An alternating treatments design was implemented and data were compared to baseline using an A-B design. Two participants' responding increased as the low-, moderate-, and high-preference reinforcement contingencies were implemented. For one participant, the moderate- and high-preference stimuli produced responding at 100%. One participant had minimal responding relative to baseline across all three stimuli. This study extends previous research by demonstrating the MSWO is an effective and efficient technique to identify reinforcers.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Environment on Multiple-stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments by : Amber Mercer
Download or read book The Effect of Environment on Multiple-stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments written by Amber Mercer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference assessments have been proven to be an effective assessment tool used to identify preferences for individuals with developmental disabilities. There are 4 methods of preference assessments: single-stimulus preference assessment, paired-stimulus preference assessment, multiple stimulus with replacement preference assessment, and multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment. The current study used the multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessment to compare identified stimuli across 2 different environments. There were 12 participants exposed to a total of 10 sessions, 5 at home and 5 at school. The research tested for consistency among participant preference of the items chosen across sessions in both locations. The results of the current study were inconclusive; some participants had the same preference across environments and other participants did not have a clear preference in either environment. There were several limitations that may have contributed to the findings. Some of the limitations include the participants’ wide range of abilities and disabilities in the scope of their autism. Other limitations include the inability to insure the participants were not over exposed or satiated on the edible items used. Also, some participants did not have a clear preference for items.
Book Synopsis Interventions for Children with Or at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders by : Kathleen L. Lane
Download or read book Interventions for Children with Or at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders written by Kathleen L. Lane and published by Allyn & Bacon. This book was released on 2002 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the relationships between poor academic performance and behavioral problems, this book offers an integrated approach to providing services--incorporating both instructional issues and behavior management. Nineteen chapters focus on specific types of disorders, various ages of children, school subjects, and pedagogical issues like lesson design and classroom management. The authors teach special education and school psychology at American universities. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Book Synopsis Effects of Different Assessors on Mulitple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments by : Stevee Sakuda
Download or read book Effects of Different Assessors on Mulitple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessments written by Stevee Sakuda and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference assessments have been proven to be an effective assessment that is often used to determine preferences for individuals with developmental disabilities. The multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment was used with typically developing children. The current study compared assessors of the preference assessments: familiar and non-familiar. There were five participants exposed to a total of ten sessions. The researcher wanted to see if there was a consistency among the rank order of the items chosen across sessions with the familiar person administering the preference assessment. The researcher also wanted to see if the items chosen as reinforcers were different when the familiar person was the assessor compared to the non-familiar person. The results of the current did not support the hypothesis due to the variability between the rank orders of the items chosen and the assessors. There are several limitations that may have contributed to the findings that were discussed such as not using a reinforcer assessment to confirm the validity of the reinforcing value of the selected item.
Book Synopsis The Effects of High-Tech Stimuli and Duration of Access of Reinforcer Preference and Efficacy by : Audrey N. Hoffmann
Download or read book The Effects of High-Tech Stimuli and Duration of Access of Reinforcer Preference and Efficacy written by Audrey N. Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two dimensions of reinforcement that influence behavior are reinforcer magnitude and stimulus type. One type of stimulus involving high technology (i.e., hightech stimuli) has not been examined to determine reinforcement properties. This project examined the interactions of reinforcer magnitude and high-tech stimuli and the effects of those interactions on preference and reinforcer efficacy. Participants included three adult individuals with disabilities. Two multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessments were conducted to determine a highly preferred high-tech stimulus and a highly preferred no-tech stimulus for each participant. A paired stimulus preference assessment was conducted to identify preferred reinforcer magnitudes using both highly preferred stimuli (high- and no-tech). A progressive ratio (PR) reinforcer assessment was then conducted to assess the effects of stimulus type and reinforcer magnitude on reinforcer efficacy. Results demonstrated a preference for high-tech stimuli at longer durations of access for two participants. Results also demonstrated participants responded more for high-tech stimuli as reinforcer magnitudes were increased, and responded less for no-tech stimuli as reinforcer magnitudes were increased (measured as total number of responses during the PR assessments). These results provide further evidence of the effects of reinforcer magnitude and stimulus type (high-tech stimuli) on preference and reinforcer efficacy and have implications for clinicians and caregivers using high- and no-tech items as reinforcers.
Book Synopsis Educating Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders by : Robin LaBarbera
Download or read book Educating Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Robin LaBarbera and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Educating Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Partnering with Families for Positive Outcomes focuses on practical strategies for educating children with autism spectrum disorders in the classroom. Additional features describe how to partner with families in the implementation of many of the strategies, giving voice to parents, based on recent quantitative and qualitative research. Case studies developed from real interviews with parents and educators open each chapter, and the book focuses on what “works” and what “does not work” in their collaborative experiences. Key Features Case studies with "What Would You Do" questions offer real life scenarios that allow readers to apply their understanding of the chapter's contents to a situation they may encounter. Theory Into Practice (T.I.P) boxes promote self-reflection and an opportunity to apply material in real-world scenarios. A section of every chapter is devoted to how to collaborate with families to implement the chapter's specific strategies not just at school but also at home. Inclusion tips provide ways to implement the chapter's strategy for teachers in general education classrooms with children with ASD.
Book Synopsis Schedules of Reinforcement by : B. F. Skinner
Download or read book Schedules of Reinforcement written by B. F. Skinner and published by B. F. Skinner Foundation. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws.
Book Synopsis Displacement of One Stimulus Class Over Another Stimulus Class by : Adam Carter
Download or read book Displacement of One Stimulus Class Over Another Stimulus Class written by Adam Carter and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous researchers have found that individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities tend to prefer edible over leisure stimuli and that leisure stimuli generally function as less effective reinforcers than edible stimuli, regardless of the preference patterns observed during a combined-class multiple-stimulus without replacement (MSWO) assessment. However, researchers have often arbitrarily selected items to include in these preference assessments and have not investigated this phenomenon with typically developing children. In Study 1, we evaluated the preference for leisure and edible stimuli in a combined-class MSWO assessment with 15 typically developing children. Five of 15 participants preferred edible stimuli over leisure stimuli, 3 of 15 participants preferred leisure stimuli over edible stimuli, and the remaining seven of 15 participants did not prefer one stimulus class over another. In Study 2, we compared the reinforcer potency of displaced stimuli and the stimuli that displaced them with 7 of 8 participants who showed displacement of one stimulus class over the other. Four of 7 participants allocated more responding to the free-operant task associated with the top-ranked stimulus identified in the combined-class MSWO, while 3 of 7 participants showed no differences in responding to the free-operant task regardless of ranking of the reinforcer delivered.
Book Synopsis Testing the Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment as a Predictor of Reinforcer Efficacy in Dogs by : Sara Mackenzie Vicars
Download or read book Testing the Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment as a Predictor of Reinforcer Efficacy in Dogs written by Sara Mackenzie Vicars and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference and reinforcer assessment research with animals has been limited in providing a full analysis of all available methodology. The paired-stimulus (PS) preference assessment has been shown to be effective in yielding a hierarchy of preference with animal participants; however, reinforcer assessments have not been conducted in any of these studies. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate use of the single-stimulus (SS) and PS preference assessments as predictors of reinforcer effectiveness with dogs (canis lupus familiaris). The preference assessments were followed by single, concurrent, and basis 2 progressive-ratio (PR 1) reinforcement assessments to assess absolute and relative reinforcer efficacy with 12 participants. Results indicate that the PS preference assessment was able to predict preference and reinforcer efficacy. Various features of each assessment are discussed.
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Preferences Identified During Single-stimulus, Paired-stimulus, and Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessment Procedures and Reinforcer Potency by : Steven Edward Lindauer
Download or read book The Relationship Between Preferences Identified During Single-stimulus, Paired-stimulus, and Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessment Procedures and Reinforcer Potency written by Steven Edward Lindauer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis by : Wayne W. Fisher
Download or read book Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis written by Wayne W. Fisher and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widely regarded as the authoritative work on the principles and practice of applied behavior analysis (ABA), this indispensable volume is now in a revised and expanded second edition. Leading experts present evidence-based procedures for supporting positive behaviors and reducing problem behaviors with children and adults in diverse contexts. Chapters delve into applications in education, autism treatment, addictions, behavioral pediatrics, and other areas. Covering everything from behavioral assessment and measurement to the design and implementation of individualized interventions, the Handbook is a complete reference and training tool for ABA practitioners and students. New to This Edition *Incorporates key advances in research, theory, and clinical practice. *Chapters on additional applications: school consultation, pediatric feeding disorders, and telehealth services. *Chapters on quantitative analysis of behavior (matching and behavioral momentum theory) and behavioral economics. *Updated discussions of professional issues, ABA certification, and technology tools.
